时间:2018-12-03 作者:英语课 分类:2007年ESL之就医和人际交往


英语课

 



 


22 Quitting Smoking


GLOSSARY 1


smoke break – a short period of time during the workday when one stops working and goes outside to smoke a cigarette* My co-worker takes up to six smoke breaks a day! I don’t know how she gets any work done.


to bum 2 (something) off (someone) – to ask someone to give one something for free* Can I bum $0.50 off you to make a phone call?


pack – a small box or package of something* How much does this pack of gum cost?


cigarette – a piece of paper rolled around tobacco where one end is lit with fire and the other end is placed in one’s mouth to breathe in the smoke* Some teenagers smoke cigarettes to fit in with their friends.


lighter 3 – a small plastic or metal tool that is filled with gas, so that one presses a button to get a small fire, usually used to light a cigarette* Do you prefer to use a lighter or matches?


incentive 5 – something that one gives to another person to encourage him or her to do something; something that makes someone want to do something* Some parents pay their children as an incentive to get better grades.


to quit – to stop doing something; to no longer do something* How old were you when you quit eating meat?


to go cold turkey – to stop doing something addictive 6 (especially smoking or drinking) all at once, without gradually decreasing the amount* Mathias tried to go cold turkey to stop drinking, but he found that he needed professional help.


doomed 7destined 8 in a bad way; expecting to suffer in the future* We are all doomed to pay taxes until we die.


ashtray 9 – a small square or round glass or plastic plate with raised sides, used to collect the small pieces that fall from a cigarette* All the tables in the smoking section of restaurant have small, white ashtrays 10.


stained – with a colored mark that is difficult or impossible to remove* Gunther’s shirt is stained where he spilled red wine on it.


to butt 4 heads – to argue or fight with someone; to disagree about something* Simpur and his wife are always butting 11 heads about how they should spend their time off from work.


to each his own – a phrase used to mean that each person should be able to decide what he or she wants to do, or that each person likes different things* I hate the taste of olives 12, but Dennis loves them. To each his own.


bonus – money receivedin addition to one’s regular payment; extra money received, often for good performance or for completing a special project* If the company does well this year, all of the employees will get an end-of-theyear bonus.


nicotine 13 patch – a small sticker thatis placed on one’s body and gives one the addictive chemical nicotine, to help one stop smoking* Yelena used a combination of nicotine patches and nicotine gum to stop smoking.


lost cause – something that is hopeless; something that cannot be done or fixed* Trying to lose weight while working in an ice cream store is a lost cause. I always want to eat while I work!


willpower – the ability to do what one believe is right, even though it is difficult; the ability to control one’s actions or thoughts andmeet one’s goals* It must have taken a lot of willpower for Raquel to ride her bicycle eight miles to work every day instead of driving her car.


no pain, no gain – a phrase used to show that one must suffer to get something, often used with exercise* Rick’s legs were very tired after running 10 miles, but no pain, no gain.


COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS1. What is a smoke break?


a) A time when one stops smoking.


b) A time when one takes a break from smoking.


c) A time when one takes a break from work to smoke.


2. What does Paul mean by saying, “I tried to go cold turkey once”?


a) He tried to start smoking fewer cigarettes.


b) He tried to stop smoking by eating only cold turkey.


c) He tried to stop smoking all at once.


______________WHAT ELSE DOES IT MEAN?


packThe word “pack,” in this podcast, means a small box or package of something: “Could you please buy a pack of matches for me?” As a verb, “to pack” means to put clothing and other things into a bag to take them on a trip: “Don’t forget to pack a sweater because it’s cold in Canada in winter!” The verb “to pack” can also mean to put things into a box or bag so that they can be sold or moved more easily: “Please pack the wine glasses carefully so that they don’t break while I’m taking themhome.” The word “packed” means crowded, or with a lot of people or things: “The train station was packed and it was hard to find our cousin, Jenny.” Or, “His kitchen cupboards are packed with cereal 14 and canned soup.”


lighterIn this podcast, the word“lighter” means a small plastic or metal tool that is filled with gas, so that one presses a button to get a small fire, usually used to light a cigarette: “It would be easier to start the campfire if we had a lighter.” The word “lighter” also means less heavy, or weighing less: “At only 97 pounds, Michaela is much lighter than her husband is.” The word “lighter” also means with more light, or with less darkness: “Shane woke up at 3:45, but decided 15 to stay in bed until it got lighter outside.” Finally, the word “lighter” can mean gentler, or more softly: “Try to use a lighter touch when you play the piano, to make the music more beautiful and calming.”


