时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:北外翻译笔记


英语课

   二、 修辞格的译法


  翻译英语修辞格力求译文能有效地再现原文的修辞效果,否则译文即使在大意上与原文差不多,也会使原文的精神和风格受损,削弱语言的表达力。一般说来,修辞格的翻译原则是形似不如神似重要。要做到这一点有时可以采取直译,因为英汉两种语言在修辞手法上存在某些惊人的相似之处;但有时仅靠直译是不行的,因为英汉两种语言还存在着许多差异。无视这些差异而采用直译不但不能保持原文中修辞格的神韵,反而会歪曲原作的意思,造成译文语言晦涩难懂。这时译者就得借助其他翻译技巧,根据具体情况灵活地改换原文的某些修辞手法,使译文符合译入语的语言规范和表述习惯。总的说来,英语辞格的译法主要有直译、加注、释义、归化、切分、数种译法并用等。
  A. 直译
  在英汉两种语言的修辞手法和比喻形象无甚差异的情况下,就可采用直译。直译既可传达原文的意义,又可保持原文的修辞风格,丰富译文的语言表达力。例如:
  (1)They were only crying crocodile tears at the old man's funeral because nobody had really liked him.在老头子的葬礼上,他们只不过挤了几滴鳄鱼的眼泪,因为老头子在世时他们都不喜欢他。
  (2) The book set off a firestorm of reaction.这本书引起风暴般的反应。
  (3) Among so many well-dressed and cultured people, the country girl felt like a fish out of water. 同这么多穿着体面而又有教养的人在一起, 这位乡下姑娘颇有如鱼离水之感。
  (4) I would my horse had the speed of your tongue.但愿我的马有你的嘴那样快。
  (5)I deserve neither such praise nor such censure 1.这样的夸奖我担当不起,这样的责备我也担待不起。
  (6)On the 14th of March, at a quarter to three in the afternoon, the greatest living thinker ceased to think.3月14日下午两点三刻,当代最伟大的思想家停止思想了。
  B. 加注
  加注也是丰富译入语语言表达法的一种有效方法。它既能传达原文的意思和神韵, 又能扩展读者的知识面。尤其当原文所用的典故在上下文中起比较重要的作用时,使用加注能收到较好的效果。例如:
  (1) Christ, to hear some of those sailors' myths, you'd think bloody 2 Fort Knox was on every ship that sailed. 天哪,要是听信有些水手的胡说八道,你会以为每条出海的船上都有该死的诺克斯堡哩。
  (注:诺克斯堡是美国的一个军事保留地,是美国黄金仓库的所在地。)
  (2) They did not reopen the Pandora's Box they had peeked 3 into in 1972.
  他们在1972年曾挖掘过这些丑事,如今却不再打开这个潘朵拉的盒子。
  (注:潘朵拉的盒子原自希腊神话故事,里面藏有许多能给人们带来不幸的事物。)
  (3)-Why are parliamentary reports called "Blue Books"?
  ——Because they are never red.
  ──为什么议会报告称为"蓝皮书"?
  ──因为他们从来就不是红的。(注:red和read谐音,实际上是指"从来没有人读它们")
  C. 释义
  由于许多英语修辞手法或比喻形象本身是特有的,如保留其形就会危害其义。如头韵法,其搭配可以千变万化,很难碰巧找到相同的汉语搭配,即使勉强凑韵,也不一定能表达原文的意思。这时就必须首先保证译文能正确传达原文的思想内容,然后再尽一切可能去表现原文的节奏和旋律。如英语明喻as rich as Croesus,如译成"富得像科里瑟斯",读者会十分费解,不知Croesus是何许人也。如果加注,说明Croesus是公元6世纪小亚细亚吕底亚国王,十分富有。读者虽然能明白了该词的意思,却极易分散他们阅读的主要注意力, 因此不如干脆意译为" 极为富有",不必顾及其修辞手法。 其他例子还有:
  as drunk as a fiddler酩町大醉 (在英格兰早期文化生活中, 民间小提琴手在公共场合为舞蹈伴奏, 人们往往以酒酬谢,小提琴手因此每每喝得大醉。这种奇特的比喻只好意译。)
  (1)They prolonged the clasp for the photographers, exchanging smiling words.他们延长握手的时间,让摄影师照相,同时微笑着交谈。(英语transferred epithet——汉语无修辞格)
  (3)You want your pound of flesh, don't you?你要逼债,是吗?(英语allusion ——汉语无修辞格)
  (4)I spoke 4 to them in hesitant English.我结结巴巴用英语对他们说。(英语transferred epithet——汉语无修辞格)
  (5)He is the mouth of the House in its relations with the Crown.他是议会对王室的发言人。(英语metonymy——汉语无修辞格)
  (6) Clearly a tug 5 of war over key policies continues between the pragmatic and ideological 6 camps.不言而喻, 注重务实的和强调意识形态的两大营垒还会在重大政策上争吵不休。(英语metaphor——汉语无修辞格)

v./n.责备;非难;责难
  • You must not censure him until you know the whole story.在弄清全部事实真相前不要谴责他。
  • His dishonest behaviour came under severe censure.他的不诚实行为受到了严厉指责。
adj.非常的的;流血的;残忍的;adv.很;vt.血染
  • He got a bloody nose in the fight.他在打斗中被打得鼻子流血。
  • He is a bloody fool.他是一个十足的笨蛋。
v.很快地看( peek的过去式和过去分词 );偷看;窥视;微露出
  • She peeked over the top of her menu. 她从菜单上往外偷看。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • On two occasions she had peeked at him through a crack in the wall. 她曾两次透过墙缝窥视他。 来自辞典例句
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说
  • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
  • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
v.用力拖(或拉);苦干;n.拖;苦干;拖船
  • We need to tug the car round to the front.我们需要把那辆车拉到前面。
  • The tug is towing three barges.那只拖船正拖着三只驳船。
a.意识形态的
  • He always tries to link his study with his ideological problems. 他总是把学习和自己的思想问题联系起来。
  • He helped me enormously with advice on how to do ideological work. 他告诉我怎样做思想工作,对我有很大帮助。
标签: 翻译 笔记
学英语单词
abuten
air lifting
aircraft repair ship
allstate
amino-arsenoxide
ammonia-maser-spectrum analyzer
anabelcia taiwana
Apollo propulsion development facility
atomic-beam resonance
baldanza
basking-shark
bear away
benedict equation of state
bleeder network
bubble-type-flow counter
choledochotomy
complete predicate
contraindicator
conventional stage
cpa examination
Cruoriaceae
Cyoctol
cytochrome a3
dance society
Dufresne, L.
electron-collection counter
father rule
field guns
flanged plate
fold your arms
FRACGP
gassest
genus Psetta
gold specie standard
Guarga, R.
hemiptelea davidii(hance) planch.
hieroglyphs
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humorings
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idle time report
inclined clarifier
interlocking phenomenon
jezekite
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list technique
Mariahu
Mezzanine fund
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Montbrió de Tarragona
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on-screen editing
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wheel mill bed
work holder