大学英语六级阅读部分通关秘籍

 　　大学英语六级阅读部分通关秘籍

　　第一部分 六级快速阅读
　　六级快速阅读概况与解题基本方略：
　　六级的快速阅读和四级快速阅读的形式、比例、分值、包括解题方法都很像。一篇六级速读全长约1000词至1200词左右，需要考生在15分钟内完成，请记住，涂卡时间也是算在这15分钟之内的。
　　倒看原则：先看题目，再 “按图索骥”回到原文中去；
　　标记原则：数据、年代、地名、人名、组织名、大写名称等等经常在题目和原文中互相照应；
　　注意标题：小标题会成为很多题目层次的分界线，下文中并没有出现，但今后的考试中要特别注意。
　　请在10分钟内完成以下题目。
　　The History of Pizza Hut
　　Pizza Hut was started in 1958, by two brothers in Wichita, Kansas. Frank and Dan Carney had the idea to open a pizza parlor 1. They borrowed $600 from their mother, and opened the very first Pizza Hut. In 1959, the first franchise 2 unit opened in Topeka, Kansas. Almost a decade later, Pizza Hut would be serving one million customers a week in their 310 locations. In 1970, Pizza Hut was put on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol PIZ.
　　In 1986, Pizza Hut introduced delivery service, something no other restaurant was doing. By the 1990's Pizza Hut sales had reached $4 billion worldwide. In 1998, Pizza Hut celebrated 3 their 40th anniversary, and launched their famous campaign "The Best Pizzas Under One Roof." In 1996, Pizza Hut sales in the United States were over $5 million. Out of all the existing pizza chains, Pizza Hut had the largest market share, 46.4%. However, Pizza Hut's market share has slowly eroded 4 because of intense competition from their rivals Domino's, Little Caesar's and newcomer Papa John's. Home delivery was a driving force for success, especially for Pizza Hut and Domino's.
　　However, this forced competitors to look for new methods of increasing their customer bases. Many pizza chains decided 5 to diversify 6 and offer new non-pizza items such as buffalo 7 wings, and Italian cheese bread. The current trend in pizza chains today is the same. They all try to come up with some newer, bigger, better, pizza for a low price. Offering special promotions 9 and new pizza variations are popular today as well. For example, chicken is now a common topping found on pizzas.
　　In the past, Pizza Hut has always had the first mover advantage. Their marketing 10 strategy in the past has always been to be first. One of their main strategies that they still follow today is the diversification 11 of the products they offer. Pizza Hut is always adding something new to their menu, trying to reach new markets. For example, in 1992 the famous buffet 12 was launched in Pizza Hut restaurants worldwide. They were trying to offer many different food items for customers who didn't necessarily want pizza.
　　Another strategy they used in the past and are still using is the diversification of their pizzas. Pizza Hut is always trying to come up with some innovative 13 way to make a pizza into something slightly different - different enough that customers will think it’s a whole new product. For example, let's look at some of the pizzas Pizza Hut has marketed in the past. In 1983, Pizza Hut introduced their Pan Pizza, which had a guarantee of being ready to eat in 5 minutes when dining at Pizza Hut restaurants. In 1993, they introduced the "BigFoot," which was two square feet of pizza cut into 21 slices. In 1995, they introduced "Stuffed Crust Pizza," where the crust would be filled with cheese. In 1997, they marketed "The Edge," which had cheese and toppings all the way to the edge of the pizza. Currently, they are marketing "The Big New Yorker," trying to bring the famous New York style pizza to the whole country.
　　Another opportunity that Pizza Hut has is their new ordering online system. Anyone with Internet access can order whatever they wish and get it delivered to their house without even speaking to someone. This program has just been started, so we do not have any numbers to support whether or not it will be a success.
　　Lastly, Pizza Hut has always valued customer service and satisfaction. In 1995, Pizza Hut began two customer satisfaction programs: a 1-800 number customer hotline, and a customer call-back program. These were implemented 14 to make sure their customers were happy, and always wanted to return. In our plan, we will first give a situation analysis of current and relevant environmental conditions that affect our plan. Next, we will give a brief analysis of the current fast food industry, and any trends or changes that might occur in the future.
　　However, the fact that Pizza Hut does have a restaurant to run is also a weakness. Pizza Hut has higher overhead costs, due to the restaurant that other competitors don't have to deal with. Another result of higher overhead costs is higher prices Pizza Hut must charge. Obviously, Pizza Hut is not the low cost producer. They rely on their quality pizza and good service to account for their higher prices.
　　An indirect weakness that Pizza Hut has is that they have lost a lot of their customers and market share due to such intense competition with competitors. Pizza Hut's opportunities are almost endless. They can increase revenue with their new innovative pizzas, and increase brand loyalty 15 with good customer service.
　　Pizza Hut's number one threats are from their competitors. Currently, their closest competitor is Domino's Pizza. Domino's main competitive advantage over Pizza Hut is their price. It is generally lower than Pizza Hut. Also, Domino's was very profitable when they ran the promotional deal of delivering a pizza within 30 minutes. However, many lawsuits 16 have been filed against Domino's in the past for reckless driving by their drivers, so Domino's withdrew the promotion 8. Little Caesar's is another one of Pizza Hut's competitors, right behind Domino's in market share. Little Caesar's is famous for offering large quantities of pizza for less money. Other competitors include Papa John's, Sbarro, and Pizza Inn.
