时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:英语口译


英语课
  Good一词,在英语中该算是最熟悉、最常用的了。它的搭配能力很强,而且也常见于科技文章中。一看到good,我们便自然而然得会想到“好的”这一词义。然而,在一些场合,good的译法却是颇费踌躇的。
  1.可译为“好的”,但概念模糊:如good fish(好鱼),是指品种,大小还是新鲜程度呢?
  2.勉强可译为“好的”,但不搭配:如Good fire若译为“很好的炉火”是可以理解的,但不如译为“旺盛的炉火”。
  3.译成“好的”反而错了:如good hard work不是指“一项好的但却艰巨的工作”,而是指“一项十分艰巨的工作”。
  为什么这样普通的词在翻译时却难处理呢?其原因有二:
  1.只知其一,不知其二、三有的词有一个义项,有的词有两个或两个以上义项。good 一词,在《现代高级英汉双解辞典》中就有十八项释义,如不能全面地掌握这些义项,翻译时就会遇到困难。
  2.不善举一反三,触类旁通从语言的发展来看,一个词总会有一个最原始的或最基本的词义(叫做本义),而其他的词义是由这个词发展或引申而来的(叫做引申义)。引申,就是由原义产生新义。选择词义难就难在这个“新”字上。一是英语单词本身已有引申义。这就要勤查字典,从诸多词义中去挑选最合适的词义。二是词典中所有词义都不贴切,要根据汉译的需要去创造新义,而新义又必须与本义相关联。如good一词在英语中已有引申义“strong, vigorous(强健的,有力的)”。因此,His eyesight is still good. 一句应译为“他的视力仍然很强。”(good由“好的”引申为“强的”)。而在下面的例句中,good可引申为“高度的”。To produce strong X-rays the tube had to be made a very good vacuum. 管子要产生强的射线,就必须制成高度的真空。而“高度的”这一词义,在《现代高级英汉双解辞典》、《远东英汉大辞典》等的汉语释义中都是没有的,因而可算是新创的。现在,让我们以《现代高级英汉双解辞典》为据,列举good一词的几个义项来观察它在汉译时是如何引申和再引申的。为了节省篇幅,本文只探讨作为形容词用的而且常用于科技文章中的几个义项的译法,不涉及用于生活、口语和文学时的译法,也不涉及用于问候语、客气的称呼、赞扬之词以及片语和复合词的用法。为了方便,本文不再引用其英语的释义而用其对应的汉语译义,每一词义只举一例。

标签: 翻译
学英语单词
account through the bank
acetphenetidin
adaptive radar-controlled autopilot
against to the grain
Albert Speer
allowance in respect of a dependent spouse
alpheus lottini
ankletss
anomalous transmission method
antiglobalists
apotormae
Appian
asbestos fibre tile
automatic control unit
automatic gold standard
automative
bamboo pavilion
Bengal light
Big Blue
Bisexovis
bodging
Buddleja nivea
built-in stabilizer
chain-of-custody
circular polarized wave
Cofferlock
creamed spinach
dealing in securities
deepening of a depression
deformation path
dissaying
driving up
dufrenoysits
electro-pick-up
electrokinetic phenomena
emunctories
express terms
fade-in fade-out
fallaway
fast pulley
five bearing crankshaft
fujibitol
gausman
glasstechnology
icosi-
idiomatic phrases
in the very flush of youth
Kotgala
liquid level instrument
logical twins
looper connecting lever
Lycras
Maxwell's field equation
minus one
multiquark
muscle injiction
musculi arytaenoideus
nautical education
nitramine rearrangement
open-end classification
overtouts
pedalboard
photoelectric colo(u)rimeter
planeshear
plate type guard
plump out
poppins
porodine (colloid)
program skip
protropic
pseudo-sentence
Ramsay, Allan
re-jigged
recourseful
red body
ribichloric acid
room crosscut
sasada
scerning
scratch-back
snapping beetles
spit
sports final
strongly ideal system
study information
surface decontaminstion
take the evidence
teletext character
to both ears
tomayko
truck vertebrae
uncontestable
Upstairs, Downstairs
us battery
valveless filter
voltage sense
Wedelia
work hardening exponent
working breakfast
yarn to yarn friction
zeisses
zero dispersion slope