时间:2018-12-17 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语长难句讲解


英语课

   2009 考研英语长难句


  3、Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward 1 off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic 2 labor 3, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc.
  【分析】并列句。此句由分号连接的三个分句组成。第二个和第三个分句省略了与第一个分句相同的谓语动词began,for example 和 for the most part 都是插入语; in the desire…和 because of …作状语secure …和 to gratify…均作desire的后置定语。翻译时为忠实于原文可以不译出省略的部分。
  【点拨】1、secure意为“获得;使安全,保卫”,很明显,句中第一个secure释义为“获得”,第二个为“保卫”,可译 成“维系”。2、overruling由动词overrule而来, overruling powers“统治一切的力量”,指神灵。3、ward off意 为“避开,防止”。 4、appetite不能简单译成“食欲”,可译为“欲望”。5、for the most part指“多半;通常;在极大 程度上”。6、enslavement指“奴役,束缚”。
  【译文】比如,宗教团体是为了得到神灵的庇佑、趋避邪恶才产生的;家庭则是为了满足欲望并维系家庭长久;系统的劳作大多是因为被他人奴役等等。
  4、Only gradually was the by-product 4 of the institution noted 5, and only more gradually still was this effect con 6?sidered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.
  【分析】并列句。and连接两个并列的强调部分倒装句。第一个分句的正常语序是The by-product of the institution was noted only gradually;第二个分句的正常语序是In the conduct of the institution, this effect was considered as a directive factor only more gradually still。翻译时应按照汉语的习惯重新调整词序,以保证译文结构顺畅。而且,两个分句的被动语态可翻译为主动语态,同时增补泛指性的词语“人们”、“大 家”等作主语。
  【点拨】1、by-product意为“副产品”,不可译成“次产品”。2、noted在句中的释义为“注意,留意”,而非“记录下来的;著名的”。3 、 more gradually still可译为“更加缓慢”,不可译为“依旧缓慢”。 4、directive有“指示的,指导的;管理的;定向的”等意思,因其与factor搭配,根据语境,取其“指导性的”这―义项 5、conduct根据其后置定语of the institution可以确定其含义为“经营、管理方式”,意译为“机构的运行”。
  【译文】人们只是逐渐地才注意到机构的这一副产品,而人们把这种作用视为机构运作的指导性因素的过程则更为缓慢。

1 ward
n.守卫,监护,病房,行政区,由监护人或法院保护的人(尤指儿童);vt.守护,躲开
  • The hospital has a medical ward and a surgical ward.这家医院有内科病房和外科病房。
  • During the evening picnic,I'll carry a torch to ward off the bugs.傍晚野餐时,我要点根火把,抵挡蚊虫。
2 systematic
adj.有系统的,有计划的,有方法的
  • The way he works isn't very systematic.他的工作不是很有条理。
  • The teacher made a systematic work of teaching.这个教师进行系统的教学工作。
3 labor
n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦
  • We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
  • He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后,他已经疲惫不堪了。
4 by-product
n.副产品,附带产生的结果
  • Freedom is the by-product of economic surplus.自由是经济盈余的副产品。
  • The raw material for the tyre is a by-product of petrol refining.制造轮胎的原材料是提炼汽油时产生的一种副产品。
5 noted
adj.著名的,知名的
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
6 con
n.反对的观点,反对者,反对票,肺病;vt.精读,学习,默记;adv.反对地,从反面;adj.欺诈的
  • We must be fair and consider the reason pro and con.我们必须公平考虑赞成和反对的理由。
  • The motion is adopted non con.因无人投反对票,协议被通过。
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