时间:2019-02-03 作者:英语课 分类:英语口译


英语课

   英语和汉语在否定的表达形式上存在着许多差异,我国学生往往会以中国人的思维方式和习惯用法去套英语,这样在汉译英时难免会出现一些错误。


  部分常见的错误举例如下:
  1、未经允许,任何人不得入内。
  误:Anybody can not come in without permission.
  正:Nobody can come in without permission.
  “任何……不”是汉语中常用的否定句式,而在英语中与any构成的合成词或被any修饰的词语作主语时,谓语动词不能用否定式,因此any …… not的表达形式不符合英语的习惯。翻译这类句子时须用“否定形式的主语+肯定形式的谓语”。但当any的合成词或any所修饰的词带有后置定语时,谓语可以用否定式,如: 干那种事的人都是不诚实的。 Anyone who does that isn't honest.
  2、听到这个消息后,没有一个人不感到兴奋。
  误:Having heard the news, nobody did not feel excited.
  正:Having heard the news, everybody felt excited.
  汉语中常用“没有+主语+不+谓语”这一双重否定的结构,而英语中否定形式的主语习惯上不能与否定形式的谓语连用。因此nobody…… not的结构不符合英语的表达习惯。翻译这类句子时,(1)可把主语和谓语都改成肯定形式;(2)也可用另一结构的双重否定式:therebe +否定的主语 + 否定形式的定语从句,如:
  There was nobody who did not feel excited.
  或:There was nobody but felt excited.
  3、这两本书都不是英国出版的。
  误:Both of the books are not published in England.
  正:Neither of the books is published in England.
  我不同意所有这些方案。
  误:I don't agree to all these projects.
  正:I agree to none of these projects.
  或:I don't agree to any of these projects.
  英语中的概括词all, every, both, 以及与every 构成的合成词,用语否定句式时,只表示部分否定,常译成“并非……都”,因此两个错误译句的含义分别为:并非两本书都是英国出版的,并非所有这些方案我都同意。要表达全部否定意义时,英语须用全否定词语,如none,neither,no, nobody, nothing, not …… any, not …… either等。
  4、这台车床不能再用了,那台也一样。
  误:This lathe 1 can not be used any longer, and that one can't, too.
  正:This lathe can not be used any longer, and that one cna't either.
  或:This lathe can not be used any longer, neither (nor) can that one.
  否定句中的“也”不能译成too,而须用either,或用neither(nor)的倒装句型。
  5、你不必为你的军衔和薪金担心。
  误:You won't have to worry about rank and pay.
  正:You won't have to worry about rank or pay.
  在肯定句中用and来连接两个并列成分,表示“和”,但在否定句中and应改为or, 这时否定词对or的前后部分同时加以否定。

n.车床,陶器,镟床
  • Gradually she learned to operate a lathe.她慢慢地学会了开车床。
  • That lathe went out of order at times.那台车床有时发生故障。
标签: 否定句式
学英语单词
Abemama Atoll
Adam's test
apertuer gap
armour backing
ATM adaptation layer
Aussig
ava'
baby-naming
barges-on-board
battleaxe
beta sites
bite me!
cannabipiperidiethanone
cartographic deduction method
character address counter
clip level
computer circuits
confervaceous
control equation
d'acosta
Denjoy minimum set
dogwood families
double-carbon arc lamp
driving & reversing machanism
DSVL
electronic divider
Emmel cast iron
energy build-up factor
environmental press
epicontinental sea
extended cover clause
extremal seeking system
fining-off
fisiozima
Georges Eugene Benjamin Clemenceau
gnat-strainer
gold plating thickness
horse-race
huddle over
Iberic
incidentness
integer function language
johnstonite (1)vanadinite (2)galena
Juvisy
Karachev
King Haakon B.
kreisleiters
Kyǒnghǔng
laboratory drains
lanthanum ethylsulfate
liquid hydrogen vessel
lukacs
lysuric acid
mcquaid ehn test
merion
Metoquine
monopolar generator
negative nitrogen balance
Nelaton's operation
nisbett
nonchoking nozzle
nonmaterial capital
ockro
over-inoculation
ozws
palghat (palakkad)
personal dignity
perturbed hard chain theory
PG-M(V0)
Phoebe minutiflora
policy goals
propellantless
protogenous
pseudolanthanide
refludon
rightwise
running parameter
safe belt
Scale of Commodity Classifications
socket power
sohoes
soylent
space impression
stock manipulation
syli
synthetic glue powder
tetanicum tetanica
The coast is clear
thin-film notch filter
treads
trichromatic coefficient (color triangle)
tube and plate collector
tubing drill
twicers
two-dee cyclotron
two-row elevator-digger
ugly duckling
uncle tom's cabin
unilateral distoclusion
yearly plant
zeaxanthine
zoo format