时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:英语口译


英语课

   拜读了《成才与就业》英语口译考试专刊上孙黎博士的《英汉、汉英笔译精要》一文后,深以为然。孙博土指出:“由于平时对英文报刊、杂志上的时事性文章的阅读量不够大,有些考生对一些常用经济类词汇在上下文中的确切含义把握不准;另一类考生则对一个词的多种含义掌握不全面。只知其一,不知其二,于是考试时考生要么用自己所熟悉、但实际并不准确的词进行翻译,要么就不顾上下文随意猜一个词,有的干脆就忽略不译,结果往往因词不达意或过分意译而失分。”


  上述现象反映在本次试题中依然突出。考生或闪烁其辞、或妄加猜测、或随意附会,个中原因再次被孙博士言中。因此。孙博士力主“考生除平时加强对时事、经济类文章的阅和信息获取,扩大词汇量外,还应积极培养根据上下文有效猜测词义的能力”。
  所谓“根据上下文有效猜测词义”,就是以考生所学的语法、句法知识,分析试题中各种语言关系,并通过这些关系对词语的含义进行合理的推断;然后,基于对词语的认识,深入了解原文的含义。“根据上下文有效猜测词义”不仅是考生平时阅读时必须勤加操练的一项阅读技能,也是考生在应试过程中比较行之有效的一种途径。
  现以2003年9月高级口译第一阶段考试英译汉部分第一段为例,诠释根据上下问有效地猜测词义攻略:
  ①The effect governmental expenditures 2 on the total economy varies with both the level of utilization 3 of labor 4 and capital in the economy at the time of the expenditure 1, and the segment of the economy which receives the expenditure.      ②If the economy as a whole or the segment of economy which is the focus of the expenditure is operating at capacity or close to capacity, then the expenditure‘s major effects will tend to be inflationary growth, and will not generate much employment of capital and labor. ③If the economy or sector 5 is operating at much less than full employment. The expenditure will produce a genuine(non-inflationary)rise in the GNP.
  一、指代①句中“in the economy”指代前面“the total economy”; “the expenditure”指代前面“governmental expenditures”。这里的指代关系应该在译文中反映出来,而不应直接翻译咸“经济中”,“开支”,让人误以为这里的“经济”有别于“总体经济”,“开支”有别于“政府开支”。
  二、同义①句中的“the level Of utilization Of labor and capital”分别与②句中 “much employment of capital and labor”以及③句中“full employment”为同义,其意义为“利用”,而非望文生义、信手拈来的“雇佣”。
  三、对应①句中的“the total economy”等同与 “in the economy”,与“the segment of the economy”形成对应,这里是“总体经济”对应于“具体经济部门”; ②句中的“inflationary”与③句中的“genuine”遥相呼应则显而易见了。
  四、并列①句中的“both.……and”是明显的并列,说明政府增加财政支出所起作用的两个变量。②③句分别是以“if”开头的同源结构的条件句,分别阐明政府财政支出在两种不同情况下所产生的不同结果。
  五、释义②句中的“capacity”难倒一部分考生。其实从③句的同源结构可推定“full employment”,然后利用同义关系推定其所指代的是①句中的“utilization of labor and capital”,因此“capactty”的释义为 “full utilizatlon of labor and capital”。当然。有的释义是明摆着的。③句中“genuine”旁的括号就是对该词的解释,因为按经济学术语,此地应当是“real growth”以对应②句中的“inflationary growth”。作者惟恐引起考生误解。
  理清上面的关系是深入理解原文的关键,也是翻译的基础与根本。现代语法关于句法的信息结构以及写作的基础原理决定了这些关系在上下文中的存在。通过上下文了解作者的原义是正途,靠死记硬背、生搬硬套、随意附会、投机取巧则偏离了翻译“信”的原则,文过饰非也是枉然。其实,本试题只不过是一篇经济学方面的通俗文章,文字浅显、条理清晰,专业性并不高。所以希望考生谨记孙博土解析的同时,切实加强“根据上下文有效猜测词义”方面的训练,深入理解文章的含义。

n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出;使用,消耗
  • The entry of all expenditure is necessary.有必要把一切开支入账。
  • The monthly expenditure of our family is four hundred dollars altogether.我们一家的开销每月共计四百元。
n.花费( expenditure的名词复数 );使用;(尤指金钱的)支出额;(精力、时间、材料等的)耗费
  • We have overspent.We'll have to let up our expenditures next month. 我们已经超支了,下个月一定得节约开支。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The pension includes an allowance of fifty pounds for traffic expenditures. 年金中包括50镑交通费补贴。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.利用,效用
  • Computer has found an increasingly wide utilization in all fields.电子计算机已越来越广泛地在各个领域得到应用。
  • Modern forms of agricultural utilization,have completely refuted this assumption.现代农业利用形式,完全驳倒了这种想象。
n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦
  • We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
  • He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后,他已经疲惫不堪了。
n.部门,部分;防御地段,防区;扇形
  • The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
  • The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。
标签: 口译
学英语单词
aerial photographicsurvey
Akkol
barium hyposulfite
bebreak
betwine
block altitude
Blue Vinney
bone-glass
boundary bulkhead
Broughton Astley
Calycanthus
cardinal principle
CCL1
clearing-out sale
clinker void
cold rolled drawing sheet
communications act 2003
competition site
control language statement
depoliticalizations
distortion of lattice
distributed management facility
Dukes' disease
dusky-colored
dypnone
economic life time
electronic density
end relief angle
epi-dihydrotestosterone
excretory cell
falc
farmingville
fixer-uppers
focked
germanic oxide
gigaku (japan)
governing mechanism
gypsiorthid
Hemsleya chinensis
intercropped
international silk association
Jubilee, Year of
juvenile case
kalt
lelyly
logarithmic wind shear law
M.a.s
magnetic bit extractor
manufacturing information
municipal tax
Myrtillocactus
no voltage relay
non linear field theory
non-executive function
on general release
out of relation to
over-engineer
overcrowded city
PCTCP
phenolphtalein
Pola de Lena
post-modem
postvulcanization
pressurized fluidized bed combustion combined cycle units
pyranosides
radiobiological effect
rain storm
rube goldbergs
Schlenk flask
self-caused
Severodvinsk
sharing electron
ship-shore radio teletypewriter
shot of chain
skister
solids flow meter
sound stage width
special weapon security
spin-wave resonance
squared rubble
steam temperature control(stc)
supercompany
superleagues
switch oil tight
the pleasures of flesh
the subconscious
thrust-journal plain bearing
toppy
torpifies
toxic inflammation
triplate
turning period
tuymans
urostealith
vapor air mixture
viaticum
vibro beam accelerometer
virial theorem
vivacest
waiting-time
weathering capacity
yellow lady-slipper