时间:2018-12-12 作者:英语课 分类:英语笔译


英语课

   例1、满地黄花堆积,憔悴损、而今有谁堪摘?


  林译:Let fallen flowers lie where they fall./ To what purpose/ And for whom should I decorate?
  杨译:Fallen chrysanthemums 1 piled up on the ground,/ So withered,/ Who would pluck them?
  徐译:About the ground, chrysanthemums are bestrewn./ Gathering 2 into heaps-bruised-withering soon. / With myself in utter misery 3 and gloom, / Who cares to save them from their approaching doom 4?
  许译:The ground is covered with yellow flowers,/ Faded and fallen in showers. / Who will pick them up now?
  解析:1)词人以花喻人,凋零的菊花,散落在地,无人问津。自己也同样如此,山河破碎,身世浮沉,无人怜惜。
  2)“满地黄花堆积”中较为难翻的是“堆积”这个词。林译只是表明花落,并未体现“堆积”二字。徐译虽然将原词意思完整表达出,但言语不够精简。许译的“Faded and fallen in showers”,可谓佳译,十分生动形象。至于”黄花“一词,原文指代黄色菊花,林译“fallen flowers”过于笼统,“chrysanthemum”和“yellow flowers”都可以,但前者个人觉得比较生僻,且发音略微艰涩,用作译文不太符合诗歌朗朗上口的特点,也并非指黄色菊花。
  3)“憔悴损”不仅是菊花凋谢枯萎,也代表词人自己身体瘦弱,面色蜡黄。林译和徐译体现了由物及人的一个转变,但徐译语言略显臃肿。
  例2、守着窗儿,独自怎生得黑?
  林译:By the window shut, / Guarding it alone,/ To see the sky has turned so black!
  杨译:Leaning on the window,/ How can I pass the time till night alone?
  徐译:Standing 5 by the window-watching in anguish 6 stark,/ Could I bear alone the sight until it is dark?
  许译:Sitting alone at the window, how/ Could I but quicken/ The pace of darkness that won’t thicken?
  解析:1)这两句描写出词人孤苦寂寞,连熬到天黑都觉不易。
  2)林译对原词有所误解,一处是“守着窗儿”的守,不应是“guard”作守卫,守护的意思。其他译者的“lean on”,“ stand by”, “sit at”都可以。另一处是后面的“独自怎生得黑”,原词的意思是难以熬到天黑,而不是林译中的“the sky has turned so black”,天色已是一片漆黑。
  3)徐译和许译对后一句动词的处理比较好,选用了“bear”和 “quicken”两个词,生动形象地再现了词人寂寞冷清,度日如年的心态,杨译的“pass”相较则略显平淡。
  例3、梧桐更兼细雨,到黄昏、点点滴滴。
  林译:And the drizzle 7 on the kola nut/ Keeps on droning:/ Pit-a-pat, pit-a-pat!
  杨译:The drizzle falls on the wutong trees, / Raindrops drip down at dusk.
  徐译:Against the tung and plane trees, the wind rises high./ The drizzle becomes trickles 8, as even draws nigh.
  许译:On plane’s broad leaves a fine rain drizzles/ As twilight 9 grizzles.
  解析:1)雨打梧桐,是中国古典诗词中一个十分典型的文化意象,秋雨淅沥,满绪愁思。此句翻译内容较为容易,但若是传神则较为困难,特别是“点点滴滴”这一拟声词。
  2)许译的“drizzle”, “grizzle”和徐译的“drizzle”, “trickle”都采用了拟声词,保留了原文的意境,且注重押韵,展现原词的音韵美。
  3) 林译更为生动传神。“droning”体现了秋雨单调低沉的声音,而最后的“pit-a-pat, pit-a-pat”拟声词更是神来之笔,不仅富有音乐美,画面感也十分强烈。
  例4、这次第,怎一个愁字了得!
  林译:Is this the kind of mood and moment/ To be expressed / By one word “sad”?
  杨译:At a time like this, / What immense sorrow I must hear!
  徐译:How, in the word “Miserable”, can one find-/ The total effects of all these on the mind!
  许译:Oh, what can I do with a grief/ Beyond belief!
  解析:1)“这次第”总概上文,笔锋急收,“怎一个愁字了得”,情感喷薄而出。愁的不仅是自己的孤苦寂寞,更是国破家亡的痛心疾首。“这次第”三词概括了上述的种种情景,四位译者的译文皆可,但值得一提的是林译“Is this the kind of mood and moment”在表意的同时兼顾押头韵,体现译者深厚的功底。
  2)“愁”字为此句字眼,四位译者对“愁”字的处理各不相同。林译选择“sad”,虽然用引号括出,表明其暗含深意,但仍然略显单薄。杨译选用“immense sorrow”,增加了程度修饰成分体现悲痛的深重。徐译的“Miserable”在体现悲痛的同时,选择使用引号和大写这一方式凸显这一词。许译“a grief beyond belief”对原词进行了一定的转化,特别是后面的“beyond belief”较好体现词人的愁思。
  中国古典诗词的翻译一直比较难以“形神兼备”,在表达最基础的原文意思的同时,还要追求最大程度地再现原文的韵律、文化和风格更是不易。以上四种译文皆是大家译作,可圈可点。古典文学的翻译任重道远,学习和借鉴名家名作是较为常见和可取的方法。