CULTURE NOTEIn the United States, packages for cigarettes, “chewing tobacco” (tobacco that is placed between one’s teeth and cheek), and other “tobacco products” (things made with tobacco) must have health “warnings” (statements about something bad that will happen). In America, these warnings come from the “Surgeon General,” the “head” (leader) of thenation’s public health service.


The United States was one of the first countries to require that health warnings be printed on cigarette packages, but today its warnings are some of the smallest and least “prominent” (easily seen) in the world. The warnings also aren’t as “dire” (very serious and bad) as those of many other countries. Consider the most common warnings on U.S. cigarette packages. The first warning, in 1966, said “Caution: Cigarette Smoking May be ‘Hazardous’


(dangerous) to Your Health.” Three years later, this was changed to “The Surgeon General Has ‘Determined’ (decided)that Cigarette Smoking is Dangerous to Your Health.” Today, one of the following Surgeon General's Warnings are found on tobacco products:


?  Smoking Causes Lung Cancer, Heart Disease, Emphysema, and May “Complicate” (make something more difficult)Pregnancy. ?  Quitting Smoking Now Greatly Reduces Serious Risks to Your Health. ?  Smoking By Pregnant 16 Women May Result in Fetal Injury, Premature 17 Birth, And Low Birth Weight. ?  Cigarette Smoke Contains “Carbon Monoxide” (CO, a dangerous gas). The reason for putting these warnings on tobacco products is so that people will read them before buying the products. Hopefully this will help them learn or remember that smoking in bad for their health.


______________Comprehension Questions Correct Answers: 1 – c; 2 – c


COMPLETE TRANSCRIPTWelcome to English as a Second Language Podcast number 333: Quitting Smoking.


This is English as a Second Language Podcast episode 18 three-three-three (333). I’m your host, Dr. Jeff McQuillan, coming to you from the Center for Educational Development in beautiful Los Angeles, California. How are you today?


In this episode we’re going to finally quit smoking –quit smoking cigarettes, that is. If you want to find out more about the vocabulary and the ideas we talk about in this episode, go to our website at eslpod.com and download the 8 to 10 page Learning Guide for this episode. You can also take a look at our new ESL Podcast Blog, and our additional premium 19 courses in the ESL Podcast Store. Let’s get started.


[start of dialogue]


Vera: Hi, I thought you might be out here. Geez, it’s really cold! Paul: I know, but I really needed a smoke break after that long meeting. Can I bum one off you? I left my pack of cigarettes on my desk.


Vera: Sure. Here’s my lighter. What do you think about the new incentives 20 the company is offering to employees to quit? Have you thought about it? Paul: Yeah, but I’ve smoked for 20 years. I tried going cold turkey once, but it didn’t work. I’m doomed to a lifetime of ashtrays and stained fingers.


Vera: I’ve been butting heads with my boyfriend for years. He wants me to quit, but I say, to each his own. Paul: The incentives are pretty good, though, I have to admit: a cash bonus and more money towards our health plans. Vera: Yeah, I could use the cash. Have you tried one of those nicotine patches? Paul: No, I haven’t. Vera: Well...I’ll try it if you will.


Paul: Do you think it would work? I think I’m a lost cause.  


Vera: I’m not sure, but if you’ll try them, I will, too.


Paul: Okay, but I’m warning you. I have no willpower. Vera: All right, but just remember: no pain, no gain. [end of dialogue]


Our dialogue between Vera and Paul begins with Vera saying, “Hi, I thought you might be out here. Geez, it’s really cold!” So, Vera is obviously outside somewhere, where it’s cold. Paul says, “I know, but I really needed a smoke break after that long meeting.” A “smoke break” is a short period of time during the day when you stop working, go outside of your building, usually, and smoke. In the U.S., in most businesses, you can’t smoke inside the building.


