时间:2019-01-16 作者:英语课 分类:英语PK台


英语课

 英语三大构词法


据统计,在莎士比亚时代,英语单词总量大约为十四万个,而到了伊丽莎白二世时期,英语单词量已经达到三十三万个,而现在,英语单词量竟然以超过百万。那么,单词量的核裂变似的增长,是一种疯狂的、毫无逻辑的野蛮生长,还是有章可循呢?事实上,英语单词的变化,经历了以下几个阶段,而这些变化,在当今,依旧为英语单词的丰富而贡献着力量。我们就一起来学习一下主流的英语构词法:
在悠久的英语语言变迁中,单词的产生与丰富主要源于以下三种构词方法:compounding合成法;conversion转换法;derivation派生法。
compounding 合成法
合成法是把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新单词的构词法。有的可以直接写在一起构成一个新单词,还有的在词与词之间用连字符“-”构成一个新单词,这个词叫做复合词。
(1)名词+名词
a. 复合名词的主要构成方式
airport 机场
classroom 教室
arms race 军事竞赛
silkworm 蚕
air conditioner 空调
air raid 空袭
brain drain 人才流失
car park 停车场
generation gap 代沟
hire purchase 分期付款
greenhouse effect 温室效应
labor 1 market 劳动市场
youth hostel 2 青年旅店
(2)形容词+名词
a. 复合名词的主要构成方式
central bank 中央银行
shorthand 速记
natural resources自然资源
social security 社会保险
stainless 3 steel 不锈钢
(3)v-ing+名词
a. 复合名词的主要构成方式
driving license 4 驾驶执照
swimming-pool 游泳池
washing machine 洗衣机
central heating 集中供暖
family planning 计划生育
forehead 额,前额
reading-room 阅览室
(4)动词+名词
a. 复合名词的主要构成方式
pickpocket 扒手
break-water 防洪堤

n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦
  • We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
  • He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后,他已经疲惫不堪了。
n.(学生)宿舍,招待所
  • I lived in a hostel while I was a student.我求学期间住在青年招待所里。
  • He says he's staying at a Youth Hostel.他说他现住在一家青年招待所。
adj.无瑕疵的,不锈的
  • I have a set of stainless knives and forks.我有一套不锈钢刀叉。
  • Before the recent political scandal,her reputation had been stainless.在最近的政治丑闻之前,她的名声是无懈可击的。
n.执照,许可证,特许;v.许可,特许
  • The foreign guest has a license on the person.这个外国客人随身携带执照。
  • The driver was arrested for having false license plates on his car.司机由于使用假车牌而被捕。
标签: 英语PK台
学英语单词
.mu
a crab
Ammarfjallet
amphetamine poisoning
arteriae rectalis media
audience chamber
back off compensate
backmasked
baliage
balloon interest
beef flaps
bengough-stuart process
Buda-Kashalyova
calyculi
cap-tain
caput-medusae
cells/ml
corkscrew yarn
counterdraw
cross-dollar
cyclic oscillations parallel to the center line of the vehicle
damping term
dichodontium pellucidum
diffuse double layer
dip magnetic
dressing bit tong
duodecane
electron beam machining tool
extra-cost
fauts
ferreted
field decelerating relay
formiminotransferase
furor epilepticus
Geritol generation
glass lamp chimney
hear a claim
Heriot Bay
high-pressure selling
horsechoe screen
Huasteco
in bad graces
in vessels subjected to external pressure
intermediate massif
iridodiagnostic
Japanesely
khaki fabrics
Kop
lac vaccinum
Lesueur I.
lunar roving vehicle
margin-release control
meanwhile
mechanical behavior of driving force
medial tarsal arteries
Morro, R.
multiple proportion
Namti
NC-thread
non-writing
number agreement
occurse
orientine
over-indulges
overfyll
pachypodous
paparazzis
phosphorus salt
pipelined digital architecture
pre-disease
principal axis transformation
program location counter
projectile airburst simulator
Punti
push-button cord rewinder
raftered
remote supervisory
resonance loop
rhizoma anemarrhenae
Ribérac
rubber gel
rubgy
s.e.m.
sanqul
scientific education
sight tracking line
silver-grey
stern-loading ferry
sundry customers
tabb
take something the wrong way
telegraph equation
thoracoscopic
top cat
Trademark Registration Treaty
trialkyl-arsine hydroxychloride
uncart
Valvträsk
walie
webbed penis
working plan area
zero pressure gradient