时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:北外翻译笔记


英语课

  (二) 英语小说的翻译

小说反映的是广阔的社会现实,因此翻译英语小说首先必须有着宽广的知识面,有着较为丰富的英语民族与国家的社会文化知识,如历史、地理、文学艺术、政治、宗教、体育、风土民情等等,这对于我们准确理解原著起着十分重要的作用。其次,译者必须具备一定的文学鉴赏力,在一定程度上,他应是一个文学批评家,原著的成败得失他都应悉熟于心。再者,译者必须对译入语驾轻就熟,有较高的母语表达能力,既要能对译出语意会,又要能用译入语言传。他应在遣词造句上下功夫,正确运用翻译技巧,避免使用过于欧化的句式以保证行文的连贯流畅。同时,译者还应深入分析原作的语言风格(如是正式的还是非正式的,是高雅的还是粗俗的,是口语化的还是书卷气十足的等)。最后还要提一下形象思维能力和想象能力,这两种能力的强弱会直接影响到译者对原文的理解和汉语表达。形象思维是作家的主要思维方式,想象力是小说家的重要禀赋,而好的译者应在这两个方面最大限度地接近作家。请看杨必所译萨克雷(W·M·Thackeray)的《名利场》(Vanity Fair)中的一个片段:

"I hate the whole house," continued Miss Sharp in a fury."I hope I may never set eyes on it again. I wish it were in the bottom of the Thames, I do; and if Miss Pinkerton were there, I wouldn't pick her out, that I wouldn't. O how I should like to see her floating in the water yonder, turban and all, with her train streaming after her, and her nose like the beak 1 of a wherry." 夏泼小姐狠狠地说道:"我恨透了这整个儿的学校。但愿我一辈子也别再看见它,我恨不得叫它沉到泰晤士河里去。倘若平克顿小姐掉在河里,我也不高兴捞她起来。我才不干呢!哈!我就爱看她在水里泡着,头上包着包头布,后面拖着个大裙子,鼻子像个小船似的浮在水面上。"

二、 散文的翻译

(一) 散文语言的特点

散文有广义与狭义之分。广义的散文是相对于韵文而言的,指除去韵文以外的所有文体。狭义的散文指那些记事、记人、抒发情感、发表议论的文章。本小节所讨论的散文是指狭义的散文,它与小说的主要区别在于它的非虚构性质。散文语言与小说中的叙事和议事语言十分相似,但更为清新自然、活泼灵秀、洗炼畅达,能带给人更多的美感。

(二) 散文的翻译

翻译散文,首先要准确把握原文的内容与风格,因为内容与风格是统一的。譬如英国早期的散文多为说明性文字、教育用文字和劝谕性文字,用古英语写成,以简洁朴实见长,且有明显的口语化倾向。另外要认真体会散文的时代风格与作家风格,如培根的散文多用排比并列句式,形式工整,而这同时也是英国十七世纪散文的一大修辞特点。十八世纪的散文,初中期口语化盛行,代表作家是艾迪生(Joseph Addison)和斯梯尔(Richard Steele),但到了末期却又转向典雅华丽。到了十九世纪,虽然一部分作家仍坚持散文朴实无华的特点,但在整个文学艺术界浪漫主义思潮的影响下,浪漫派散文似乎一直占据上风,作家常直抒胸臆,表现自己鲜明独特的个性。这类散文句式灵活、语言新颖,富有极强的感染力。其生动的比喻、强烈的节奏感、飞扬的文采形成了散文的时代特色。但进入二十世纪后,英国散文的主流又回到了以正规口语为基础的朴实自然语言。翻译英语散文时,对上述语言风格的变化不能不察。以下一例是刘炳善所译英国散文作家亨特(Leigh Hunt 1784-1859)的A Few Thoughts on Sleep的最后一小段:

Sleep is most graceful 2 in an infant; soundest, in one who has been tired in the open air; completest, to the seaman 3 after a hard voyage; most welcome, to the mind haunted with one idea; most touching 4 to look at, in the parent that has wept; lightest, in the playful child; proudest, in the bride adored.

婴儿的睡眠,最为优美;疲劳的人在户外睡眠,最为酣畅;水手在艰苦航程之后的睡眠,最为圆满;为某种意念所苦的人,对睡眠最为欢迎;哭泣后的母亲的睡眠,最动人心弦;一个顽皮小孩的睡眠,最为轻松;一个深受爱慕的新娘的睡眠,最为骄傲。



n.鸟嘴,茶壶嘴,钩形鼻
  • The bird had a worm in its beak.鸟儿嘴里叼着一条虫。
  • This bird employs its beak as a weapon.这种鸟用嘴作武器。
adj.优美的,优雅的;得体的
  • His movements on the parallel bars were very graceful.他的双杠动作可帅了!
  • The ballet dancer is so graceful.芭蕾舞演员的姿态是如此的优美。
n.海员,水手,水兵
  • That young man is a experienced seaman.那个年轻人是一个经验丰富的水手。
  • The Greek seaman went to the hospital five times.这位希腊海员到该医院去过五次。
adj.动人的,使人感伤的
  • It was a touching sight.这是一幅动人的景象。
  • His letter was touching.他的信很感人。
标签: 翻译 笔记
学英语单词
acid-digestion-fast
adverb preposing
algebraic compiler and translator i (act/i)
all or nothing check
amalgamation barrel
antenna insulator
anticatalase
arbitrary phase
barbatane
BARCIS
belover
body types
canvas shoes
center of glaciation
clay-strip forming technique
Cryptocarya chinensis
culture-based
cyathea podophylla
day-sun
delist
derquantel
detailed procedure
digital gaussmeter
divesting
drop scone
dukes of cumberland
Ehrlich's triacid stain
embarrassin'
encountering
endolympha
enucleation scissors
exercise censorship
factorial trials
fluorine pollution
folded potential
fre
gentleman's agreements
gley podzolic soils
got him
header-label
high pressure oscilloscope
high voltage testing transformer
high-pass filters
HMWD
hunger marchers
in the presidency of
jackknife mast
Jacobean
joint suretyship
lewa
library ethics
long-term interest-free loan
marine zoomorphology
maxillipeds
mccoun
mean chord length
measuring pressure basis
method-acting
mining room and pillar
multicivilizational
Mādevān
national maritime board
natural medicine
palaeoencephalon
phosphinotricin
phurbus
picked
piston ring belt
placental incarceration
plagioclase lherzolite
porphyry copper deposit
preflagellate
relugging
rengas
roman hyacinths
sail locker
schrags
scnts
sealanes
sheet-leveling machine
shikaki
siemens
sorbopyranose
sun blister
superdisk
supersonic wire drawing
Ternowskite
the dear knows
the tide
thumb slide rules
tibio-adductor reflex
trailed plow
transverse palmar arch
tutton
uninvite
unnippled
urogenital tuberculosis
Van Allen belts
wapello
weak formation
wear characteristic
YY1