考研英语长难句讲解 第99期
时间:2018-12-30 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语长难句讲解
英语课
12. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today's people — especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. foe 1 many generations — apparently 2 reached their limit in the early 1960s.
【分析】复合句。句子主干为 today's people reached their limit。句首的 though 引导让步状语;破折号之间的部分为插入语,补充说明 today's people,其中包括 who 引导的定语从句修饰。
【译文】尽管总的来说,美国人的身高比140年前高出大约二英寸,但他们——特别是那些出生于在美国生活了几代的家庭的人——其身高显然在20世纪60年代初期已达到极限,不可能再增长。
13.But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every years, a pattern known as the secular 3 trend in height.
【分析】复合句。as 引导时间状语从句,主句主干为 children and adolescents have increased in height。on average 为插入语;补充说明主句,其中过去分词结构 a pattern known as...作 a pattern 的后置定语。
【译文】但是随着饮食和健康水平的提高,儿童和青少年的平均身高每20年增加大约1.5英寸,这种模式被称作“身高长期增长趋势”。
【点拨】on average 意为“平均起来,一般来说”,也可说成 on an average。该短语在句中的位置比较灵活,可以放在句首、句中和句尾。
【临摹】在全世界,美国人平均身高是最高的。
语法拓展
现在分词和过去分词作定语的异同
1)单个分词作定语,不管是现在分词还是过去分词,通常放在被修饰词之前;而分词短语作定语,通常放在被修饰词之后;对 something,anything 等不定代词进行修饰时分词也要放在所修饰的词后面。
2)一般来讲,及物动词的现在分词形式修饰事物,过去分词形式修饰人,如:a surprising result 一个惊人的结果;surprised girls 吃惊的姑娘们。
3)过去分词表示被动和完成的含义,而现在分词表示主动和进行。
拓展答案
13. Americans are the tallest on average in the world.
n.敌人,仇敌
- He knew that Karl could be an implacable foe.他明白卡尔可能会成为他的死敌。
- A friend is a friend;a foe is a foe;one must be clearly distinguished from the other.敌是敌,友是友,必须分清界限。
adv.显然地;表面上,似乎
- An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽,豁然开朗。
- He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。
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