时间:2018-12-26 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

在前几讲中我们介绍了 floating exchange rates 和 fixed 1 exchange rates,浮动汇率与固定汇率。我们谈到了中央银行对市场进行干预会对汇率及经济活动产生的影响。


那么,什么是中央银行呢?它在一个国家的经济活动中扮演的是什么角色呢?在今天的节目中我们就要谈谈中央银行 central bank 或储备银行 reserve bank 的功能和职责。


各国中央银行在现代的经济活动中可以说扮演着举足轻重的角色。在欧洲,中央银行已经有几百年的历史。澳洲广播电台金融节目主持人巴里克拉克介绍说:


Central banks are key economic policy institutions in most modern economies. But around the world, the role and functions of central banks have been under challenge from changing fashions in monetary 2 policy and form the deregulation and globalisation of financial markets. During its brief history, Australia's Reserve Bank has been required to act as banker to government, regulator of the financial system and administrator 3 of monetary policy.


巴里克拉克在谈话中使用了这样一些词汇:


1 central bank 中央银行
2 reserve bank 储备银行
3 deregulation 解除管制
4 globalisation 全球化
5 regulator 管理者,调整者
6 administrator 管理人


下面我们再听一遍巴里克拉克的谈话和中文翻译:(英文略)


在大多数现代国家的经济中,中央银行是一个重要的机构。但是世界各国中央银行的角色和功能一直受到货币政策不断演变以及金融市场取消管制和全球化的挑战。


在澳大利亚储备银行短暂的历史中,它被要求充当政府的银行、金融系统的调节人以及货币政策的管理者。


现在我们再听一遍巴里克拉克的这段谈话。(略)


澳大利亚墨尔本大学的银行史学家大卫梅里特对中央银行的职能也作了解释。他在谈话中用了这样一些词汇和短语:


1 exclusive 专门的,专有的,排他的
2 vitally important 极其重要的
3 lender of last resort 最后贷款者,为其它银行提供贷款的银行,这是中央银行的职能之一
4 commercial banks 商业银行
5 liquid assets 流动资产,指可以迅速变成现金而不会有价值损失或损失较小的资产
6 bail 4 out 帮助...摆脱困境


现在我们听一遍大卫梅里特的谈话:


The central banks usually began their existence as a banker that dealt exclusively with the national government, that really provides credit to the government of the country and in return for so doing, gets particular privileges which quite often is a monopoly on the issue of paper money.


中央银行在问世之初通常都是只单独与各自政府打交道的银行,为政府提供信贷。作为交换,中央银行获得某些特权,通常是垄断货币的发行。


From that strength, as these banks become large and important they acquire, almost by natural process, a third and vitally important function and that is what we've called a lender of last resort.


借助这一实力地位,随着中央银行越来越庞大和重要,它们几乎是自然而然地获得了第三种功能,也就是我们所说的“最后贷款者”。


They cecome the banker for commercial bnaks. They're seen to be safe, other banks will put money on deposit with them. They become a leader of the banking 5 community and in times of crisis it's this central bank that can assist bnaks who get into trouble.


它们成为商业银行的银行。它们被认为是安全的。其它银行会把钱放在中央银行作为存款。中央银行成为银行界的领袖。在遭遇危机的时候,正是中央银行能够为陷入困境的银行提供帮助。


Now, there's a price to pay to be in the club, to have a central banker, and that is usually there is a set of sort of informal rules grow up about the behaviour of the other banks. They will hold a certain amount of capital, they'll hold some of their liquid assets on deposit with the central bank. If you're going to be bailed 6 out you have to abide 7 by convention.


