美国学生历史 第129期:新党派与新政策(5)

 　　291. The Tariff 1 of Abominations, 1828. 291．可憎的关税（1828年）

　　In 1828 another presidential election was to be held. 1828年要举行新的大选，
　　The manufacturers thought that this would be a good time to ask for even higher protective duties, 制造业者们认为这是要求更高保护性关税的好机会，
　　because the politicians would not dare to oppose the passage of the law for fear of losing votes. 因为政客们害怕失去选票而不敢反对通过这样的法律。
　　The Jackson men hit upon a plan by which they would seem to favor higher duties while at the same time they were really opposing them. 杰克森一帮人想出一个计划，这个计划看起来是支持更高的关税，而实际上是在反对提高关税。
　　They therefore proposed high duties on manufactured goods. 因此，他们提出关于工业品的高关税，
　　This would please the Northern manufacturers. 这是为了取悦北方的制造业者；
　　They proposed high duties on raw materials. 他们提出关于原料的高关税，
　　This would please the Western producers. 这是为了取悦西部的生产者。
　　But they thought that the manufacturers would oppose the final passage of the bill because the high duties on raw materials would injure them very much. 但是，他们认为制造业者最终会反对通过这个法案，因为关于原材料的高关税将更为严重地损害制造业者的利益。
　　The bill would fail to pass, and this would please the Southern cotton growers. 这个法案不会被通过，这将取悦南方的棉花种植者。
　　It was a very shrewd little plan. 这是一个非常精明的小计划，
　　But it did not work. 然而它行不通。
　　The manufacturers thought that it would be well at all events to have the high duties on manufactured goods-perhaps they might before long secure the repeal 2 of the duties on raw materials. 制造业者认为无论怎样提高工业品关税都是可取的，也许他们在不久之后将看到废止关于原材料的关税。
　　The Northern members of Congress voted for the bill, and it passed. 国会中的北方代表给这个法案投赞同票，这个法案得以通过。
　　292. Jackson elected President, 1828. 292．杰克森当选为总统（1828年）
　　In the midst of all this discouragement as to foreign affairs and this contest over the tariff, the presidential campaign of 1828 was held. 外交事务不顺利，关税问题纷争不断，正是在这样的氛围中1828年的总统大选开始了。
　　Adams and Jackson were the only two candidates. 亚当斯和杰克森是仅有的两个候选人，
　　Jackson was elected by a large majority of electoral votes. 杰克森以获得多数选票当选，
　　But Adams received only one vote less than he had received in 1824. 但亚当斯仅仅比1824年选举少得1票。
　　The contest was very close in the two large states of Pennsylvania and New York. 这场竞选与宾夕法尼亚州和纽约州这两个大州密切相关。
　　Had a few thousand more voters in those states cast their votes for Adams, 如果在这两个州中有一千多个选民将票投给亚当斯，
　　the electoral votes of those states would have been given to him, and he would have been elected. 这些有总统选举权的投票将投给他，他就会当选。
　　It was fortunate that Jackson was chosen. 幸运的是杰克森当选了，
　　For a great contest between the states and the national government was coming on. 因为各州与国民政府之间的一场更大的纷争就要到来，
　　It was well that a man of Jackson's commanding strength and great popularity should be at the head of the government. 像杰克森这样有领导魄力且广受欢迎的人应该做政府的首脑，这样是适宜的。