Paul says, “Can I bum one off you?” “To bum (bum) something off someone” is a phrasal verb meaning to ask someone to give you something for free. This is a very common expression when we’re talking about one person asking for a cigarette from another person. “Can I bum a cigarette off you?” meaning will you give me a cigarette. Normally it’s for small things; you wouldn’t say, “Can I bum a million dollars off of you?” that might be a little too much! Paul says, “I left my pack of cigarettes on my desk.” The little box that the cigarettes come in is called a “pack” (pack). That word has a couple of different meanings; take a look at the Learning Guide for some more explanations. A “cigarette,” you probably know, is a small piece of paper rolled around tobacco. You light one end, and put the other end in your mouth, and inhale 21. When someone says, “a cigarette,” they’re referring to the cigarettes that you buy at the store. There are illegal types of drugs that you also could smoke, such as marijuana for example. If you were talking about that, you would say “a marijuana cigarette.” But we’re not smoking marijuana here at ESL Podcast –at least, not today! We are talking about smoking cigarettes.


Vera says, “Sure. Here’s my lighter.” In other words, she’s giving Paul one of her cigarettes, and she gives him her lighter. A “lighter” is the small plastic or metal tool that has gas in it, and you press a little button and a small fire comes up, enough to light a cigarette. They’re sometimes called a “cigarette lighter.” The verb is “to light” –“to light acigarette.” There are a couple of different meanings of this word also; again, you’ll find more information in the “What Else Does It Mean” section of our Learning Guide.


Vera says, “What do you think about the new incentives the company is offering to employees to quit?” An “incentive” is something that someone gives you to encourage you to do something, to make you want to do something. In this case, the company is trying to get its employees to stop smoking. Vera uses the expression, simply, “to quit.” “To quit” means to stop doing something. Many companies do this; the reason is that smokers 23 –people who smoke –have more health problems, and since most companies in the United States have to pay for the health insurance of their employees, it’s agood practice for them to get their employees to stop smoking. Paul is asked by Vera if he has ever thought about quitting, and Paul says, “Yeah, but I’ve smoked for 20 years. I tried going cold turkey once, but it didn’t work.” The expression “to gocold turkey” here means to stop smoking completely, not have any more cigarettes. You’re not going to decrease the number of cigarettes every day, you’re going to stop it completely. We also use this for other types of drugs and alcohol. “To go cold turkey” –to stop completely what you are doing, in this case, some sort of what we would call “addictive behavior,” where you are addicted 24 to something –you can’t stop yourself.


Paul says that it didn’t work the last time he tried going cold turkey, “I’m doomed to a lifetime of ashtrays and stained fingers.” “To be doomed” means that you are expected to suffer in a certain way, you are “destined,” we might also say, for something. “We are all doomed to pay taxes until we die” –we can’t avoid it. Mark Twain said, “There are only two things certain in life: death and taxes.” So, we are doomed to pay taxes!


Paul says that he’s “doomed to a lifetime of ashtrays and stained fingers.” An “ashtray” (ashtray –one word) is a place where you put your cigarette ashes. The “ashes” are what is left after the fire has burned the cigarette; they’re usually gray. These ashes are put in an ashtray so they don’t dirty up the ground or the area where you are. At least, that’s the polite thing to do, if you are a smoker 22, is to use an ashtray.


Paul says he has, or will have, “stained fingers.” When something is “stained” (stained), it has some sort of colored mark that is difficult, or perhaps even impossible, to remove. In this case, there are stains on the smoker’s fingers, indicating this person has smoked a lot. We also use the word “stained” in talking about your clothing. If you’re eating something and it falls on your shirt, it could “stain” your shirt –your shirt could be “stained.”


Vera says, “I’ve been butting heads with my boyfriend for years” over smoking. “To butt (butt) heads” means to argue or fight about something. So, Vera and her boyfriend have been fighting about her smoking, they’ve been “butting heads.” “He wants me to quit, but I say, to each his own.” This is an old expression; “to each his own” means each person can do what they want to do; they can decide how they want to live their life. Each person can do something different, if they want to. “To each his own” is the expression. Paul then says, “The incentives are pretty good, though, I have to admit (meaning I have to be honest, they are pretty good): a cash bonus and more money towards our health plans.” So, the incentives the company is offering the employees include additional money –a bonus. A “bonus” is extra money that a company gives you, usually because you’ve done well –you did a good job. Here at ESL Podcast, I never get a bonus because I never do a good job –that’s what my boss tells me!