现在,要为参加这个俱乐部和拥有一个中央银行而出代价了。通常会产生一系列关于其它银行运作的非正式规则。它们需要保持一定数量的资本,需要在中央银行里存储一定的流动资产。若想得到中央银行的救助,就必需遵守规则。


现在让我们完整听一遍澳大利亚墨尔本大学银行史学家大卫梅里特的这段谈话。(略)


接下来我们把这一讲中遇到的一些英文词汇复习一遍:


1 central bank 中央银行
2 reserve bank 储备银行
3 deregulation 解除管制
4 globalisation 全球化
5 regulator 管理者,调整者
6 administrator 管理人
7 exclusive 专门的,专有的,排他的
8 vitally important 极其重要的
9 lender of last resort 最后贷款者,为其它银行提供贷款的银行,这是中央银行的职能之一
10 commercial banks 商业银行
11 liquid assets 流动资产,指可以迅速变成现金而不会有价值损失或损失较小的资产
12 bail out 帮助摆脱困境


在结束这一讲之前,我们再把澳洲广播电台金融节目主持人巴里克拉克和澳大利亚墨尔本大学银行史学家大卫梅里特关于中央银行功能和作用的两段谈话连起来听一遍。(略)


这一讲金融世界节目到这里就结束了。
 



1 fixed
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
  • Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
  • Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
2 monetary
adj.货币的,钱的;通货的;金融的;财政的
  • The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
  • Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。
3 administrator
n.经营管理者,行政官员
  • The role of administrator absorbed much of Ben's energy.行政职务耗掉本很多精力。
  • He has proved himself capable as administrator.他表现出管理才能。
4 bail
v.舀(水),保释;n.保证金,保释,保释人
  • One of the prisoner's friends offered to bail him out.犯人的一个朋友答应保释他出来。
  • She has been granted conditional bail.她被准予有条件保释。
5 banking
n.银行业,银行学,金融业
  • John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
  • He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。
6 bailed
保释,帮助脱离困境( bail的过去式和过去分词 )
  • Fortunately the pilot bailed out before the plane crashed. 飞机坠毁之前,驾驶员幸运地跳伞了。
  • Some water had been shipped and the cook bailed it out. 船里进了些水,厨师把水舀了出去。
7 abide
vi.遵守;坚持;vt.忍受
  • You must abide by the results of your mistakes.你必须承担你的错误所造成的后果。
  • If you join the club,you have to abide by its rules.如果你参加俱乐部,你就得遵守它的规章。
学英语单词
absolute methanol
acronichal
Akebia trifoliata
alpha-angle
Amoeiro
anti-aliased
areometric
asemanticity
bashaarat
be in a mood for something
begin to fidget
bitter oath
bound exciton state
C. & E.
cargo contamination
charge shift
check pilot
citation index and indexing
colorers
colour retardation
comeupance
compulsory (trade) unionism
curve of output
dadfar
de-attribution
dehydrocanned
dismutation reaction
doronicums
double pole cut out
dye-variant fibre
e-values
earth resouces survey
expiratory neuron
finned rocket
FTNVD
gheada
go for the doctor
grantski
guybrows
height of layer
herst
hinzmann
holotypic kidney
infandous
infix syntax
injection hole
intellectual asset
jumble together
khipu
kleve (cleve)
Kriz(Karīz)
laser mouse
life saving jacket
linney
lloyd's form-general average deposit receipt
lumped discontinuity
Machaneng
magnetic amplifier characteristic
maisonnettes
Mansel
motor scooter
nanpingite
Normet
Ohara's fever
oropharyngonasal
Oscar Palmer Robertson
paraheloike
parameters of operation process
pipeworts
plumbisms
polypropylenes
prosporangium
pull tab
put ... to the vote
red neck syndrome
relativistic hydrodynamics
resilient drive
rotary sliding-vane refrigerating compressor
seditions
self analysis
signal operation
single facer
sonic attractant
spin foam
squizz
staggerin'
steel letters
stomatopapilloma
swissres
Sǒngjinman
three-card memory
thyrohyoid ligaments
tire chain
transvision
traverse guider
tread chord width
up the aisle
validity of civil law
visibility of satellite
water wall craft
woebegoneness
writees