时间:2018-12-26 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

在上次节目中,我们介绍了各国中央银行或储备银行的职能。它的一个主要功能是:
lender of last resort - 最后贷款人。


最后贷款人这一职能意味着中央银行在其它商业银行遇到危机时要伸出救援之手。但是中央银行是否有能力成为各商业银行危难中坚强的后盾呢?澳洲广播电台金融节目主持人巴里克拉克对此谈了他的看法:


Support for the safety of the banking 1 system via a lender of last resort mechanism 2 became the most important function of central banks in the early twentieth century. However, the capacity of central banks to support commercial banks in trouble and to prevent a loss of confidence in all deposit taking institutions should not be overestimated 3.


巴里克拉克说,通过最后贷款人机制来维护银行系统的安全已在二十世纪初成为中央银行最重要的功能。但是,不应该过高估计中央银行救援陷于困境的商业银行的能力以及防止人们丧失对所有受理存款机构的信心的能力。


现在我们再听一遍巴里克拉克的这段谈话。(略)


为什么澳广金融节目主持人巴里克拉克说不能过高估计各国中央银行对陷于危难中的商业银行进行救援的能力呢?伦敦经济学院的查尔斯古德哈特教授对此作了进一步的解释。他在谈话中使用了这样一些词汇:


1 capital 资本
2 information gatherer 信息收集人
3 co-ordinator 协调人
4 corral 把...集合在一起
5 rescue 救援


古德哈特教授说:


Central banks have never actually had that much capital of their own, and they've never been able to finance any large scale rescue entirely 4 on their own. Instead they act as information gatherers and co-ordinators of the banking system and they encourage and corral the banks as a group to provide support and assistance to the bank in difficulty.


And that has actually been the case more or less throughout ... and the Bank of England has acted as the co-ordinator and the central operator of a rescue system, rather than doing it all by itself.


More recently, the willingness of the banks to get together to bail 5 out and support their colleagues has actually been diminishing with the more competitive system we now have. And effectively now the fund to bail out or to provide any large scale support system for the banks has to come from the taxpayer 6.


下面我们分段听一遍古德哈特教授的谈话和中文翻译:(英文略)


中央银行自己实际上从来没有那么多的资金,也从来没有能力完全独立地资助任何大规模的救援行动。相反,它们是银行系统的信息收集者和协调人,鼓励并召集各个银行成为一个团体,为陷于困境的银行提供支持和援助。


实际上几乎一直都大致是这种情况。英格兰银行就一直扮演着一个救援体系中的协调和中央运作的角色,而不是单独靠自己进行救援。


近来,各银行联合起来援助和支持同伴的愿望实际上已经降低,因为我们现在有了竞争更激烈的体制。事实上,现在为银行提供的救援或大规模支持系统所需的资金只能来自纳税人。


现在我们再听一遍古德哈特教授这段谈话的全文。(略)


二十世纪三十年代的大萧条使各国中央银行承担起新的责任。澳广金融节目主持人巴里克拉克对此作了介绍:


The global depression of the 1930s and the demands for economic controls during the second world war thrust new responsibilities upon central banks. New economic ideas, principally those of the English economist 7 John Maynard Keynes, legitimated 9 a more interventionist set of government policies to direct the economy in pursuit of full employment and price stability.


巴里克拉克的谈话中出现了这样一些英文词汇:


1 global depression 全球经济萧条
2 legitimate 8 使...合法化
3 interventionist 干涉主义者,干涉主义的
4 full employment 充分就业,全面就业
5 price stability 价格稳定


巴里克拉克说,一九三十年代的大萧条以及第二次世界大战期间对经济进行控制的需要使中央银行背负上新的责任。新的经济观念,主要是英国经济学家凯恩斯的观点,使政府采行了一套更倾向于涉主义的政策来指导经济,以追求全面就业和价格稳定。


下面我们再听一遍巴里克拉克的这段谈话。(略)


由于各国政府在二十世纪三十年代的大萧条之后采行新的对经济进行干预的政策,各国中央银行因此有了新的职责。墨尔本大学银行史学家大卫梅里特解释说:


The central bank was an institution that was already in existence, that now could act as agent for the government, combined with what we call fiscal 10 policy, in bringing about full employment, price stability and so on. This became really their dominant 11 or prime function from the end of the Second World War probably up until the 1970s. It's really the exercise of monetary 12 policy which becomes the overriding 13 objective. The older ones of lender of last resort, managing the note issue, being banker to government, really slide back into the background.


