时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:英语口译


英语课
  在外事接待中,译员首先面临的一道难题是称谓的翻译。称谓代表了一个人的职位、职衔或学衔,体现了一个人的资历和地位。称谓的误译不仅是对有关人员的不尊重,而且也会产生种种不良的后果。称谓的准确翻译其关键在于译员对有关人员的身份及其称谓的表达式否有一个正确的理解,尤其是对称谓词语指义的认识。一个称谓词很可能表示多种身份,例如,英语的头衔词president,译成汉语时可视具体情况分别译作共和国的总统、国家主席、大学的校长、学院的院长、学会或协会的会长或主席、公司的总裁或董事长等等。同样,当介绍中国各类机构或组织的首长时,不可千篇一律的将他们的头衔译作head,而应该使用相应的、规范的称谓语。   一般说来,首席长官的汉语称谓常以“总……”表示,而表示首席长官的英语称谓则常带有chief, general, head, managing这类词,因此当翻译冠以“总”字的头衔时,须遵循英语头衔的表达习惯,例如:
  总工程师 chief engineer
  总经理 general manager; managing director
  总教练 head coach
  总干事 secretary-general
  有些部分或机构的首长或主管的英译,可以一些通用的头衔次表示,例如下列机构的负责人可以用director, head或chief来表示:
  局长 director of the bureau, head of the bureau, bureau chief
  汉语中表示副职的头衔一般都冠以“副”字,英译时需视词语的固定搭配或表达习惯等情况,可选择vice 1, associate, assistant, deputy等词。相对而言,vice使用面较广,例如:
  副总统 vice president
  副省长 vice governor
  副市长 vice mayor
  学术头衔的“副”之称谓往往用不同的词表达,最为常用的英语词是associate,例如:
  副教授 associate professor
  副研究员 associate research fellow
  副主任医师 associate senior doctor
  以director表示的职位的副职常以deputy director表示。此外,secretary, mayor, dean等头衔的副职也可冠以deputy,例如:
  副秘书长 deputy secretary-general
  副院长 deputy dean
  学术头衔系列出了含“正”或“副”表示,而直接用“高级”或“资深”来表示,我们可以用senior来称呼,例如:
  高级编辑 senior editor
  高级工程师 senior engineer
  资深翻译 senior translator
  有一些行业的职称或职务系列中,最高级别的职位冠以“首席”一词,英语常用chief来表示,例如:
  首席执行官 chief executive officer (CEO)
  首席法官 chief judge
  首席记者 chief correspondent
  有些头衔会含诸如“代理”、“常务”、“执行”、“名誉”这类称谓语,例如:
  代理市长 acting mayor
  常务理事 managing director
  执行主席 executive chairman/chair (或presiding chairman)
  名誉校长 honorary president
  有些职称或职务带有“主任”、“主治”、“特级”、“特派”、“特约”等头衔,英译不尽相同,例如:
  主任秘书 chief secretary
  主治医师 attending/chief doctor; physician; consultant
  特级教师 special-grade senior teacher
  特派记者 accredited correspondent
  特约编辑 contributing editor

n.坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;adj.副的
  • He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
  • They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。
标签: 口译
学英语单词
Aalma ech Chaab
abnormal color of urine
absorbtivity
al amarah (amarah)
amalgamated product
animal oil and fat
antbears
atomic absorption photometer
be not worth a rap
benzoated
Bilaj
boromirs
burack
campanulated
chromophil cells
coffea canephoras
cold fermentation
cross check system
cumulative average
cylinder output balance monitoring
damping piston
dihydroxyphenylanainine
distance amplitude curve
do it now
earnings yield ratio
electronic antiphlogistic and analgesic membrane
electronic system for temperature control
enzyme activities
equilibrium measure
error modeling
fat-faced
fibre dichroism
flicker tests
flickier
girlishnesses
glossoplasty
glustrom
grounding alarm
handle stolen goods
hearing-organs
heat-sealing
hekmatyars
hydroswelling rubber sealing
import demand curve
in retaliation
inhibit reclosing
instruments for chemical supervision
insurable subject matter
interferometric sensor
Kamenets
karsches
killing machinery
Kobnakrom
larval musculature
local criterion
lucid ganoderma
macrosegregation
mandatory bid
megillahs
mens
mesolithin
metal ion inactivator
mishna
more-desirable
multi-planes
Net-planting
non-inferential
nub yarn
oothecalgia
Paloemeu
Pedicularis polygaloides
phosphacan
plugged screen
pot-valiant
property box
psycheclampsia
put lipstick on a pig
relevent vocoder
resistance losses
rretromaxillism
RSWC
ruwangs
sawiers
scantling draft
self-repair system
semihoral
series-field resistance
short term government securities
slip-casting
stock balance summary
stroboscopic light sources
team project
Thalberg, Irving
three - dimensional image
tijn
triphop
undiscoverable
Valpin
weather radar data processor and analyzer
weisz ring oven
woodie
ydought