时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:英语口译


英语课
  在外事接待中,译员首先面临的一道难题是称谓的翻译。称谓代表了一个人的职位、职衔或学衔,体现了一个人的资历和地位。称谓的误译不仅是对有关人员的不尊重,而且也会产生种种不良的后果。称谓的准确翻译其关键在于译员对有关人员的身份及其称谓的表达式否有一个正确的理解,尤其是对称谓词语指义的认识。一个称谓词很可能表示多种身份,例如,英语的头衔词president,译成汉语时可视具体情况分别译作共和国的总统、国家主席、大学的校长、学院的院长、学会或协会的会长或主席、公司的总裁或董事长等等。同样,当介绍中国各类机构或组织的首长时,不可千篇一律的将他们的头衔译作head,而应该使用相应的、规范的称谓语。   一般说来,首席长官的汉语称谓常以“总……”表示,而表示首席长官的英语称谓则常带有chief, general, head, managing这类词,因此当翻译冠以“总”字的头衔时,须遵循英语头衔的表达习惯,例如:
  总工程师 chief engineer
  总经理 general manager; managing director
  总教练 head coach
  总干事 secretary-general
  有些部分或机构的首长或主管的英译,可以一些通用的头衔次表示,例如下列机构的负责人可以用director, head或chief来表示:
  局长 director of the bureau, head of the bureau, bureau chief
  汉语中表示副职的头衔一般都冠以“副”字,英译时需视词语的固定搭配或表达习惯等情况,可选择vice 1, associate, assistant, deputy等词。相对而言,vice使用面较广,例如:
  副总统 vice president
  副省长 vice governor
  副市长 vice mayor
  学术头衔的“副”之称谓往往用不同的词表达,最为常用的英语词是associate,例如:
  副教授 associate professor
  副研究员 associate research fellow
  副主任医师 associate senior doctor
  以director表示的职位的副职常以deputy director表示。此外,secretary, mayor, dean等头衔的副职也可冠以deputy,例如:
  副秘书长 deputy secretary-general
  副院长 deputy dean
  学术头衔系列出了含“正”或“副”表示,而直接用“高级”或“资深”来表示,我们可以用senior来称呼,例如:
  高级编辑 senior editor
  高级工程师 senior engineer
  资深翻译 senior translator
  有一些行业的职称或职务系列中,最高级别的职位冠以“首席”一词,英语常用chief来表示,例如:
  首席执行官 chief executive officer (CEO)
  首席法官 chief judge
  首席记者 chief correspondent
  有些头衔会含诸如“代理”、“常务”、“执行”、“名誉”这类称谓语,例如:
  代理市长 acting mayor
  常务理事 managing director
  执行主席 executive chairman/chair (或presiding chairman)
  名誉校长 honorary president
  有些职称或职务带有“主任”、“主治”、“特级”、“特派”、“特约”等头衔,英译不尽相同,例如:
  主任秘书 chief secretary
  主治医师 attending/chief doctor; physician; consultant
  特级教师 special-grade senior teacher
  特派记者 accredited correspondent
  特约编辑 contributing editor

n.坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;adj.副的
  • He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
  • They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。
标签: 口译
学英语单词
a case of the Mondays
Abishai
active cave
anchorite
armchair psychology
Bachanal
baseonemoside
be bereft of every particle of shame
British Home Stores
bronze powder
Brunsville
card reader punch
carolina jasmines
clockc cycle
cody pk.
columbianum
corporate-training
counter sunk head bolt
cowling shutter
diffraction resolution
disestablishment
Drumduff
dynamic loudspeaker
dziggetais
Edward's syndrome
electron-bombardment conductivity
ELF (extremely low frequency)
Ethinyloestradiol-3-methylether
exercitant
exponential waveform
extra dictionem
feeding capacity
fly-by-night
ge (general electric company of america)
general automation telecommunication access method
gigantopithecus blackii
greenish white porcelain
griths
guarantee capital
high speed wheel
homoisoflavone
i-heied
Ikea effect
international thread
involuntarinesses
iron(iii) sulfite
karyallagy
laser head block
mean magnitude
mechanical pressure atomizer
mirror image isomer
Moon's molars
Nervus sublingualis
nonassertively
not have a ghost of a chance
nuff
omenta
packeted scrap
parrhesia
pedospheres
Petroccipital
Pickering, Mt.
picrolonate
plotting area
power of agitator
prudent limit of endurance
radically
reaction wood
rjd
rough slope
scavenage
semi-globe
sheet metal receptacle
shou hsing tui
shuken
silo crops
skin-rejuvenating
slow cooking
social medicine
stack height
stationary X-ray detection apparatus
structure of nucleon
suction opening
surpassed
Taft, Robert Alphonso
timber-room
to the point of satiety
topfree
tory hill
traditional authority
triangular spring
underdeck shipment
uneven material feeding
unfoed
upbound tows
Walsh system of orthogonal functions
wavetrain
what-call-ye-him
workplace bargaining
xo karyotype
Yaoyangkuan
Zimé