时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:北外翻译笔记


英语课

  这篇论说文的主题句是Science impinges upon ethics 1 in at least five different ways.作者分别从四个方面来说明这一主题思想,逻辑清晰、层次分明,读后让人一目了然。

翻译英语论说文,应注意以下几点

1) 理清原文的篇章结构。论说文的篇章结构往往较为复杂,因此在着手翻译前译者应首先分析一下原文的结构与布局,理清段与段之间的关系,以便从整体上把握全文的脉络。

2) 谨慎遣词造句。论说文在遣词造句上有其明显的特点,因此翻译中译者必须最大限度的体现原文在字、词、句方面的文体特征。在措词方面,一定要使译文与原文在语域上相适应。在句法方面,译文在避免翻译腔的同时应反映原文的句法特征,以体现论说文严谨、慎密的特点。此外,译文还应尽量再现原文的修辞特征,例如,原文如有排比结构,则译文也应设法以排比结构将之译出,以体现原文的气势与感染力。

3) 如果原文作者引经据典,译者在翻译中可采取加注或.释义的方法。如译一般论说文,以上2种方法则可视情况选用。如译演讲或发言,应以后一种方法为主。这主要是考虑到译文的语篇功能应与原文对等。当然,如果我们翻译一篇演讲或发言,只为他人参考或为了研究等别的目的,那么译者在处理典故时,不妨多用加注的方法,以便读者参考或弄清出处。

试看下面这篇论说文及其译文:

Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth 2 on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated 3 to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But in a large sense, we cannot dedicate - we cannot consecrate 4 - we cannot hallow - this ground. The brave men, who struggled here, have consecrated 5 it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here; but it can never forget what did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom - and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

八十七年前,我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家,它孕育于自由之中,奉行一切人生来平等的原则。

现在我们正从事一场伟大的内战,以考验这个国家,或者任何一个孕育于自由和奉行上述原则的国家是否能够长久存在下去。我们在这场战争中的一个伟大战场上集会。烈士们为使这个国家能够生存下去而献出了自己的生命,我们来到这里,是要把这个战场的一部分奉献给他们作为最后的安息之所。我们这样做是完全应该而且非常恰当的。

但是,从更广泛的意义上来说,这块土地我们不能够奉献,不能够圣化,不能够神化。那些曾在这里战斗过的勇士们,活着的和去世的,已经把这块土地圣化了,这远不是我们微薄的力量所能增减的。我们今天在这里所说的话,全世界不大会注意,也不会长久地记住,但勇士们在这里所做过的事,全世界将永志不忘。毋宁说,倒是我们这些还活着的人,应该在这里把自己奉献于仍然留在我们面前的的未竟的事业——我们要从这些光荣的死者身上汲取更多的献身精神,来完成他们已彻底为之献身的事业;我们要在这里下定更大的决心,不让这些死者白白牺牲;我们要使国家在上帝的福佑下得到自由的新生,要使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。

该段落节选自林肯的著名演说Gettysburg Address.原文措词精炼典雅,并较多地使用了书面用语(literary words);在句法上,文中句子长短交错,并频繁使用了一些复合结构,这使得演说呈现严谨的条理性和逻辑性;在修辞手法上,大量并列关系的词、词组和句子(及排比结构)的运用不仅使演讲气势磅礴,动人心扉,而且由于其整齐的句式和分明的节奏,也增强了演讲的感染力。译文在词法、句法及修辞方面紧跟原文,较好的体现了原文的意义与风格。如在措词上,译者较多地使用了诸如"先辈们"、"孕育"、"永志不忘","未竟的事业","汲取","福佑","永世长存"等富有文学色彩和感情色彩的词,这些词语的使用时的演讲显得庄重典雅,极富感染力。另一方面,在措词上译者还注意了选词的精炼,如"民有、民治、民享"三词言简意赅,可谓字字珠玑,堪称难得的佳译。在句子结构上,译文较好地控制了句子的长度与复杂性,使之显豁通达而不失庄重严谨。在修辞上,译者在译文中较好地体现了原文的排比结构,如"不能够……,不能够……,不能够……",和"我们要……;我们要……;我们要……"等。总之,由于译者准确地理解了原作的思想内容并较好地把握了其语言风格,同时在遣词造句及修辞等方面精雕细琢,紧跟原文,因而译文在内容上忠实达意,在表达上酣畅淋漓,在风格上简练凝重,充分再现了原文的思想与文题风格,堪称上乘之译作。译文在内容上忠实达意,在表达上酣畅淋漓,在风格上简练凝重,充分再现了原文的思想与文题风格,堪称上乘之译作。



n.伦理学;伦理观,道德标准
  • The ethics of his profession don't permit him to do that.他的职业道德不允许他那样做。
  • Personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes conflict.个人道德和职业道德有时会相互抵触。
adv.向前;向外,往外
  • The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
  • He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。
adj.一心一意的;献身的;热诚的
  • He dedicated his life to the cause of education.他献身于教育事业。
  • His whole energies are dedicated to improve the design.他的全部精力都放在改进这项设计上了。
v.使圣化,奉…为神圣;尊崇;奉献
  • Consecrate your life to the church.把你的生命奉献给教堂吧。
  • The priest promised God he would consecrate his life to helping the poor.牧师对上帝允诺他将献身帮助穷人。
adj.神圣的,被视为神圣的v.把…奉为神圣,给…祝圣( consecrate的过去式和过去分词 );奉献
  • The church was consecrated in 1853. 这座教堂于1853年祝圣。
  • They consecrated a temple to their god. 他们把庙奉献给神。 来自《简明英汉词典》
标签: 翻译 笔记
学英语单词
abstracting process
acoustic conductivity
anxious delirium
AOG
association of flight attendants
averett
bakir
benigna
biased diode
Bishkek
boysie
brace for
Canucks
capital letters
check gauge
compulsory education law
coralsnake
counter-controlled photograph
counterbalance
coxswin's box
croaks
damage control locker
decimal floating point value
deep fade
demissa
demolition expense
direct-writing oscillograph
disconnection register
dolders
double-ended break without separation
endoproteinases
family ostreidaes
final working drawings
flood tuff
forced warm air heating
fractionalize
go head to head
golda
governor of velocity
hyperfiber
i'nt
id-ul-fitr
independent-counsel
knapsack lever-type sprayer
labor and management
let out a sigh
load-magnitude
measured lubrication
medical frequency band
Mikir Hills
molecular sieves adsorbing tower
mould(mold)
neutral absorber
owego
pathomolecular
pluvionivation
positive displacement metering valve
President George W. Bush
print statement
priori restrictions
pugged clay
Pulex cheopis
quite circular in outline
reaction cycle
Reblochons
red coloration
reflux ratio
Rhamnoliquiritin
rhombohedral hemimorphic class
roll feeder surge bin
S5
Saussurea robusta
scruffled
Scutellaria oligophlebia
single step call transfer
Slǎnic Moldova
Sommerfeld theory
speywoods
Spinagnostus
Staggergrass
standard voltage generator
stauntonia obovata hemsl.
superficial dentin caries
supplementary log book
sympathies
symphysions
table look up instruction
tender negotiation
the means of relay protection
Thetford-Mines
time-current characteristics
torn-apart
triggering energy
uniformly most accurate confidence interval
unparasitized
vas communicans
Vasvar
Vazzola
velum medullary
voluntary payment
vouchsafed
worthiness