大卫梅里特说,中央银行是一个已经存在的机构,现在它可以作为政府的代理,与我们所说的财政政策相配合,以实现全面就业和价格稳定等等。从第二次世界大战结束后可能一直到一九七十年代末期,这一直是中央银行最重要的职能。实际上执行货币政策已成为压倒一切的目标。原来的“最后贷款人”、管理货币发行和充当政府银行等功能已经退居其次。


现在我们再听一遍大卫梅里特的这段谈话。(略)


在这里我们要补充的是,到了二十世纪八十年代中期,各国中央银行的角色再次发生了变化,压低通货膨胀率取代了全面就业,成为货币政策压倒一切的目标。


接下来我们复习一遍这一讲中遇到的一些英文词汇:


1 capital 资本
2 information gatherer 信息收集人
3 co-ordinator 协调人
4 corral 把...集合在一起
5 rescue 救援
6 global depression 全球经济萧条
7 legitimate 使...合法化
8 interventionist 干涉主义者,干涉主义的
9 full employment 充分就业,全面就业
10 price stability 价格稳定


在这一讲的最后,我们再听一遍英国伦敦经济学院教授古德哈特关于中央银行如何救助遭遇困境的商业银行的谈话。(略)


这一讲由澳洲广播电台中文部为您制作的金融世界节目到这里就播送完了。
 



1 banking
n.银行业,银行学,金融业
  • John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
  • He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。
2 mechanism
n.机械装置;机构,结构
  • The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
  • The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。
3 overestimated
对(数量)估计过高,对…作过高的评价( overestimate的过去式和过去分词 )
  • They overestimated his ability when they promoted him. 他们提拔他的时候高估了他的能力。
  • The Ministry of Finance consistently overestimated its budget deficits. 财政部一贯高估预算赤字。
4 entirely
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地
  • The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
  • His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。
5 bail
v.舀(水),保释;n.保证金,保释,保释人
  • One of the prisoner's friends offered to bail him out.犯人的一个朋友答应保释他出来。
  • She has been granted conditional bail.她被准予有条件保释。
6 taxpayer
n.纳税人
  • The new scheme will run off with a lot of the taxpayer's money.这项新计划将用去纳税人许多钱。
  • The taxpayer are unfavourably disposed towards the recent tax increase.纳税者对最近的增加税收十分反感。
7 economist
n.经济学家,经济专家,节俭的人
  • He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
  • He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家,自以为什么都懂。
8 legitimate
adj.合法的,合理的,合乎逻辑的;v.使合法
  • Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
  • That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。
9 legitimated
v.合情合理的( legitimate的过去式和过去分词 );合法的;法律认可的;法定的
  • The judge legitimated the use of the gun as evidence. 那位法官使用枪支作为证据合法化。 来自辞典例句
  • He legitimated his accession to the estate. 他使他的承继产业合法化。 来自辞典例句
10 fiscal
adj.财政的,会计的,国库的,国库岁入的
  • The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
  • The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。
11 dominant
adj.支配的,统治的;占优势的;显性的;n.主因,要素,主要的人(或物);显性基因
  • The British were formerly dominant in India.英国人从前统治印度。
  • She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。
12 monetary
adj.货币的,钱的;通货的;金融的;财政的
  • The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
  • Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。
13 overriding
a.最主要的
  • Development is of overriding importance. 发展是硬道理
  • My overriding concern is to raise the standards of state education. 我最关心的是提高国民教育水平。
学英语单词
absolute conic
aircraft engines
angular dissymmetry
arbitrating
area files
ASDD
attentivenesses
bekend
betweenities
break a habit
calcium cyananide
candona parasinuosa
capacity to enjoy rights and assuming obligations
Cassiopeia's chair
categorizings
chantalite
civil lawsuits
come to grapples with
congenital lip sinus
controlled reprisal
copilia mediterranea
crs color tv system
cruisetour
cuticular crest
deastin
desaturated color
dex-
dual prime ideal
epania brevipennis
faikes
fanslation
final-lock mechanism
gangtoks
gastrointestinal infection
gather information
gaying
glycosialia
good control
graphite points
Grimstone
haplostromatic
heavy cutting
heptachlorobiphenyls
Home Gardens
horizontal parity bit
industrial-gases
infrared compensation
ionic acidity
juvenile amaurotic idiocies
land hydrology
large scale retailing
lattice expansion
lilium cordifolium thunb.
Lippia mexicana
lowflation
lycoclavanol
material-handling
medaite
medium weight nucleus
methanization
Milam County
Misgab
mobile device fragmentation
nucleolar vacuole
obstruction of pharynx
oil cooled transformator
oligoubiquitination
open-well-type bain-marie
packages
pahute mesa
pelisson
phosphoribose
pinched
pine of calf
Pirara
polygonise
pyromangite
reconnectors
resin powder
salpingometric rupture
self-sustaining reactor
shat ya
skidi
snapper sea bream
sneak circuit analysis
software escrow
standard weathering hour
state equivalence
static buffer
stress buffer
structural plain
suggested (retail) price
syndrome of yang deficiency and qi stagnation
tighs
to overload
transcendental philosophies
trapezium bucket
tray dynamic
versage
vis-
welding rectifier
woolly alder aphid