英语六级语法精要：过去完成时
时间：2018-12-18 作者：英语课 分类：大学四六级阅读
英语课
一般过去式和过去完成时的对比：
(1)过去完成时：
过去的过去;
eg：Before I came 1 to Beijing, I had 2 stayed in Shanghai.
① 一个句子里有两个谓语动词，一个发生在前，一个发生在后，发生在前的用一般过去时，发生在后的用过去完成时;
eg：When the police 3 arrived, the thieves 4 had run away.
② 表示意向的动词，如hope 5, wish, expect 6, think, intend 7, mean, suppose 8等，用 过去完成时表示"原本…，却未能…"
eg：We had hoped 9 that you would 10 come, but you didn’t. We had thought 11 that he would take part 12 in the competition，but he didn’t .
③ 虚拟语气：
若虚拟的现象与过去事实相反，则用过去完成时;
eg：If you had come to my birthday party, you would have seen 13 Yaoming.
虚拟语气中可以用had+过去分词，表示对过去事实的虚拟;
3. 一般将来时
(1)shall 14/will, shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替;
eg：Which paragraph 15 shall I read first?
(2)be going 16 to +不定式，表示将来;表示要发生的事情有了预先的计划、准备或有迹象表明要发生;
eg：What are you going to do tomorrow?
What will you do this afternoon?
will表示纯粹的将来;
(3)be +不定式：表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事;
eg：We are to/will discuss 17 the report 18 next Saturday.
(4)be about to +不定式：意为马上做某事，后面不可以接时间状语;
eg：He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意：
(1)一般现在时有时也可表将来;
eg：The train leaves 19 at six tomorrow morning.
① 趋向性动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 20的一般现在时表将来，主 要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
eg：When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.
② 在时间或条件句中，用一般现在时表将来;
eg：I’ll write to you as 21 soon as I arrive in Beijing.
(2)现在进行时也可表将来：通常用于口语，翻译为打算……;
come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等词可以用进行时表将来;
1 came
v.动词come的过去式
- I was surprised why he came here so early.他为什么那么早到这里，我很惊奇。
- The doctor came in time to save his life.医生及时来抢救他的生命。
2 had
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词；conj.有
- I just had a good idea!我有个好主意！
- The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
3 police
n.警察，警察当局，治安，公安；vt.维持治安，警备，管辖
- They sent him over to the police.他们将他遣送警察局。
- It took the police only several days to break the case.警察只用了几天就破案了。
4 thieves
n.小偷，窃贼(复数形)
- a nest of thieves 贼窝
- The thieves took the jewels and then cleaned out. 那些贼拿了首饰，匆匆而去。
5 hope
vt.希望，期望；vi.希望，期待；n.希望，期望
- We hope you can come.我们希望你能来。
- Hope you'll enjoy yourself there.愿您度过愉快的一天。
6 expect
vt.预期，期待，料想
- Don't expect me to run after you all your life.别指望我伺候你一辈子。
- Don't expect too much of his idea.不要对他的主意期望过高。
7 intend
vt.想要，打算；打算使…为；意指，意思是
- How long do you intend to stay with the firm?你准备在公司干多久？
- He did not intend paying the bill.他不打算付账。
8 suppose
v.料想，猜测；假定，以为；（祈使句）让，设
- I suppose he will be back by eight o'clock.我想他八点钟以前会回来。
- Suppose he can't come,who will do the work?如果他不能前来，谁来做这项工作呢？
9 hoped
v.希望，期望( hope的过去式和过去分词 )；[俚语]相信，认为；希望，盼望，期待
- He hoped they would not feel affronted if they were not invited . 他希望如果他们没有获得邀请也不要感到受辱。
- They hoped to enlist the help of the public in solving the crime. 他们希望寻求公众协助破案。
10 would
aux.will的过去式；愿，要；常常；大概；将要，会
- Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说？
- Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗？
11 thought
n.想法，思想，思维，思潮，关心，挂念；v.vbl.think的过去式和过去分词
- It was just a thought.这仅仅是一个想法。
- She thought he had a cold.她认为他感冒了。
12 part
n.部份，零件；角色，部位；vt.分开，分离，分配；vi.分离，离开；adv.部份地；adj.分离的
- This is the broken part.这就是损坏的部件。
- Which part do you play?你演哪一个角色？
13 seen
vbl.(see的过去分词)看见
- Since I left college, I have not seen him.自从我离开大学以后，就没有见过他了。
- I hope to have seen the film next week.我希望下星期能看到这部电影。
15 paragraph
n.段落，短评；vt.将…分段，分段落；vi.写短评
- Each paragraph begins on a new line.每段都另起一行。
- There's a paragraph on the matter in the paper.报纸对这件事有一短篇报道。
16 going
n.去，离去，地面(或道路)的状况，工作情况；(复数形式）goings: 行为；adj.进行中的，流行的，现存的
- We're going to listen to a report this afternoon. 今天下午我们要去听报告。
- He hates leaving the office and going on holiday.他不愿离开办公室去度假。
17 discuss
v.讨论，议论
- Let's discuss it another day.咱们改日再议吧！
- College students always discuss the news.大学生经常讨论新闻。
18 report
n.报告，汇报；传说，传阅；v.报告，报到
- We're going to listen to a report this afternoon.今天下午我们要去听报告。
- I shall report to you.我将向你汇报。
19 leaves
n.树叶，花瓣； leaf 的复数； leave 的单数第三人称现在式
- The walk was covered with leaves.这人行道上满是树叶。
- Will you check on the time the train leaves?请你核对一下火车开出的时间好吗？
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英语六级