时间:2019-02-03 作者:英语课 分类:英语口译


英语课

   英语和汉语在否定的表达形式上存在着许多差异,我国学生往往会以中国人的思维方式和习惯用法去套英语,这样在汉译英时难免会出现一些错误。


  部分常见的错误举例如下:
  1、未经允许,任何人不得入内。
  误:Anybody can not come in without permission.
  正:Nobody can come in without permission.
  “任何……不”是汉语中常用的否定句式,而在英语中与any构成的合成词或被any修饰的词语作主语时,谓语动词不能用否定式,因此any …… not的表达形式不符合英语的习惯。翻译这类句子时须用“否定形式的主语+肯定形式的谓语”。但当any的合成词或any所修饰的词带有后置定语时,谓语可以用否定式,如: 干那种事的人都是不诚实的。 Anyone who does that isn't honest.
  2、听到这个消息后,没有一个人不感到兴奋。
  误:Having heard the news, nobody did not feel excited.
  正:Having heard the news, everybody felt excited.
  汉语中常用“没有+主语+不+谓语”这一双重否定的结构,而英语中否定形式的主语习惯上不能与否定形式的谓语连用。因此nobody…… not的结构不符合英语的表达习惯。翻译这类句子时,(1)可把主语和谓语都改成肯定形式;(2)也可用另一结构的双重否定式:therebe +否定的主语 + 否定形式的定语从句,如:
  There was nobody who did not feel excited.
  或:There was nobody but felt excited.
  3、这两本书都不是英国出版的。
  误:Both of the books are not published in England.
  正:Neither of the books is published in England.
  我不同意所有这些方案。
  误:I don't agree to all these projects.
  正:I agree to none of these projects.
  或:I don't agree to any of these projects.
  英语中的概括词all, every, both, 以及与every 构成的合成词,用语否定句式时,只表示部分否定,常译成“并非……都”,因此两个错误译句的含义分别为:并非两本书都是英国出版的,并非所有这些方案我都同意。要表达全部否定意义时,英语须用全否定词语,如none,neither,no, nobody, nothing, not …… any, not …… either等。
  4、这台车床不能再用了,那台也一样。
  误:This lathe 1 can not be used any longer, and that one can't, too.
  正:This lathe can not be used any longer, and that one cna't either.
  或:This lathe can not be used any longer, neither (nor) can that one.
  否定句中的“也”不能译成too,而须用either,或用neither(nor)的倒装句型。
  5、你不必为你的军衔和薪金担心。
  误:You won't have to worry about rank and pay.
  正:You won't have to worry about rank or pay.
  在肯定句中用and来连接两个并列成分,表示“和”,但在否定句中and应改为or, 这时否定词对or的前后部分同时加以否定。

n.车床,陶器,镟床
  • Gradually she learned to operate a lathe.她慢慢地学会了开车床。
  • That lathe went out of order at times.那台车床有时发生故障。
标签: 否定句式
学英语单词
achaemanid
Alvarez accelerator
azosulfamide
barbecute
Bassfield
biadder worm
brake pressure
bring something up to date
calibrating resistance
cause ill blood
chalchuite
character change
cleaning screen
coking arch
common goal
complementarity
compound motor
conchoid of Nicomedes
confide to sb that...
decreasing term insurance
direct instruction
dump heat test
dyest
eartags
enshelled
epicentral region
equilibrium stability
eupatoria
fardelled
finger-painted
flash point-apparatus
foreheads
foreign exchange holdings
geocomposite
geon (geometric ion)
glenospore disease
goodeniaceaes
Gornaya
goryphus basilaris
hemicorporectomies
hypomecis formosana
immunoneutralisation
injury to auricle
is of interest to
isomere
kucheans
lacerating machine
land leases
layer of ganglion cells
line judges
list up
logical check
look-ahead data staging architecture
lozenge-shapeds
lupus cell
methyleneurea
misbeliever
mounting area
multi-disciplinary
multichannel recording oscillograph
necked-down section
netversion
non-ferromagnetics
non-jacquard machine
normalbacteriolysin
obduratenesses
operating convenience
operational semantics
optimum cure point
orthostatic
overtones
Padumi
paid attention to
plateros
point pitch
Pokrovka
race way grinding machine
reactive golden yellow
receiver of the refrigerator
recorded gap
refined syrup
refrigeration dehumidifying
registerial
reprocessing rate
rolling hatch beam
Romishly
scymnus (neopullus) hoffmanni
shift driving shaft
shiner
sonar beam pattern
spherolite
standard minerals
stereo(regular) rubber
telebooths
tolyl-
total points
transmission, parallel
unclonable
unindents
villanized
warm sludge
xanthochilus