时间:2019-01-16 作者:英语课 分类:英语PK台


英语课

 英语三大构词法


据统计,在莎士比亚时代,英语单词总量大约为十四万个,而到了伊丽莎白二世时期,英语单词量已经达到三十三万个,而现在,英语单词量竟然以超过百万。那么,单词量的核裂变似的增长,是一种疯狂的、毫无逻辑的野蛮生长,还是有章可循呢?事实上,英语单词的变化,经历了以下几个阶段,而这些变化,在当今,依旧为英语单词的丰富而贡献着力量。我们就一起来学习一下主流的英语构词法:
在悠久的英语语言变迁中,单词的产生与丰富主要源于以下三种构词方法:compounding合成法;conversion转换法;derivation派生法。
compounding 合成法
合成法是把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新单词的构词法。有的可以直接写在一起构成一个新单词,还有的在词与词之间用连字符“-”构成一个新单词,这个词叫做复合词。
(1)名词+名词
a. 复合名词的主要构成方式
airport 机场
classroom 教室
arms race 军事竞赛
silkworm 蚕
air conditioner 空调
air raid 空袭
brain drain 人才流失
car park 停车场
generation gap 代沟
hire purchase 分期付款
greenhouse effect 温室效应
labor 1 market 劳动市场
youth hostel 2 青年旅店
(2)形容词+名词
a. 复合名词的主要构成方式
central bank 中央银行
shorthand 速记
natural resources自然资源
social security 社会保险
stainless 3 steel 不锈钢
(3)v-ing+名词
a. 复合名词的主要构成方式
driving license 4 驾驶执照
swimming-pool 游泳池
washing machine 洗衣机
central heating 集中供暖
family planning 计划生育
forehead 额,前额
reading-room 阅览室
(4)动词+名词
a. 复合名词的主要构成方式
pickpocket 扒手
break-water 防洪堤

n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦
  • We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
  • He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后,他已经疲惫不堪了。
n.(学生)宿舍,招待所
  • I lived in a hostel while I was a student.我求学期间住在青年招待所里。
  • He says he's staying at a Youth Hostel.他说他现住在一家青年招待所。
adj.无瑕疵的,不锈的
  • I have a set of stainless knives and forks.我有一套不锈钢刀叉。
  • Before the recent political scandal,her reputation had been stainless.在最近的政治丑闻之前,她的名声是无懈可击的。
n.执照,许可证,特许;v.许可,特许
  • The foreign guest has a license on the person.这个外国客人随身携带执照。
  • The driver was arrested for having false license plates on his car.司机由于使用假车牌而被捕。
标签: 英语PK台
学英语单词
adenosinetriphosphatases
alienated man
annular ligament of radius
antiglioma
aquae frigida
arithmetic assignment
Athenae
avidin-biotin technique
avolitional
be alike to
behavioral chain
Benghazi
bosmere
camera record
Carlos Chavez
CB-3025
cerographic
chasing of go-devil
Chipepo
ciathermic heating
circle out
coccidologists
Colcin
Corydalis elata
Crawley
diarsen te
dramatic form
driverless vehicle
dubieties
Durannies
electromechanical interaction
endometrial cycle
erythrozyme
excavating plough
fertility decline
floating sludge
Fluhmann's tests
genital lobes
glyparamide
god's-eye
holimonth
immunotargets
in the bloom of...
jacket gauge
lady-help
leitmotifs
madagascoside
magnesium (mg)
mail fraud
make up water pump
marine seismic cable
McCoy Air Force Base
method of magnitude estimation
minimum reflex ratio
MP (maintenance period)
Nieafenine
non-aerated flow
onde
operating instruction
optimality principle
oratorias
output transformer
oxidizing acid value
Parchen discharge
plane departure
production account
pseudosutural foveae
pulleyless
purple twilight
quintessentialises
radial bearing
radiolytic weight loss
random number generation
rayon pulp
re-entry speed
reciprocal help
red ender
regular recourse
resistance to bond
rybeck
sharp-toothed eel
short-period seiche
show the lions
sly as a fox
smell round/about
socket bushing
software element
subacute fatal hepatitis
tamper-evident
tellenberg
tertiary road
the full
tmhmm
trail line
travel limiter
trepipam
van zeeland
wandering gallbladder
water pollution index
white finished sheet
Wiederitzsch
zone of ambiguity