时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:北外翻译笔记


英语课

   二、 修辞格的译法


  翻译英语修辞格力求译文能有效地再现原文的修辞效果,否则译文即使在大意上与原文差不多,也会使原文的精神和风格受损,削弱语言的表达力。一般说来,修辞格的翻译原则是形似不如神似重要。要做到这一点有时可以采取直译,因为英汉两种语言在修辞手法上存在某些惊人的相似之处;但有时仅靠直译是不行的,因为英汉两种语言还存在着许多差异。无视这些差异而采用直译不但不能保持原文中修辞格的神韵,反而会歪曲原作的意思,造成译文语言晦涩难懂。这时译者就得借助其他翻译技巧,根据具体情况灵活地改换原文的某些修辞手法,使译文符合译入语的语言规范和表述习惯。总的说来,英语辞格的译法主要有直译、加注、释义、归化、切分、数种译法并用等。
  A. 直译
  在英汉两种语言的修辞手法和比喻形象无甚差异的情况下,就可采用直译。直译既可传达原文的意义,又可保持原文的修辞风格,丰富译文的语言表达力。例如:
  (1)They were only crying crocodile tears at the old man's funeral because nobody had really liked him.在老头子的葬礼上,他们只不过挤了几滴鳄鱼的眼泪,因为老头子在世时他们都不喜欢他。
  (2) The book set off a firestorm of reaction.这本书引起风暴般的反应。
  (3) Among so many well-dressed and cultured people, the country girl felt like a fish out of water. 同这么多穿着体面而又有教养的人在一起, 这位乡下姑娘颇有如鱼离水之感。
  (4) I would my horse had the speed of your tongue.但愿我的马有你的嘴那样快。
  (5)I deserve neither such praise nor such censure 1.这样的夸奖我担当不起,这样的责备我也担待不起。
  (6)On the 14th of March, at a quarter to three in the afternoon, the greatest living thinker ceased to think.3月14日下午两点三刻,当代最伟大的思想家停止思想了。
  B. 加注
  加注也是丰富译入语语言表达法的一种有效方法。它既能传达原文的意思和神韵, 又能扩展读者的知识面。尤其当原文所用的典故在上下文中起比较重要的作用时,使用加注能收到较好的效果。例如:
  (1) Christ, to hear some of those sailors' myths, you'd think bloody 2 Fort Knox was on every ship that sailed. 天哪,要是听信有些水手的胡说八道,你会以为每条出海的船上都有该死的诺克斯堡哩。
  (注:诺克斯堡是美国的一个军事保留地,是美国黄金仓库的所在地。)
  (2) They did not reopen the Pandora's Box they had peeked 3 into in 1972.
  他们在1972年曾挖掘过这些丑事,如今却不再打开这个潘朵拉的盒子。
  (注:潘朵拉的盒子原自希腊神话故事,里面藏有许多能给人们带来不幸的事物。)
  (3)-Why are parliamentary reports called "Blue Books"?
  ——Because they are never red.
  ──为什么议会报告称为"蓝皮书"?
  ──因为他们从来就不是红的。(注:red和read谐音,实际上是指"从来没有人读它们")
  C. 释义
  由于许多英语修辞手法或比喻形象本身是特有的,如保留其形就会危害其义。如头韵法,其搭配可以千变万化,很难碰巧找到相同的汉语搭配,即使勉强凑韵,也不一定能表达原文的意思。这时就必须首先保证译文能正确传达原文的思想内容,然后再尽一切可能去表现原文的节奏和旋律。如英语明喻as rich as Croesus,如译成"富得像科里瑟斯",读者会十分费解,不知Croesus是何许人也。如果加注,说明Croesus是公元6世纪小亚细亚吕底亚国王,十分富有。读者虽然能明白了该词的意思,却极易分散他们阅读的主要注意力, 因此不如干脆意译为" 极为富有",不必顾及其修辞手法。 其他例子还有:
  as drunk as a fiddler酩町大醉 (在英格兰早期文化生活中, 民间小提琴手在公共场合为舞蹈伴奏, 人们往往以酒酬谢,小提琴手因此每每喝得大醉。这种奇特的比喻只好意译。)
  (1)They prolonged the clasp for the photographers, exchanging smiling words.他们延长握手的时间,让摄影师照相,同时微笑着交谈。(英语transferred epithet——汉语无修辞格)
  (3)You want your pound of flesh, don't you?你要逼债,是吗?(英语allusion ——汉语无修辞格)
  (4)I spoke 4 to them in hesitant English.我结结巴巴用英语对他们说。(英语transferred epithet——汉语无修辞格)
  (5)He is the mouth of the House in its relations with the Crown.他是议会对王室的发言人。(英语metonymy——汉语无修辞格)
  (6) Clearly a tug 5 of war over key policies continues between the pragmatic and ideological 6 camps.不言而喻, 注重务实的和强调意识形态的两大营垒还会在重大政策上争吵不休。(英语metaphor——汉语无修辞格)

