时间:2018-12-17 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语长难句讲解


英语课

 2002 翻译延伸


3、The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated 1 only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.
【分析】
并列句。and连接两个并列分句。前一个分句使用了被动语态,其主干是the role…was formulated...。the selective role由两个介词短语of…和in…修饰,翻译时均前置,作role的定语;only a little…ago是时间状语,翻译时将时间状语置于主句之前或谓语动词之前。后一个分句主干为 the role…is only beginning to be recognized and studied。主语 role 由形容词 selective 和 of the environment in… individual 修饰,翻译时译为role 的前置定语。
【点拨】
1、formulate 的意思是 to create sth. in a precise form“阐明”,此处不可译作“构想,规划”2、shape作动词时,意为“塑造”。
【译文】
自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明,而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。
4、They are the possessions of the autonomous 2 (self-gover-ning) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.
【分析】
并列复合句。and连接的两个并列分句。两个分句都是主系表结构:They are the possessions…和 they are essential…;两个分句的主语都是they。它们的上文是 Freedom and dignity illustrate 3 the difficulty。 后一分句中,定语从句in which…achievements修饰 practices。从句用的是被动语态,主语是a person,谓语是is held…和(is) given。根据汉语习惯,可以分别处理为:“一个人应该对自己的行为负责”和“—个人因…受到表扬、给予肯定”。
【点拨】
1、They是复数,因此可以确定它所指代的不是difficulty,而是 freedom 和 dignity。此外,(self-gover-ning)的作用是解释autonomous“自治的、自主的、自致管理的”两词意思基本一样,只翻译出一个即可。2、 possessions意为“拥有的东西”,在这里名词转译成动词“拥有”。3、practices的意思很多,如“练习、实践”等,在这里意思是“习惯,做法”,由于句中出现了这些“做法”的具体内容,“做法”在翻译时可以省略。4、 hold sb. responsible for“要某人负责…、让某人对…负责”。 5、give sb. credit for“某人因…而受到表扬”。
【译文】
它们为传统理论定义的自主人所拥有,是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。

1 formulated
v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 );规划;确切地阐述;用公式表示
  • He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
2 autonomous
adj.自治的;独立的
  • They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous province.他们自豪地宣布成为新自治省的一部分。
  • This is a matter that comes within the jurisdiction of the autonomous region.这件事是属于自治区权限以内的事务。
3 illustrate
v.举例说明,阐明;图解,加插图
  • The company's bank statements illustrate its success.这家公司的银行报表说明了它的成功。
  • This diagram will illustrate what I mean.这个图表可说明我的意思。
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