Vera says, “Yes, I could use the cash (I could use the money). Have you tried one of those nicotine patches?” “Nicotine” is a drug that is in cigarettes; it’s the thing that makes the cigarettes addictive –it makes you want to continue smoking them. A “nicotine patch” (patch) is a small, plastic sticker that you put on your arm that gives you nicotine so that you don’t have to smoke the cigarette. It’s one way of helping 25 you quit smoking. Paul says, “No, I haven’t (tried the nicotine patches).” Sometimes they’re called simply “the patch” by smokers. Vera says, “Well...I’ll try it if you will.” Paul says, “Do you think it would work (do you think it will work)? I think I’m a lost cause.” If you say you’re a “lost cause,” you mean that nothing can be done to fix you –nothing can be done to fix the situation, it’s hopeless.


Vera says, “I’m not sure” if they’ll work, but if you try the patches “I will, too.” Paul says, “Okay, but I’m warning you. I have no willpower.” “Willpower” (one word) is the ability to do what youthink is right, even though it’s difficult. We should all exercise a half hour a day, but it’s difficult –we’re lazy, you need willpower. You have to say to yourself, “Even though it’s difficult, I will do it.”


Vera says, “All right, but just remember: no pain, no gain.” This is another expression; “no pain, no gain” means in order to get something, you have to suffer –you have to do something that may be difficult. This is especially true in exercise. If you want big muscles, you have to lift weights, which is difficult –but, “no pain, no gain,” if you don’t feel any pain, you won’t benefit, you won’t get anything for it. This is true in some areas in life, but it’s not true of language acquisition 26. Language acquisition doesn’t require pain; if it does, it’s usually a bad thing!


Now let’s listen to the dialogue, this time at a normal speed.


[start of dialogue]


Vera: Hi, I thought you might be out here. Geez, it’s really cold! Paul: I know, but I really needed a smoke break after that long meeting. Can I bum one off you? I left my pack of cigarettes on my desk.


Vera: Sure. Here’s my lighter. What do you think about the new incentives the company is offering to employees to quit? Have you thought about it? Paul: Yeah, but I’ve smoked for 20 years. I tried going cold turkey once, but it didn’t work. I’m doomed to a lifetime of ashtrays and stained fingers.


Vera: I’ve been butting heads with my boyfriend for years. He wants me to quit, but I say, to each his own. Paul: The incentives are pretty good, though, I have to admit: a cash bonus and more money towards our health plans. Vera: Yeah, I could use the cash. Have you tried one of those nicotine patches? Paul: No, I haven’t. Vera: Well...I’ll try it if you will.


Paul: Do you think it would work? I think I’m a lost cause. Vera: I’m not sure, but if you’ll try them, I will, too.


Paul: Okay, but I’m warning you. I have no willpower. Vera: All right, but just remember: no pain, no gain. [end of dialogue]


The script for this episode was written by nonsmoker Dr. Lucy Tse. From Los Angeles, California, I’m Jeff McQuillan. Thanks for listening. We’ll see you next time on ESL Podcast.


English as a Second Language Podcast is written and produced by Dr. Lucy Tse, hosted by Dr. Jeff McQuillan. This podcast is copyright 2007.




