实用语法--宾语从句
英语课
宾语从句
1. 宾语从句的定义：
2. 宾语从句的连接词：
引导宾语从句的连词有that、whether 1、if;连接代词主要有who、whom、whose、which、what;连接副词主要有when、where、why、how等。
3. whether与if用法区别
whether与if在表示“是否”、引导宾语从句时常可通用。但以下情况下只能用whether
1)介词后的宾语从句用whether引导
例：We’re talking about whether we can get the chance 2.
2)whether引导宾语从句时可以与or not连用
例：I don’t care 3 whether the work will take long or not.
3)whether引导的宾语从句可置于句首
例：Whether they will join in the picnic I don’t care.
4)在不定式前，只有whether
例：I am just wondering 4 whether to stay for another hour or jus start off 5 right away.
4. 宾语从句之主句与从句时态一致
补充内容：
主句若为过去时态，从句要用相应的过去时态。
1)从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动作同时发生。
例：I only knew Cathy was 6 studying in a western 7 country, but I didn’t know
what country she was in.
2)从句用过去完成时，表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前。
例：Carol 8 told me that she had 9 told Sally about the meeting 10 already 11.
3)从句谓语用过去将来时，表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后。
例：He told me that he would 12 take part 13 in the high jump.
5. 宾语从句的简化
宾语从句的简化有三种情况：
1)当主句谓语动词是find, see, watch, hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾语补足语”结构，宾语补足语为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。
例：She found 14 that the wallet 15 lay/was lying 16 on the ground 17.
= She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
2)当主语谓语动词是hope, wish, decide 18, forget, plan 19, agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。
例：She agreed 20 that she could 21 help me with my maths.
= She agreed to help me with my maths.
3)在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构。
例：Can you tell me how I can get to the station?
= Can you tell me how to get to the station?
conj.是否…，是不是…；是否…，是不是…
- I cannot say whether it was Saturday or Sunday.我无法肯定那天是星期六还是星期天。
- I don't care whether it rains,I am happy.我才不在乎下不下雨呢，我快活着呢。
n.机会，意外；运气；风险；vi.偶然发生；vt.偶然发生，冒险
- We will take a chance to have the party outdoor.我们将冒险举行露天聚会。
- This is the last chance any of us has.对于我们中的任何人来说，这是最后的一次机会。
n.小心，照料，忧虑；v.关心，照顾，喜爱，介意
- I really care about the students in my class.我的确喜欢这个班上的学生。
- Her work is to take care of the children.她的工作是照料好孩子。
adj.显出（或感到）惊奇，觉得奇怪，疑惑的
- Jane had been wondering that selfsame thing. 简也一直在为同一件事纳闷。
- She was wondering how to act to her superior. 她想知道怎样对待她的上司。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adj.远的；休假的，空闲的；adv.走开，出发，隔断；prep.离开，脱落，在...之外
- You'd better cool off first.你最好先冷静下来。
- I need some time off.我需要一些时间休息。
n.西方人；西部片；西部小说；adj.西方的，西洋的，西部的
- He is wearing a western style suit.他穿着一套西式服装。
- He lives at the western end of the village.他家住在村子尽西头。
n.赞美诗，圣诞颂歌
- Silent Night is my favourite carol.《平安夜》是我最喜欢的圣诞颂歌。
- The people in the church are singing a christmas carol.教堂里的人们正在唱圣诞颂歌。
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词；conj.有
- I just had a good idea!我有个好主意！
- The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
n.会议；集会
- Will you be at the meeting?你会来开会吗？
- We would like to hold the meeting at an early date.我们希望早日举行这次会议。
adv.已经
- We have eaten already.我们已经吃过了。
- I've been there already,so I don't want to go again.我早已去过那里了，所以我不想再去了。
aux.will的过去式；愿，要；常常；大概；将要，会
- Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说？
- Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗？
n.部份，零件；角色，部位；vt.分开，分离，分配；vi.分离，离开；adv.部份地；adj.分离的
- This is the broken part.这就是损坏的部件。
- Which part do you play?你演哪一个角色？
v.建立，创立，创办；vbl.(find的过去分词)找到
- I found him at home.我发现他在家。
- The United Nations was found in 1945.联合国于1945年成立。
n.皮夹，钱包
- I keep my wallet in an inside pocket.我把钱包放在里面的口袋里。
- It is terrible that she lost her wallet.糟透了，她丢失了钱包。
躺
- He was correct in his assertion that the minister had been lying. 他认定部长说谎，事实果然如此。
- She bridled at the suggestion that she was lying. 她对暗示她在说谎的言论嗤之以鼻。
n.土地，战场，场地；adj.土地的，地面上的；v.放在地上，使...搁浅，打基础
- The baby is playing on the ground.婴儿正在地上玩。
- He picked a pen from the ground.他从地上捡起一支钢笔。
vi./vt.决定；下决心
- It's a difficult question to decide.这是个难以决定的问题。
- I can't decide which to choose.我无法决定要选哪一个。
n.计划，策略，方法；v.计划，设计，意欲
- What do you plan to do during the holidays?你打算在假期里做什么？
- I talked with him about our plan,and he wanted in.我同他谈了我们的计划，他想参加。
adj.同意的；接受的；经过协议的；双方共同议定的v.同意，赞同( agree的过去式和过去分词)；[语法学]（在性、数、人称或格方面）一致；相同；和睦相处
- He finally agreed, albeit reluctantly, to help us. 尽管勉强，他最后还是同意帮助我们。
- Both sides in the dispute have agreed to go to arbitration . 争执双方已同意提请仲裁。
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