【突破英文词汇】有关necessity“必要”的词汇

essence /ˈesns/
The union and management held a lengthy 1 meeting 
without getting to the essence of the men's dissatisfaction -- low wages. 
 
-- most necessary or significant part, aspect or feature; fundamental nature; core
 
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n. 本质；精髓
工会与管理层召开漫长的会议，
却无法触及工人不满的核心——低薪。
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prerequisite 2 /ˌpri:'rekwəzɪt/
A mark of at least 75% in Basic Art is a prerequisite for Advanced Art.
 
-- somthing required beforehand
 
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n. 先决条件
基础艺术得分在75分以上是续修高等艺术的先决条件。
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entail 3 /inˈteil/
Can your family afford the extra expense that a larger apartment entails 4?
 
-- involve as a necessary consequence; impose; require
 
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vt. 需要
你的家庭负担得起较大公寓所需的额外费用吗？
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necessitate 5 /nə'sesɪteɪt/
Mr. Brown told Ellen that her refusal to work necessitates 6 his sending for her parents.
 
-- make necessary; require; demand 
 
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vt. 需要
布朗先生告诉埃伦，他必须告诉他父母他拒绝工作的事。
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oblige /əˈblaidʒ/
If your friend were in trouble, wouldn't you feel obliged to go to his help?
 
-- compel; force; put under a duty or obiligation
 
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vi. 强迫；使负有义务
如果朋友有困难，你不觉得有义务帮他吗？
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obviate 7 /'ɒbvɪeɪt/
Helen has agreed to lend me the book I need. This obviates 8 my trip to the library.
 
-- make unnecessary; preclude 9
 
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vt. 排除；使不必要
海伦同意把我需要的书借给我，这使我不必跑图书馆了。
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compulsory 10 /kəmˈpʌlsəri/
State law makes attendence at school compulsory for children of certain ages.
 
-- required by authority; obligatory 11
 
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adj. 义务的；必须做的
州法律规定，达到一定年龄的小孩都必须上学。
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gratuitous 12 /ɡrə'tju:ɪtəs/
Were it not for your gratuitous interference, the children would have quickly settled their dispute.
 
-- uncalled for; unwarranted
 
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adj. 没必要的
要不是你多余的干涉，孩子们也许很快就会停止争论的。
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imperative 13 /ɪm'perətɪv/
If you failed a subject you need for graduation, it is imperative that you go to summer school.
 
-- not to be avoided; urgent; necessary; obligatory; compulsory
 
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adj. 必须的；紧急的
如果有一门必修课不及格，你就必须去上暑期学校。
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incumbent 14 /ɪn'kʌmbənt/
Dan felt it incumbent on him to pay for the window, since he had hit the ball that broke it.
 
-- (with on or upon) imposed as a duty; obligatory
 
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adj. 使负有义务的
丹觉得他有义务赔偿这块玻璃，因为这是他打球时弄破的。
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indispensable /ˌɪndisˈpensəbl/
We can do without luxuries and entertainment. 
However, food, shelter and clothing are indispensable.
 
-- absolutely necessary; essential
 
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adj. 不可缺少的
我们可以不要奢侈品和娱乐，
但是食物、住所和衣服却是不可缺少的，
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pressing /ˈpresɪŋ/
Before preparing for tomorrow's party, I have some more pressing matters to attend to,
such as finishing my report.
 
-- requiring immediate 15 attention; urgent
 
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adj. 急切的
在为明天的宴会做准备前，我有更急切的事要办，比如完成报告。
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superfluous 16 /su:ˈpɜ:fluəs/
Since we already have enough food for the picnic, 
please don't bring any because it will only be superfluous.
 
-- more than what is enough or necessary; surplus; excessive; unnecessary
 
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adj. 多余的
我们野餐所需的食物已经足够了，请别带任何吃的来，
因为那只会是多余的。
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