1 glossary
n.注释词表;术语汇编
  • The text is supplemented by an adequate glossary.正文附有一个详细的词汇表。
  • For convenience,we have also provided a glossary in an appendix.为了方便,我们在附录中也提供了术语表。
2 bum
n.臀部;流浪汉,乞丐;vt.乞求,乞讨
  • A man pinched her bum on the train so she hit him.在火车上有人捏她屁股,她打了那人。
  • The penniless man had to bum a ride home.那个身无分文的人只好乞求搭车回家。
3 lighter
n.打火机,点火器;驳船;v.用驳船运送;light的比较级
  • The portrait was touched up so as to make it lighter.这张画经过润色,色调明朗了一些。
  • The lighter works off the car battery.引燃器利用汽车蓄电池打火。
4 butt
n.笑柄;烟蒂;枪托;臀部;v.用头撞或顶
  • The water butt catches the overflow from this pipe.大水桶盛接管子里流出的东西。
  • He was the butt of their jokes.他是他们的笑柄。
5 incentive
n.刺激;动力;鼓励;诱因;动机
  • Money is still a major incentive in most occupations.在许多职业中,钱仍是主要的鼓励因素。
  • He hasn't much incentive to work hard.他没有努力工作的动机。
6 addictive
adj.(吸毒等)使成瘾的,成为习惯的
  • The problem with video game is that they're addictive.电子游戏机的问题在于它们会使人上瘾。
  • Cigarettes are highly addictive.香烟很容易使人上瘾。
7 doomed
命定的
  • The court doomed the accused to a long term of imprisonment. 法庭判处被告长期监禁。
  • A country ruled by an iron hand is doomed to suffer. 被铁腕人物统治的国家定会遭受不幸的。
8 destined
adj.命中注定的;(for)以…为目的地的
  • It was destined that they would marry.他们结婚是缘分。
  • The shipment is destined for America.这批货物将运往美国。
9 ashtray
n.烟灰缸
  • He knocked out his pipe in the big glass ashtray.他在大玻璃烟灰缸里磕净烟斗。
  • She threw the cigarette butt into the ashtray.她把烟头扔进烟灰缸。
10 ashtrays
烟灰缸( ashtray的名词复数 )
  • A simple question: why are there ashtrays in a no-smoking restaurant? 问题是:一个禁止吸烟的餐厅为什么会有烟灰缸呢?
  • Avoid temptation by throwing away all cigarettes, lighters and ashtrays. 把所有的香烟,打火机,和烟灰缸扔掉以避免引诱。
11 butting
用头撞人(犯规动作)
  • When they were talking Mary kept butting in. 当他们在谈话时,玛丽老是插嘴。
  • A couple of goats are butting each other. 两只山羊在用角互相顶撞。
12 olives
n.橄榄( olive的名词复数 );橄榄树;橄榄色;油橄榄
  • We sat drinking wine and nibbling olives. 我们坐在那儿,喝着葡萄酒嚼着橄榄。
  • He sent her two pieces of olives in letter. 他在信中给她夹了两片橄榄树的叶子。 来自《简明英汉词典》
13 nicotine
n.(化)尼古丁,烟碱
  • Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily.许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
  • Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily.许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
14 cereal
n.谷类,五谷,禾谷
  • I have hot cereal every day for breakfast.我每天早餐吃热麦片粥。
  • Soybeans are handled differently from cereal grains.大豆的加工处理与谷类的加工处理不同。
15 decided
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
16 pregnant
adj.怀孕的,怀胎的
  • She is a pregnant woman.她是一名孕妇。
  • She is pregnant with her first child.她怀了第一胎。
17 premature
adj.比预期时间早的;不成熟的,仓促的
  • It is yet premature to predict the possible outcome of the dialogue.预言这次对话可能有什么结果为时尚早。
  • The premature baby is doing well.那个早产的婴儿很健康。
18 episode
n.(作品的一段)情节,插曲,系列事件中之一
  • The episode was a huge embarrassment for all concerned.这段小插曲令所有有关人员都感到非常尴尬。
  • This episode remains sharply engraved on my mind.这段经历至今仍深深地铭刻在我的心中。
19 premium
n.加付款;赠品;adj.高级的;售价高的
  • You have to pay a premium for express delivery.寄快递你得付额外费用。
  • Fresh water was at a premium after the reservoir was contaminated.在水库被污染之后,清水便因稀而贵了。
20 incentives
激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 ); 刺激; 诱因; 动机
  • tax incentives to encourage savings 鼓励储蓄的税收措施
  • Furthermore, subsidies provide incentives only for investments in equipment. 更有甚者,提供津贴仅是为鼓励增添设备的投资。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
21 inhale
v.吸入(气体等),吸(烟)
  • Don't inhale dust into your lung.别把灰尘吸进肺里。
  • They are pleased to not inhale second hand smoke.他们很高兴他们再也不会吸到二手烟了。
22 smoker
n.吸烟者,吸烟车厢,吸烟室
  • His wife dislikes him to be a smoker.他妻子不喜欢他当烟民。
  • He is a moderate smoker.他是一个有节制的烟民。
23 smokers
吸烟者( smoker的名词复数 )
  • Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily. 许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
  • Chain smokers don't care about the dangers of smoking. 烟鬼似乎不在乎吸烟带来的种种危害。
24 addicted
adj.沉溺于....的,对...上瘾的
  • He was addicted to heroin at the age of 17.他17岁的时候对海洛因上了瘾。
  • She's become addicted to love stories.她迷上了爱情小说。
25 helping
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
  • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
  • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
26 acquisition
n.取得,学到,养成(习惯),获得的东西
  • The children progressed in the acquisition of basic skills.孩子们在掌握基本技术方面取得了进步。
  • He devotes his time to the acquisition of knowledge.他把时间都花在求知上。
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