v./n.责备;非难;责难
  • You must not censure him until you know the whole story.在弄清全部事实真相前不要谴责他。
  • His dishonest behaviour came under severe censure.他的不诚实行为受到了严厉指责。
adj.非常的的;流血的;残忍的;adv.很;vt.血染
  • He got a bloody nose in the fight.他在打斗中被打得鼻子流血。
  • He is a bloody fool.他是一个十足的笨蛋。
v.很快地看( peek的过去式和过去分词 );偷看;窥视;微露出
  • She peeked over the top of her menu. 她从菜单上往外偷看。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • On two occasions she had peeked at him through a crack in the wall. 她曾两次透过墙缝窥视他。 来自辞典例句
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说
  • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
  • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
v.用力拖(或拉);苦干;n.拖;苦干;拖船
  • We need to tug the car round to the front.我们需要把那辆车拉到前面。
  • The tug is towing three barges.那只拖船正拖着三只驳船。
a.意识形态的
  • He always tries to link his study with his ideological problems. 他总是把学习和自己的思想问题联系起来。
  • He helped me enormously with advice on how to do ideological work. 他告诉我怎样做思想工作,对我有很大帮助。
标签: 翻译 笔记
学英语单词
alpha-proton reaction
alpinia officinarum
alterna-
answer-back signal
archimimes
Arequipite
as like as chalk to cheese
autonomous amplitude limiter
autoregressive deconvolution
avantgardistic
benzhydryl amine
Bermudian rig
bertalanffies
biennial bearing
bitser
blue tulips
Booth, Edwin (Thomas)
brass instrument
bus-fare
casting surface
cherogrils
Chinese lexicology
CORDAT
craplets
critical melting point
descended upon
DIS/SEC
ephedine
epidermolysis acquisita
ethenylene
Ferospace
fibre optic memory
film disk
floating sludge
flobber
fluorocomplex
free-response
gamed
gastrostyle
good wishes
Gr. S.
gradient projection method
graduates
hemochromatosis
hunting-cat
hydroxy-malonic acid
hyperboloidal mirror
industrially advanced country
Kirovskaya
Lytton, Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer-,lst Baron Lytton
manograph
Mansonia annulatus
mid ordinate
miediling
modulation formats
native vermilion
onerari non debet
orizio
part-time bowler
peltate tentacle
pigeonhole principle
point-contact
polychromism
postboat
preemulsion
primary tentacle
promote the sale of products
Pueblan
rail loading machine
renal fibroid sarcoma
rescue cutter
rich chromium ball bearing steel wire
rio bravoes
rogueish
Sarcosperma arboreum
scientific notation
search frequency generator
second reserve
signal instructions
smart structure technology
sodium dodecylsulfate
spelye
square normal closed double head wrench
steam-powers
steering engine valve
subnuclear particle
subsizar
Syringa julianae
tarsal pulvilli
text-understanding
twin-cams
unnarratable
uova
vacuum diffusion pump
valley girls
varitypers
Villiers
vinylcarbenoids
vizament
walruslike
Web Pad
withametelins