　　A problem facing all of the pizza chains is that each of their individual competitive advantages are pretty much everyone's competitive advantages. Most if not all the top pizza chains offer free delivery, and always have some sort of promotional deal offering large pizzas at reduced prices. Other competitors to take into consideration are frozen pizzas and make-it-yourself pizzas that are purchased in grocery stores. Some examples of these are Tombstone Pizzas, Boboli, and Di'Gornio pizzas.
　　1. Pizza Hut expanded its business into many parts of the country by the time of 1969.
　　2. Pizza Hut has always dominated the market and is free of challenge.
　　3. Fruits and salads are now commonly served at pizza restaurants.
　　4. The diversification strategy is to be the first mover.
　　5. In Pizza Hut, a Pan Pizza was ___________ to serve in 5 minutes.
　　6. If you want a pizza from Pizza Hut delivered directly to your house, you have to have ________ in the first place.
　　7. In order to make sure their customers were happy, Pizza Hut introduced _____________.
　　8. The higher overhead costs of Pizza Hut obviously accounted for ______________
　　9. The reason why Domino’s withdrew their promotion was that they suffered legally from _____
　　10. Major pizza makers 17 have to face the problem that their competitive advantages are _______
　　参考答案
　　1. Y 2. N 3. NG 4. N
　　5. guaranteed
　　6. Internet access
　　7. two customer satisfaction programs
　　8. higher prices of their pizzas
　　9. reckless driving by their drivers
　　10. the same
　　简单解析：
　　快速阅读的解题策略是关键词定位和信息对比。本文主要讲述了必胜客的发展和行业竞争，题目设置较为清楚，根据题干及文章都很容易定位，基本上是一段对应一题。可能在第1、9、10题会有些踌躇，第一题中的1969年对应了文章第一段a decade later，第9题中需要填写遭受（suffer from）的宾语，文中并没有直接点明，而是在第11段中用了一个同义替换的形式“filed against Domino’s in the past for”，最后一题对应文章最后一段中的pretty much。
　　第二部分：六级精读
　　六级精读概况与解题基本方略：
　　六级阅读包括：快读阅读（占全卷10%），简短回答（占全卷5%），精读（占全卷20%）。六级精读共包括两篇文章，做题时间为20分钟左右，最多勿超过25分钟。六级精读词汇量大、句子结构复杂，因而准确解答关键在于两点：定位和理解。通常采用的解题方法是：（1）阅读题干，推断文章主题；（2）确定题型，找出关键词；（3）浏览文章，圈定关键词；（4）理解区域，对比选项。
　　请在12分钟内完成以下题目：
　　The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United states has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid1920s.
　　We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting America’s bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.
　　We now know that these racist 18 views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.
　　Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment 19, than their parents UCLA sociologist 20 Edward Telles has found that the gains don’t continue. Indeed, the fouth generation is marginally worse off than the third James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants, Tells fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks-that large parts of the community may become mired（陷入）in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and Underachievement. Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated 21 to (降入)segregated, substandard schools, and their dropout 22 rate is the highest for any ethnic 23 group in the country.
　　We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption 24 of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own, but as arguments about immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people , once outsiders , don’t forever remain marginalized within these shores.
　　That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest ware 25 of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right.
　　1. How were immigrants viewed by U.S. Congress in early days?
　　A) They were of inferior races.
　　B) They were a Source of political corruption 26.
　　C) They were a threat to the nation’s security.
　　D) They were part of the nation’s bloodstream.
　　2. What does the author think of the new immigrants?
　　A) They will be a dynamic work force in the U.S.
　　B) They can do just as well as their predecessors 27.
　　C) They will be very disappointed on the new land.
　　D) They may find it hard to fit into the mainstream 28.
　　3. What does Edward Telles’ research say about Mexican-Americans?
　　A) They may slowly improve from generation to generation.
　　B) They will do better in terms of educational attainment.
　　C) They will melt into the African-American community.
　　D) They may forever remain poor and underachieving.
　　4. What should be done to help the new immigrants?
　　A) Rid them of their inferiority complex.
　　B) Urge them to adopt American customs.
　　C) Prevent them from being marginalized.
　　D) Teach them standard American English.
　　5. According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is_______.
　　A) How to deal with people entering the U.S. without documents
　　B) How to help immigrants to better fit into American society
　　C) How to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the border
　　D) How to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U.S.
　　Reading in Depth
　　1. A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.B
　　简单解析：
　　本文的五个题目中都提及了new immigrants，因而文章主题是谈“美国新移民”的问题。
　　第一题利用关键词U.S. Congress，定位在文章第二段首句。题干中还有一个重要的信息词in early days，是对第二段首句中的go back to the days的改写，因此答案就在二段首句。
　　第二题的关键词the new immigrants定位在文章三段末句，意思是为什么这些新移民就不能拥有同样的成功。因此在作者看来新移民同样可以和他们的先人一样。
　　第三题通过题干关键词Edward Telles和Mexican-Americans定位在文章第四段的第三句。
　　第四题则利用依次而下的顺序出题原则，可以定位在文章倒数第二段中。由于定位区域比较宽泛，可以利用出题原则帮助进一步定位，文章倒数第二段中连续出现两次转折but，因此段落重心应该是as arguments about immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people, once outsiders, don’t forever remain marginalized within these shores.而题干中考查如何帮助新移民，和此句中的we also ought to近义改写，因此“如何确保这些外来移民不会永远边缘化”，和C同义。
　　第五题可以用the burning issue定位在文章最后一段首句。