时间:2018-12-17 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语长难句讲解


英语课

2000 翻译延伸


5、Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration 1 movements — themselves made relatively 2 easy nowadays by modern means of transport.


【分析】


简单句。句子主干为stresses may occur。because of…作原因状语,其中arising from mass migration movements作problems的后置定语。破折号后的内容是对前面内容的补充说明,made前省略了系动词 are, themselves 指代前面的 mass migration movements。本句翻译成汉语时语序要做适当调整,可将because of …这一原因状语放到句首,或译成句子的主语,其中后置定语arising from…前置译;破折号后的内容可以括号的形式放在句中。


【点拨】


1、 arise from“由…产生,起因于”。2、means of transport“交通工具”。


【译文】


由于人□猛增或大量人口流动(现代化交通工具使这种流动相对容易)造成的种种问题,也会对社会造成新的压力。1999 翻译延伸


1、While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.


【分析】


多重复合句。while引导让步状语从句,从句中使用了 as…as…结构;主句主干是modern practice... conforms to one,后面是that引导的定语从句修饰one;定语从句中不定式短语to recreate and explain…作attempt 的后置定语。翻译时,as many definitions of history as there are historians直译是“就像有很多历史学家,也有那么多的定义”,为使译文更流畅,可意译为“每个历史学家都有自己的定义”;that引导的定语从句由于较长,可与前面的先行词合译为“(趋向于)认为…”;句末名词结构the attempt to…较长,可译为动词结构“试图”。


【点拨】


1、 while表让步,译为“虽然,尽管”。2、句中 history是“历史学”的意思。3、conforms to “遵守;按照;符合,与…一致”,本句中可译为“认为”。


【译文】


虽然几乎每个历史学家对历史学都有自己的定义,现代实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现和解释过去的重大史实的科学。


2、Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.


【分析】


简单句。本句主干结构是:Interest…has arisen。less through…和more from…是并列状语,翻译时按照汉语的表达习惯,二者应调换顺序。不定式短语to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline 作external challenge 的后置定语,介词短语 among historians themselves作internal quarrels的后置定语。由于后置定语较长,翻译时,两处名词结构可与其定语合译为独立的句子。


【点拨】


根据句子之间的逻辑关系,through和from可 译为“因为”。


【译文】


人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论,主要是因为史学界内部意见不一,其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。 



1 migration
n.迁移,移居,(鸟类等的)迁徙
  • Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
  • He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。
2 relatively
adv.比较...地,相对地
  • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
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