英语听力：自然百科 热带风潮的革命 Tropicalia Revolution—1

Brazil's history has been expressed through its national passion for music. Samba, the country's dominant musical style, was used by politicians in the '30s in an attempt to create unity and a sense of national identity in this vast multi-racial stat

英语听力：自然百科 从桑巴到巴萨诺瓦 Samba To Bossa—24

Garota de Ipanema, Girl from Ipanema, had been written by Jobim and Vinicius in 1962 as they sat in this bar off Copacabana, watching the girls walk by. They wrote that song just because they saw the same girl passing by the bar, going towards the be

英语听力：自然百科 从桑巴到巴萨诺瓦 Samba To Bossa—22

And in April 1962, the two of them released Jazz Samba, reworking Joao Giilberto and Jobim songs like Desafinado. Remarkably for a jazz album, it became a best-seller and stayed in the American charts for a quite astonishing 70 weeks. Bossa nova sudd

英语听力：自然百科 从桑巴到巴萨诺瓦 Samba To Bossa—21

He was the best lyricist. He never made a mistake with a song of mine. And he would come later with the perfect lyric for the song. He was very successful with women and he was not exactly a good-looking man. He was fat, short, bald. But women, I've

英语听力：自然百科 从桑巴到巴萨诺瓦 Samba To Bossa—20

Tom Jobim wrote many of his songs here in the countryside outside Rio. Jobim lived and worked in the house that his son and grandson are now restoring. He studied a lot Chopin, Debussy, Brahms also. He liked to wake up very early. And hes in this hou

英语听力：自然百科 从桑巴到巴萨诺瓦 Samba To Bossa—19

It is a true story, you know, he used to play his to, to study his guitar and he would study the part of the thumb like this, ting, ting, he would go like that. The thing is there was a cat watching that. And poor cat was justand he would look at the

英语听力：自然百科 从桑巴到巴萨诺瓦 Samba To Bossa—18

I would say bossa nova is a kind of soft samba, maybe played a little bit slower, just with the guitars, simpler, and very light singing, soft singing, and soft guitars doing the rhythm. Not a lot of drums like the big samba schools, maybe just a few

英语听力：自然百科 从桑巴到巴萨诺瓦 Samba To Bossa—17

President Vargas gave Rio the Carnival for which the city became world-famous, but less than two years after his death, a new form of samba emerged that reflected a new political era in Brazil and would bring Rio even more international exposure and

英语听力：自然百科 从桑巴到巴萨诺瓦 Samba To Bossa—16

The unlikely duo of Carmen Miranda and President Vargas had not always found favor within Brazil for their music ideas. But between them, they transformed the international image of Brazil and the Rio music scene by promoting samba and carnival. Duri

英语听力：自然百科 从桑巴到巴萨诺瓦 Samba To Bossa—13

Carmen Miranda came to symbolize Brazil for the outside world, though she had been criticized at home for becoming too westernized. Her sophisticated light-hearted songs had little to do with the everyday struggles of many ordinary Brazilians. They f

英语听力：自然百科 从桑巴到巴萨诺瓦 Samba To Bossa—12

Some said she wasn't a true Brazilian, because she was born in Portugal. But Carmen Miranda conquered Brazil during the 30s and then moved on to the States. Her songs came from the finest writers of the days, including Dorival Caymmi and Ary Barroso,

英语听力：自然百科 从桑巴到巴萨诺瓦 Samba To Bossa—11

Dorival Caymmi, who was photographed with Vargas, became sambas first celebrated solo singer-songwriter. He played guitar in a very peculiar way and he was the first one to be a singer-composer, guitarist like, you know, Bob Dylan. He was a very good

英语听力：自然百科 从桑巴到巴萨诺瓦 Samba To Bossa—10

Samba, of course, was mixed race music, with its roots in both Africa and Europe, and promoting samba suited / the Vargas policy of encouraging Brazilian unity by celebrating ethnic integration. And yet throughout the 1930s, Vargas continued to devel

英语听力：自然百科 从桑巴到巴萨诺瓦 Samba To Bossa—9

The man who transformed Samba was President Getlio Vargas, who seized power with military help in 1930. Vargas controlled Brazil for 18 years, first as a dictator and later as a democratically elected president. He was both an authoritarian and a pop

英语听力：自然百科 从桑巴到巴萨诺瓦 Samba To Bossa—8

Samba and Choro both started out as the homegrown musical styles of the black workers and migrants whod moved to Rio. The songs of the early Samba singers dealt with the realities of everyday life in the city. In the early days, musicians faced not o

英语听力：自然百科 从桑巴到巴萨诺瓦 Samba To Bossa—7

Racial discrimination was now banned in Brazil, but prejudice and the belief in white supremacy was still widespread. So there was outrage in the press that black musicians like Pixinguinha should be allowed to represent Brazil when he and his band O

英语听力：自然百科 从桑巴到巴萨诺瓦 Samba To Bossa—6

In Rio, African rhythms began to mix with European styles. And it was at the house of a Candomble practitioner, a priestess named Tia Ciata, Auntie Ciata, that the first song widely recognized as Carioca samba, samba from Rio, was performed in 1916.

英语听力：自然百科 从桑巴到巴萨诺瓦 Samba To Bossa—5

Everybody came from everywhere else in the country to live here, so even if the original bits of samba may have come from Bahia, from Africa and such and such, uh, Rio, being a more cosmopolitan place, would incorporate all influences and create diff

英语听力：自然百科 从桑巴到巴萨诺瓦 Samba To Bossa—4

In 1888, Brazil became the last major country in the world to officially abolish slavery, 66 years after breaking away from Portugal to become an independent state. Black workers were at last free to leave the plantations. Many headed south to Rio de

英语听力：自然百科 从桑巴到巴萨诺瓦 Samba To Bossa—3

The samba rhythm developed from percussion styles used in Candomble, an African influenced religion which was banned in the slave era. In Candomble ceremonies, drummers call down different gods, or orixas who are said to act as guides and guardians f