英语分类词汇：进出口贸易

 　　贸易是指国家之间或地区之间进行的货物交易。一笔贸易的完成需要经历许多步骤。其中贸易洽谈就包括询盘、发盘、还盘、接受等过程。洽谈成功后货物的发送、贷款的支付也是一个复杂烦琐的过程。对贸易术语的准确掌握有助于贸易的顺利完成。

　　常见的贸易术语有：
　　贸易顺差、贸易逆差;
　　询盘、发盘、还盘;
　　贸易许可证;
　　索赔、理赔;
　　CIF，CFR，CPT等等。
　　贸易是经济全球化环境下最常见的经济现象，几乎没有一个国家的经济是封闭式的。中国每年的贸易额都在持续增长。中国最主要的出口产品为纺织品、茶叶、农副产品等。主要进口产品为粮食、高附加值工业品和一些高新技术产品。
　　英：
　　C.W.O.
　　Cash With Order, the cost of an item must accompany the order.
　　C.O.D.
　　Cash On Delivery, the cost of an item will be paid when the item is delivered.
　　In stock
　　Goods and materials that a company has available for immediate 1 sale and delivery.
　　Inventory 2
　　The quantity of goods and materials on hand (in stock). Also, a detailed 3,
　　itemized list, report, or record of products in a company’s possession, produced
　　from a survey of all goods and materials in stock.
　　Backlog 4
　　A reserve supply or an accumulation of unfilled orders.
　　Waybill
　　A document giving details and instructions relating to a shipment of goods.
　　Shipping 5 date
　　The date that an order actually starts moving toward a destination.
　　Price quote
　　An officially stated price for goods.
　　List price
　　A basic published or advertised price.
　　Discount
　　A reduction from the full or standard amount of a list price.
　　Shipment
　　Act or instance of shipping goods, or a quantity of goods that are shipped together.
　　Bill of lading
　　A document issued by a carrier to a shipper, listing and acknowledging
　　receipt of goods for transport and specifying 6 terms of delivery.
　　Invoice 7
　　A detailed list of goods shipped or services rendered, with an account of all
　　costs; an itemized bill.
　　Receipt
　　A written acknowledgment that a specified 8 article, sum of money, or shipment of merchandise has been received.
　　Irrevocable Letter of Credit
　　Method of payment most commonly used for imports. The exporter is assured payment when they ship the goods, and the importer is assured that the goods have been dispatched according to their instructions.
　　Shipping documents
　　Documents that an exporter receives from the shipping company.The following terms are often used for price quotes in foreign trade:
　　FOB
　　Free On Board - price includes all costs of goods on a ship or aircraft whose
　　destination is stated in the contract.
　　CIF
　　Price includes Cost, Insurance, Freight to a named port of destination in the
　　buyer’s country.
　　CIP
　　Price includes cost of goods, Carriage (freight), and Insurance Paid by
　　container to a named destination in the buyer’s country.
　　Common carrier
　　Common means of shipping, can be transport truck, barge 9, ship , or train.
　　中：
　　订货付现
　　货款与订单一起交付。
　　货到付款
　　货款在货物送达后支付。
　　现货
　　可以即时销售和交付的货物和材料。
　　存货
　　库存或手头拥有的货物和原料数量。也是公司拥有产品的细目表、报告、产品记录，这是通过对公司的货物库存和原料的调查而产生的。
　　积压未交订货
　　已经下了定单但未交付的订货。
　　运货单
　　关于货物运输详细情况和要求的说明文件。
　　发货日
　　所定货物启运的日期。
　　报价
　　对货物的正式报价。
　　报价单价格
　　基本上是对外公布的或对外宣传的价格。
　　折扣
　　对标准全价的部分减免。
　　发货
　　运装货物的行为或情况。
　　提单
　　承运人开给托运人的单证，证明运输合同成立和证明承运人已接管货物或已将货物装船，同时还明确规定了交货条件。
　　发票
　　运送货物和提供服务的细目单，详细列出了每项费用和总费用。
　　收据
　　收到某件货物、钱或发货通知书的书面确认。
　　不可撤销信用证
　　进口最常用的付款方式。这种方式能确保进出口双方的利益，确保出口商发货后能收到货款，也可以确保进口商货已按要求发出。
　　货运单据
　　出口商从货运公司收到的单据。在国际贸易中经常用到的报价术语
　　FOB
　　离岸价或船上交货价格，卖方承担的义务是在合同规定的装运港和规定的期限内，将货物装上买方指派的船只或飞机并及时通知买方，同时负责支付货物装上船之前的一切费用。
　　CIF
　　到岸价格。包括成本、保险费以及运费, 要求运到卖方指定港口。
　　CIP
　　包括货物费用、运费、承运商支付的保险费，运到买方指定的目的港的价格。
　　公共承运人
　　卡车、驳船、船舶或火车等公共运输工具。