时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:托福英语


英语课

   很多考生在准备托福考试的时候,总会发现部分托福考试中的句子远远超出了自己的能力范围。对于这些长难句,当然要从语法的角度去完全把握。但是如果是在考试中遇到不能理解的句子时,考生就偏向于一遍一遍的去读句子,没读懂不说,还浪费了时间,影响了下面的答题。


  其实长难句在考试中最直接的运用就是考察插入句子题和解释句子题。对于这样的题目,我们在不能读懂句子的情况下,能够把握的就是句子的内在关系,即逻辑。逻辑在解释句子题中的运用尤为重要,以前有学生反映,在考试中其实句子根本就不能读懂,而利用逻辑就能迅速排除选项,从而找到正确的答案。所以说,逻辑是我们托福阅读中的隐形解题帮手,考生们一定要尤为关注。
  下面是托福阅读中经常出现的四大逻辑关系,把握了它们就等于掌握了托福阅读解题技巧的一个重要部分。
  1. 因果关系
  因:because, because of, for, as, since, in that, on account of, with果:so, so that, therefore, thereby 1, as a result, hence, thus, consequently, accordingly因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外,隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分。
  隐性因果:
  A 导致(因-果):cause, reason, lead to, give rise to, result in, render, make, let, ask, support, push, stimulate 2, spark, spur, fuel, produce, be responsible for如The increased pressures of expanding populations have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and towns are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees and shrubs 3
  在这段话中,有lead to, 表示了导致的意思,即结果; 而so that 更进一步表示了后面的结果,所以可以充分判定这段话有因果关系的逻辑。
  B 由…而来(果-因):result from, derive 4 from, originate from, initiate 5 from, stem from, be responsive to, be attributable to如 “The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected 6, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process。”
  在这段话中,根据result from可以推断出有因果关系,那如果是解释句子题时,选项中有因果关系就可以优先考虑。
  C 反映,体现(果-因): reflect, present, demonstrate, suggest, imply, showThis result demonstrates that…
  D 考虑到: given, considering, in view of, thanks to, according toHe succeeded thanks to (in view of) his effort。
  E 依赖于: rely on, depend on, resort to,He resorted to books when he had problems。
  F 条件关系:when, once, as soon as, as long asAs soon as he got the money, he would leave the country at once。
  G? 分词短语,不定式做状语
  Failing in the final exam, she cried。
  2. 对比转折关系
  A 对比:while, whereas, on the other hand在解释句子题,插入句子题中,一旦出现对比关系,学生在掌握的基础上就能非常快速的判定句间和句内的关系。While, whereas 前后连接的是平行结构,on the other hand前必定有on one hand, 可以用来把握句间关系。
  B 转折:but, although, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, however转折是托福阅读的一个经典考点之一,掌握这些转折词对考试非常有帮助。
  3. 比较关系
  A 同级比较 as…as
  B 比较级:more…than, -er than, less…thanC 变化:change, alter, vary, modify, revise, increase, decrease, enhance, diminish, develop, progress, advance, improve, retreat, degenerate 7, continue, remainD 差异:different, distinguish, separate, same, similar, comparable, compare…toE 超越:surpass, exceed, excel, over
  F 最高级
  1)本身有最高级含义:maximum, minimum, peak, outstanding, top2) 本身程度比较深:amazing, surprising, astonishing, prohibitively high3) 否定+比较=最高级
  No one is more outstanding than him。
  从这句话中可以看出,否定加比较表示的是一种最高级关系。
  4. 否定关系
  显性否定:no, not, never, nor, none neither隐形否定:fail to, refuse, remove, miss, reject, absence of, lack of否定前缀:a-, ab-, dis-,? il-, im-, in-, non- , un-否定前缀是词汇题中经常出的一个考点,把握否定前缀可以帮助考生把握一些生词,依靠否定前缀对选项进行一个排除。
  双重否定;not fail to, not illegal, not uncommon 8, not unavailable双重否定是英文中经常运用的表达方式,由于在平时中文对话中用的很少,随意对双重否定的把握就显得特别的重要。
  考生如果能够把握住这四个逻辑关系,就等于部分掌握了托福考试的玄机。最后,祝各位考生考试顺利。
 

adv.因此,从而
  • I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市,因此对它不怎么熟悉。
  • He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民,因而得到了投票权。
vt.刺激,使兴奋;激励,使…振奋
  • Your encouragement will stimulate me to further efforts.你的鼓励会激发我进一步努力。
  • Success will stimulate the people for fresh efforts.成功能鼓舞人们去作新的努力。
灌木( shrub的名词复数 )
  • The gardener spent a complete morning in trimming those two shrubs. 园丁花了整个上午的时间修剪那两处灌木林。
  • These shrubs will need more light to produce flowering shoots. 这些灌木需要更多的光照才能抽出开花的新枝。
v.取得;导出;引申;来自;源自;出自
  • We derive our sustenance from the land.我们从土地获取食物。
  • We shall derive much benefit from reading good novels.我们将从优秀小说中获得很大好处。
vt.开始,创始,发动;启蒙,使入门;引入
  • A language teacher should initiate pupils into the elements of grammar.语言老师应该把基本语法教给学生。
  • They wanted to initiate a discussion on economics.他们想启动一次经济学讨论。
adj.不自然的,假装的
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
v.退步,堕落;adj.退步的,堕落的;n.堕落者
  • He didn't let riches and luxury make him degenerate.他不因财富和奢华而自甘堕落。
  • Will too much freedom make them degenerate?太多的自由会令他们堕落吗?
adj.罕见的,非凡的,不平常的
  • Such attitudes were not at all uncommon thirty years ago.这些看法在30年前很常见。
  • Phil has uncommon intelligence.菲尔智力超群。
标签: 托福阅读
学英语单词
abortiva variola
allegan
amblyeleotris periophthalma
animal husbandry
application for drawback
autoselecting
basic atomic group
be a scorn to
bear-trap
beechy
bepraising
brans-dicke
break-even point
British Radio Communication
broglies
Brumado
Buendia, Embalse de
can-carrier
catch lever
cinoas
clathtate
clowning around
copper stripping electrolysis
Crotalus viridis
decking level
deconjugations
dennisonite (davisonite)
Derrick City
differentiabilities
diplococcus of Morax-Axenfeld
double-current method
El Bejuco
end-of-field marker
equity-warrants
finds oneself
flash of wit
force due of viscosity
gate current degradation
give tongue
glooming
half yearly account
hexaferrite
huskershredder
inertinites
inomyxoma fibromyxoma
Isonin
kerak
kolstad
lay of rope
Lena Trough
limit position of a link
lining method
mafes
malonyl thiourea
megalithic age
methidium
mixed sleep apnea
modem connection
mushroom cloud
notacaphylla chinensiae
occipitoiliac
older sisters
one bath two stage process
overpraises
pay honor to
pentamethazene
Phospatidylcholine
play close to the vest
premonitory pains
primary productivity
proxy attribute
psychic deafness
quarter wave length
queue type
reheating cycle
rim blight
Sabbathesque
sagueiro
sand shell moulding
sand stargazer
saracenis
sillenite
simultaneous prosperity
softball
spread oneself
Stellaria irrigua
stellasteropsis colubrinus
strategic communication
student experience
succinanilide
sunnyside up
take-up bearing
terminal wire
turbo fan
twin engined
unpathetic
vibration ramming
virtual disk system
wack
woodburners
zero power level
zero-water