时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:北外翻译笔记


英语课

   D. 归化


  有些英语的修辞格译成汉语时,可以换用符合汉语习惯的其他辞格或是改变原文中比喻形象,使译文在思想上忠实于原作、风格和神韵上尽量求得与原文相接近的效果。例如:
  (1) He was so fond of talking that his comrades nicknamed him "magpie 1".
  他如此唠叨,同伴们给他起了个"麻雀"的外号。(汉语中"喜鹊"喻义喜事、吉利、运气,而英语中喻义却是唠叨、饶舌,于是取汉语中联想效果对应的比喻)
  (2) "Don't be scared, chickens!" came her voice with teasing gaiety.
  "别害怕, 你们这些胆小如鼠的东西!"只听得她用戏谑的口气说道。(英语中鸡是懦弱、胆怯的代名词, 汉语中的鸡却无法引起人们这种联想,于是换成老鼠形象。)
  (3)It is regrettable that our appeal remained a dead letter.遗憾的是,我们当时的呼吁石沉大海。
  (4) And I suppose she'll tell all the boys, the old cat. 我猜想她会告诉所有的男人,这个长舌的老太婆!(英语中猫常用来比喻恶毒的女人)
  (5) Up and down he walked, up and down across the library floor.他在书房里走过来又走过去,走过来又走过去。(英语anastrophe——汉语顺成结构)
  (6)In the past 12 months the word has watched with disbelief and dismay the acceleration 2 of force and violence in the region.过去的十二个月里,全世界惊愕莫名地和难以置信地看到了这个地区正在加速使用武力和暴力。(英语alliter-ation——汉语对偶法)
  (7)Mrs. Macbeth has a heart as hard as flint.麦克白夫人生来一副铁石心肠。(英语simile——汉语隐语)
  E. 切分
  有些英语修辞格(特别是那些句子结构上的修辞格)难以采用对应的汉语辞格来翻译,有时有必要使用切分的办法来译,以便使译文符合汉语的规范和表达习惯。例如:
  (1)She lost her heart and necklace at a ball.
  在一次舞会上, 她倾心爱上了一个人, 但却丢失了她的项链。
  (2) He was restlessly tired, even as he lay in bed.他累了,然而一点也不安宁,即使躺在床上也还是这样。
  (3)Franklin Roosevelt listened with bright-eyed smiling attention.罗斯福目光炯炯,面带微笑,聚精会神地听着。
  F.数种译法并用
  有些英语修辞格译成汉语时有时需要数种译法并用才能译成漂亮的汉语。例如:
  (1)…when I and my sorrows are dust.当我的尸骨化为尘土,我的哀愁化作清风时…… (英语zeugma——汉译采用分译和归化)
  (2)Civilization is syphilization!世界愈文明,梅毒愈蔓延。(英语pun——汉语采用分译和释义)
  (3)From their slopes flow streams feeding the oases 3 strung along the rim 4 of inland deserts. 条条溪水,潺潺而下,滋润着镶嵌于内陆沙漠边缘的片片绿洲。(英语alliteration和assonance——汉语使用叠词、象声词、分译)
  G.英语原文无修辞格,翻译成汉语时用修辞格
  有时原文中没有修辞格,但译成汉语时为了使语言表达生动活泼,译文中可以适当增加汉语修辞手法,例如:
  (1)He determined 5 to satisfy himself of the real state of the case.他决心把事情弄个水落石出。
  (2)I judge that there was going to be a crash by and by, but I was in now and must swim across or drown.我猜想迟早会有一天西洋镜有被拆穿,可是我既已下水,就不得不泅过水去,否则就会淹死。
  (3)Flowers bloom all over the yard.朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。

n.喜欢收藏物品的人,喜鹊,饶舌者
  • Now and then a magpie would call.不时有喜鹊的叫声。
  • This young man is really a magpie.这个年轻人真是饶舌。
n.加速,加速度
  • All spacemen must be able to bear acceleration.所有太空人都应能承受加速度。
  • He has also called for an acceleration of political reforms.他同时呼吁加快政治改革的步伐。
n.(沙漠中的)绿洲( oasis的名词复数 );(困苦中)令人快慰的地方(或时刻);乐土;乐事
  • There was a hundred miles between the two oases. 这两片绿洲间有一百英里。 来自辞典例句
  • Where underground water comes to the surface, there are oases. 地下水流到地表的地方,就成为了绿洲。 来自互联网
n.(圆物的)边,轮缘;边界
  • The water was even with the rim of the basin.盆里的水与盆边平齐了。
  • She looked at him over the rim of her glass.她的目光越过玻璃杯的边沿看着他。
adj.坚定的;有决心的
  • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
  • He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
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Asia-Europe Environmental Technology Center
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