时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:北外翻译笔记


英语课

  (二) 英语小说的翻译

小说反映的是广阔的社会现实,因此翻译英语小说首先必须有着宽广的知识面,有着较为丰富的英语民族与国家的社会文化知识,如历史、地理、文学艺术、政治、宗教、体育、风土民情等等,这对于我们准确理解原著起着十分重要的作用。其次,译者必须具备一定的文学鉴赏力,在一定程度上,他应是一个文学批评家,原著的成败得失他都应悉熟于心。再者,译者必须对译入语驾轻就熟,有较高的母语表达能力,既要能对译出语意会,又要能用译入语言传。他应在遣词造句上下功夫,正确运用翻译技巧,避免使用过于欧化的句式以保证行文的连贯流畅。同时,译者还应深入分析原作的语言风格(如是正式的还是非正式的,是高雅的还是粗俗的,是口语化的还是书卷气十足的等)。最后还要提一下形象思维能力和想象能力,这两种能力的强弱会直接影响到译者对原文的理解和汉语表达。形象思维是作家的主要思维方式,想象力是小说家的重要禀赋,而好的译者应在这两个方面最大限度地接近作家。请看杨必所译萨克雷(W·M·Thackeray)的《名利场》(Vanity Fair)中的一个片段:

"I hate the whole house," continued Miss Sharp in a fury."I hope I may never set eyes on it again. I wish it were in the bottom of the Thames, I do; and if Miss Pinkerton were there, I wouldn't pick her out, that I wouldn't. O how I should like to see her floating in the water yonder, turban and all, with her train streaming after her, and her nose like the beak 1 of a wherry." 夏泼小姐狠狠地说道:"我恨透了这整个儿的学校。但愿我一辈子也别再看见它,我恨不得叫它沉到泰晤士河里去。倘若平克顿小姐掉在河里,我也不高兴捞她起来。我才不干呢!哈!我就爱看她在水里泡着,头上包着包头布,后面拖着个大裙子,鼻子像个小船似的浮在水面上。"

二、 散文的翻译

(一) 散文语言的特点

散文有广义与狭义之分。广义的散文是相对于韵文而言的,指除去韵文以外的所有文体。狭义的散文指那些记事、记人、抒发情感、发表议论的文章。本小节所讨论的散文是指狭义的散文,它与小说的主要区别在于它的非虚构性质。散文语言与小说中的叙事和议事语言十分相似,但更为清新自然、活泼灵秀、洗炼畅达,能带给人更多的美感。

(二) 散文的翻译

翻译散文,首先要准确把握原文的内容与风格,因为内容与风格是统一的。譬如英国早期的散文多为说明性文字、教育用文字和劝谕性文字,用古英语写成,以简洁朴实见长,且有明显的口语化倾向。另外要认真体会散文的时代风格与作家风格,如培根的散文多用排比并列句式,形式工整,而这同时也是英国十七世纪散文的一大修辞特点。十八世纪的散文,初中期口语化盛行,代表作家是艾迪生(Joseph Addison)和斯梯尔(Richard Steele),但到了末期却又转向典雅华丽。到了十九世纪,虽然一部分作家仍坚持散文朴实无华的特点,但在整个文学艺术界浪漫主义思潮的影响下,浪漫派散文似乎一直占据上风,作家常直抒胸臆,表现自己鲜明独特的个性。这类散文句式灵活、语言新颖,富有极强的感染力。其生动的比喻、强烈的节奏感、飞扬的文采形成了散文的时代特色。但进入二十世纪后,英国散文的主流又回到了以正规口语为基础的朴实自然语言。翻译英语散文时,对上述语言风格的变化不能不察。以下一例是刘炳善所译英国散文作家亨特(Leigh Hunt 1784-1859)的A Few Thoughts on Sleep的最后一小段:

Sleep is most graceful 2 in an infant; soundest, in one who has been tired in the open air; completest, to the seaman 3 after a hard voyage; most welcome, to the mind haunted with one idea; most touching 4 to look at, in the parent that has wept; lightest, in the playful child; proudest, in the bride adored.

婴儿的睡眠,最为优美;疲劳的人在户外睡眠,最为酣畅;水手在艰苦航程之后的睡眠,最为圆满;为某种意念所苦的人,对睡眠最为欢迎;哭泣后的母亲的睡眠,最动人心弦;一个顽皮小孩的睡眠,最为轻松;一个深受爱慕的新娘的睡眠,最为骄傲。



n.鸟嘴,茶壶嘴,钩形鼻
  • The bird had a worm in its beak.鸟儿嘴里叼着一条虫。
  • This bird employs its beak as a weapon.这种鸟用嘴作武器。
adj.优美的,优雅的;得体的
  • His movements on the parallel bars were very graceful.他的双杠动作可帅了!
  • The ballet dancer is so graceful.芭蕾舞演员的姿态是如此的优美。
n.海员,水手,水兵
  • That young man is a experienced seaman.那个年轻人是一个经验丰富的水手。
  • The Greek seaman went to the hospital five times.这位希腊海员到该医院去过五次。
adj.动人的,使人感伤的
  • It was a touching sight.这是一幅动人的景象。
  • His letter was touching.他的信很感人。
标签: 翻译 笔记
学英语单词
amebic pericarditis
Audouin's microsporon
Azzaba
baked-apple berry
baroclinicity,barocliniay
berlichingen
bevel cutting
BMCT
chakra mandala (india)
Chernovtsy
CLA (communication line adapter)
close hold spacing
collapsed star
compagnons
condenser r-meter
consignment floater
copolymerized epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide rubber
corneter
current collecting equipment
dc transconductance
decimal control
decision under uncertainty
desacetyldigilanide C
diaphragm mask
diedtra
doblet
dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
Dunford
energy-intensive diffusion process
Entramin
exoterically
fan fiction
feher
feodary
flow rake
fluggeaninol
foros
frame tent
gapingly
girth of graph
grate chain
Gruneisen constant
gwerz
half-cardigan
hump signal
in real terms
in-the-round
interphase
isometric lines
kifts
labor organization
land fang
lap splice
legally
luxlx
magnetic pole migration
mathematitian
mathematized
monbiot
naturally-occurring
near-autocollimation arrangement
neutral-surface
nipcheese
of bad
ornosprostil
ossiphone
Oxyura jamaicensis
Palaeonodonta
paurometabilism
pocket print
pod-
preclud
primary photoelectric current
puckle
reliability policy
republics of iceland
Rhynchotechum discolor
Robamate
rocker rail
round-eye
runner-up
Sabine, Cape
shells out
ships-in-a-bottle
spasmotic constriction ring of uterus
Speccies
square cluster planter
stick one's finger in the pie
stipel
suspension module
Swedenborgianists
swimming ovary
synthetic rasin paint
thermo-esthesiometer
uk gal
unsymmetrical reagent
ups-and-down
ventricular insufficiency
whitworth screw thread gauge
Win-47203
yoke motion