北外翻译笔记 第26课 翻译疑点--形合法和意合法(2)
时间：2019-01-08 作者：英语课 分类：北外翻译笔记
C. 复合句
（1） When I was reading a book, she came in. 我正在看书，她进来了。
（2） I'll let you know as soon as it is arranged. 一安排好就通知你。
（3） It has been a long time since I saw you. 好久不见了。
（4） As she talked on she got more and more excited. 她越讲越兴奋。
（5） I knew nothing about it until he told me. 他告诉我了我才知道。
（6） Come when you are free. 有空就来。
（7） If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了， 春天还会远吗？
（8） He was a free-will agent and he chose to do careful work, and if he failed, he took the responsibility without subterfuge 1.他是个自有主意的人,干活就要认真干好， 没干好， 他就承担责任， 决不借故推委。
（9） There was something remarkable 2 in his manner of doing so, though I could not have said for my life what.他这一举一动我总觉得有点奇特，奇特在哪里我又说不上。
（10） Whatever you like to eat, just tell me.想吃什么， 只管告诉我。
（11） A wind blows so bitterly that the orphanage 3 boys reach the door with fingers stiff in an agony of numbness 4. 在呼啸的寒风中， 孤儿院的男孩将一份份牛奶端到育婴房去， 一天得跑两趟呢。 他们走到门口时， 手指冻得僵硬， 一点儿都不听使唤。
（12）） At daylight I was half wakened by the sound of chopping. Again it was so even in texture 5 that I went back to sleep. 第2天黎明时分， 一阵劈柴声搅得我似醒非醒。 那拍子依然不紧不慢， 又把我带回梦乡。
（13） The cook turned pale, and asked the housemaid to shut the door, who asked Brittle 6, who asked the tinker, who pretended not to hear.厨子的脸发起白来， 要使唤丫头把门关上， 丫头叫布利特尔去，布利特尔叫补锅匠去，补锅匠却装着没听见。
二、采用形合法
意合法虽然是汉语的主要特征， 但这并不意味着英语的形合句译成汉语时统统得用意合法。事实上现代汉语也具有形合的特征，所不同的只这一形式特点不及意合法那么显著而已。汉语中有不少表示因果、目的、转折、条件等逻辑连接词或起关连作用的副词，如"由于、因此、以至、与其……不如、既…又…、只要.…就.…、才…"等，它们能使汉语句子成分和句子与句子之间的逻辑关系更加清晰，不易产生歧义。含有这些连接词的句子与一些意合句相比措辞上显得更加正式、语气更加庄严。英译汉时，如果采用意合法来翻译会造成句意费解、逻辑白明，就可采用形合法来翻译。例如：
（1） I can't tell you anything when you won't listen. 既然你不听， 我就什么也不对你说。
（2） She has her weakness, but that doesn't mean she is not qualified 7 for the job. 她有缺点但这并不是说她不能胜任这项工作。
（3） You don't have to worry as long as we are here. 只要我们在你就别担心。
（4） Since I shall be here again tomorrow, I won't wait any longer. 反正我明天还来， 现在就不等了。
（5） Hardly had we started off when it began to rain. 我们刚要出发就下雨了。
（6） Elsie, flushed with pride, happiness, and the sweet champagne 8 and already looking more of a Dulver, was compelled to respond. 埃尔西由于骄傲、喜悦， 又喝了几杯甜香槟酒而脸色通红， 更象达尔佛家的人了。现在她只好站起来致答词。
（7） In the 1950s most Americans believed parents should stay in an unhappy marriage to avoid damaging the children.在50年代， 多数美国人认为， 做父母的即使婚姻不美满， 也要维持下去， 以免伤害孩子。
其次，我们还可以采用形合法翻译英语中一些带有意合特征的句子或汉语与之"形似"的句子。
（1） A clear conscience laughs at false accusations 9. 只要问心无愧，别人的指责可以一笑置之。
（2） Winter finds out what summer lays by. 到了冬天才知道夏天储存东西的重要。
（3） His youth got him off. 由于他年轻， 他得到了宽恕。
（4） With all his shortcomings, he was a conscientious 10 worker.尽管他有缺点， 但工作却是勤勤恳恳的。
（5） The book sells well. 书卖得好。
（6） The cloth needs cleaning. 衣服要洗了
- European carping over the phraseology represented a mixture of hypocrisy and subterfuge.欧洲在措词上找岔子的做法既虚伪又狡诈。
- The Independents tried hard to swallow the wretched subterfuge.独立党的党员们硬着头皮想把这一拙劣的托词信以为真。
- She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
- These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。
- They dispensed new clothes to the children in the orphanage.他们把新衣服发给孤儿院的小孩们。
- They gave the proceeds of the sale to the orphanage.他们把销售的收入给了这家孤儿院。
- She was fighting off the numbness of frostbite. 她在竭力摆脱冻僵的感觉。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Sometimes they stay dead, causing' only numbness. 有时，它们没有任何反应，只会造成麻木。 来自时文部分
- We could feel the smooth texture of silk.我们能感觉出丝绸的光滑质地。
- Her skin has a fine texture.她的皮肤细腻。
- The pond was covered in a brittle layer of ice.池塘覆盖了一层易碎的冰。
- She gave a brittle laugh.她冷淡地笑了笑。
- He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
- We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。
- There were two glasses of champagne on the tray.托盘里有两杯香槟酒。
- They sat there swilling champagne.他们坐在那里大喝香槟酒。
- There were accusations of plagiarism. 曾有过关于剽窃的指控。
- He remained unruffled by their accusations. 对于他们的指控他处之泰然。
- He is a conscientious man and knows his job.他很认真负责，也很懂行。
- He is very conscientious in the performance of his duties.他非常认真地履行职责。