1 chrysanthemums
n.菊花( chrysanthemum的名词复数 )
  • The cold weather had most deleterious consequences among the chrysanthemums. 寒冷的天气对菊花产生了极有害的影响。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The chrysanthemums are in bloom; some are red and some yellow. 菊花开了, 有红的,有黄的。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
2 gathering
n.集会,聚会,聚集
  • He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
  • He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。
3 misery
n.痛苦,苦恼,苦难;悲惨的境遇,贫苦
  • Business depression usually causes misery among the working class.商业不景气常使工薪阶层受苦。
  • He has rescued me from the mire of misery.他把我从苦海里救了出来。
4 doom
n.厄运,劫数;v.注定,命定
  • The report on our economic situation is full of doom and gloom.这份关于我们经济状况的报告充满了令人绝望和沮丧的调子。
  • The dictator met his doom after ten years of rule.独裁者统治了十年终于完蛋了。
5 standing
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
6 anguish
n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦,烦恼
  • She cried out for anguish at parting.分手时,她由于痛苦而失声大哭。
  • The unspeakable anguish wrung his heart.难言的痛苦折磨着他的心。
7 drizzle
v.下毛毛雨;n.毛毛雨,蒙蒙细雨
  • The shower tailed off into a drizzle.阵雨越来越小,最后变成了毛毛雨。
  • Yesterday the radio forecast drizzle,and today it is indeed raining.昨天预报有小雨,今天果然下起来了。
8 trickles
n.细流( trickle的名词复数 );稀稀疏疏缓慢来往的东西v.滴( trickle的第三人称单数 );淌;使)慢慢走;缓慢移动
  • Trickles of sweat rained down my head and neck. 我颈上头上的汗珠,更同盛雨似的,一颗一颗的钻出来了。 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说
  • Water trickles through an underground grotto. 水沿着地下岩洞流淌。 来自辞典例句
9 twilight
n.暮光,黄昏;暮年,晚期,衰落时期
  • Twilight merged into darkness.夕阳的光辉融于黑暗中。
  • Twilight was sweet with the smell of lilac and freshly turned earth.薄暮充满紫丁香和新翻耕的泥土的香味。
标签: 李清照
学英语单词
acquaint with the market conditions
add up error
anatomicals
andys
aquatintists
battles of poitiers
bectus
black-marketeerings
bleed hole
BNL injector linac
camera range
cargo war cancellation
carvill
caseworking
Catalina coupon
chest cavities
cholesteryl ester
circumincessions
closure plan of ice wall
clump weight
cone roof tank
converted length of a locomotive
coproprietor
corrected offsets
decorative art
deskbound
draw for prize
duty allowance
electrochemical oscillation
erect spin
eupatolide
external leading
foliated
fracker
frequency magnitude coefficient
galerna
Ghaswānī
glass fiber reinforced polypropylene
Great Russia
guttierez
hereditary spinabifida
hiromurex winckworthi
hope to hell
idioted
increasing benefit loop
katunda
legis.
lithe
lobite tuberculosis
lump sinter
mail programs
makeshift device
male contact
market adminstration
master-die
methyl valerate
microcomputer types
moment change detect (mcd)
mussa
n'test
named place of destination
negativized
Nobedorm
obstruents
oxyacetylene flame
pathogens
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positive ion deterioration
punk rocker
quadricyclanes
qualitative safety goal
quinquesyllables
rated maximum pressure
RF receiver
Rhododendron dendrocharis
rohtang
roll sweep
romper rooms
saponule
scotosis
screening trommel
sensitizing
ship control and interception station
ship-breaking
simulated flame out
sir jacob epsteins
slablike
slit width
sound refraction
spiny sow thistle
St-Josse
steam chests
stood in the way of
stoog
three-phase wattmeter
tickbird
too much freedom
tsavo
useful length of screw thread
velocity sensitive transducer
window counter
wire stretcher