时间:2019-01-14 作者:英语课 分类:美国习惯用语


英语课

  上次我们学了几个由down这个词组成的习惯用语。今天再要讲的几个习惯说法也包括down, 而且还都是复合词。 Down这个词最基本的意思是“向下”或者“降低”。

今天要学的第一个习惯说法是:downplay。 Downplay这个习惯说法出现在四、五十年前,组成downplay这个复合词的第二部分是play,play这个词可以解释为“播放”音乐或者“弹奏”乐器。

这样说来downplay这个词原来的意思可以是低声地播放或者演奏。这也许就是downplay这个习惯说法的出典,当然作为习惯说法是取它的象征意义的。

我们听个例子来体会它的意思吧。说话的人在跟同事议论他们的老板。他们公司刚争取到一笔大生意的合同,那意味着公司的业务将大有发展,但是他看不惯老板宣布这条特大喜讯的方式。我们听听他怎么说:

例句-1:This will double our business for the next three years. But it's strange how much he downplayed such good news when he told us. Maybe he's afraid that we'll all ask him for higher salaries because we'll all have to work harder than now.

他说:这份生意合同在今后三年会把我们的业务加一倍,但是奇怪的是老板却轻描淡写地向我们宣告这么好的一条消息,可能是老板生怕我们都会要求他加工资的缘故吧,因为这一来我们都不得不比现在更卖力地干活了。

这种业务大有发展的消息原是值得好好庆贺一番的,而这位老板可能是唯恐张扬了会激起员工纷纷来争工资待遇,所以有心低调处理这个宣告,可见downplay这个习惯说法意思是“轻描淡写”或者“低调处理”。

有些语言学家认为downplay这个习惯说法来自钢琴的弱音踏板,弹钢琴的时候踩下弱音踏板会使乐声比平常低柔,这就产生了另一个习惯说法:soft-pedal。 Soft-pedal由soft和pedal两个词组成,原意是钢琴的弱音踏板,而在中间用连词符号连接、当动词用的时候,soft-pedal就跟downplay一样,表示“低调处理”或者“轻描淡写”了。

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今天要学的第二个习惯说法是: downsize。 Downsize这个词的后半部分是size,它可以解释为规模,那么 downsize可不就是降低或者缩小规模吗?

在经济萧条时期很多人会失业,因为不少公司企业用裁员这种方法紧缩开支、增加盈利来渡过困难时期。这时你就常会听到downsize这个说法了。

这个词要是直译,意思是缩小人员规模,其实就是“裁员”或者“解雇员工”,只是听来比'dismiss'之类表示解雇的词来得委婉,不那么刺耳。

我们来听个例子。这是一位电台记者在报导近来的经济衰退如何影响电脑行业和电脑网络公司的业务:

例句-2:This year the decline 1 of business had been difficult for many of these firms who had done so well earlier. Many have had to downsize, some have gone out of business and people who had been doing very well are now busy looking for work.

他说:今年业务的低落给这些早先欣欣向荣的公司带来了困难,许多公司不得不裁员,有些甚至倒闭了。这一来原本干得相当出色的那些人如今却在忙于找工。

这里的习惯说法downsize意思就是裁员。

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今天要学的第三个习惯说法由三个单词合成,中间都用连词符号相连。这个复合词是: down-to-earth。 Earth是“大地”的意思,down-to-earth这个习惯说法往往用来说某一种人,表现他们什么样的品质呢?

我们听个例子来体会吧。说话的人要描述他公司的同事对新经理的看法:

例句-3:She comes from a wealthy family and went to a top school but I'm glad to say despite that she's really down-to-earth: she understands what we do, is warm and friendly and treats us all like equals. That's why I say she's truly down-to-earth.

这位经理出生在富裕家庭又上了第一流的学校。这样的背景很可能会造就一个高高在上的人,但是尽管如此,她却能体谅下属的工作,而且热情友好又平易近人,所以说她确实是个脚踏实地的人。

这样看来down-to-earth用来描述脚踏实地的品质,它的意思就是踏实谦逊。另外有个习惯用语很容易跟down-to-earth相混淆,它是: down to the ground。

Down to the ground看来和down-to-earth相似,实际上它们表示不同的意思,down to the ground含义是“完全、彻底地”。例如,有人可以这样说自己的房子:My house suits me right down to the ground. 他表示:“我对我的房子完全心满意足。” Down to the ground用来描绘完全彻底的程度。



n.衰微,跌落,下降;vt.使降低,婉谢;vi.下降,衰落,偏斜
  • I must decline to show favour to any of the candidates.我必须拒绝偏袒任何一位候选人。
  • The birthrate is on the decline.出生率在下降。
学英语单词
aeronautical navigational electronics
air craft
Aisimi
alpha-beta transition
annunziato
armyworms
as crazy as a loon
bag dust filter
beam bearing
Benangin
bf, bf.
black-cab
blockwood pavement
boisterously
boss-fern
Bukhoro
capacity for public rights
carthon
chlorophyll corpuscle
cladophoran
colloverthwart
computer interconnects
conversation control
Creusot-Loire Uddelholm process
CRSV
current operating performance income statement
derivational compound
diagnostically
digital-advertising
Eaton Park
ejector lift
excursion rate
fail-soft function
fan-guide
ferrobustamite
first-out
glass object
grapeseed oil
hemqtarrhachis
hickenlooper
high-speed sequential processing
Higi
hop on the bandwagon
hydrokonite (hydroconite)
ilmens
inter-organizational
iron halogenide
Isobutylisovalerate
jamt
jen
Jenolan
job dyeing
keystone-type piston ring
kneeboarding
La Cavada
load time his tory
martinhal
measure twice, cut once
mechanical face seals
method analysis
microsoft commercial internet system
midmarket
murska
nanoprocessor
nonreduced
obtuse-angle
optimal growth path
Percy cautery
profit allowance
put it this way
raw casting
readable news
reversal colo(u)r film
rotary slasher
rural erosion rate
scaraboids
Scots Gaelic
seam fat
seepage apron
seiters
self-propelled floating crane
separetionist
soapworts
splicing
splicing vise
spring hoop
submerged tooth
suburban areas
syllogisms
temporomaxillary
topographical parallel
townlets
Tracheophytas
trailing cavity
travelling roller pin
unextraneous
unit mass resolution
unyielding foundation
utility-company
Varaire
wakeys-wakeys
yoruba dance (w. africa)