新GRE填空三空练习题

 　　1. In Democracies and its Critics, Robert Dahl defends both democratic value and pluralist democracies, or polyarchies. Dahl argues convincingly that the idea of democracy rests on political equality—the equality capacity of all citizens to determine or (i)___ collective decisions. Of course, as Dahl recognizes, if hierarchical ordering is (ii)___ in any structure of government, and if no society can guarantee perfect equality in the resources that may give rise to political influence, the democratic principle of political equality is (iii)___ of full realization 2. So actual systems can be deemed democratic only as approximations to the ideal.

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　　A differ profoundly D reverse G distinction
　　B convergent 3 E conventionality H equilibrium 4
　　C slightly differentiate 5 F similarity I dissemination 6
　　2. Although the legal systems of England and the United States are superficially similar, they (i)___in their approaches to and uses of legal reasons: substantive 7 reasons in the United States, whereas in England the (ii) ___ is true. This (iii)___ reflects a difference in the visions of law that prevail in the two counties. In England the law has traditionally been viewed as a system of rules; the United States favors a vision of law as an outward expression of the community’s sense of right and justice.
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　　A hamper 8 D circumstantial G incapable 9
　　B influence E inevitable 10 H determined 11
　　C incorporate F neutral I possible
　　3. Although some censure 12 became (i)___ during the 1980s, Dahl himself seems to support some of such earlier criticism. Although he (ii)___ that some Western intellectuals demand more democracy from polyarchies than is possible, he nevertheless ends his book by asking what changes in structures and consciousness might make political life more (iii)___ in present polyarchies.
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　　A a fixed 13 number of D revolution H reproduction of older ones
　　B abundant E disease G modification 14 of connections
　　C minimal 15 F generation I deduction 16 of similarities
　　4. A major tenet of the neurosciences has been that all neurons (nerve cells) in the brains of vertebrate animals are formed early in development. An adult vertebrate, it was believed, must make do with (i)___ neurons: those lost through (ii)___ or injury are not replaced, and adult learning takes place not through generation of new cells but through (iii)___ among existing ones.
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　　A characterized D monocratic G reveals
　　B subdued 17 E gerontocracic H regrets
　　C overruled F democratic I approves
　　5. Evidence that the defendant 18 in a criminal prosecution 19 has a prior conviction may (i)___ jurors to presume the defendant’s guilt 20, because of their preconception that a person previously 21 convicted of a crime must be inclined toward repeated criminal behavior. That commonly held belief is at least a (ii)___; not all former convicts engage in repeated criminal behavior. Also, jury may give more probative weight than objective analysis would allow to vivid photographic evidence depicting 22 a shooting victim’s wounds, or may (iii)___ the weight of defense 23 testimony 24 that is not delivered in a sufficiently 25 forceful or persuasive 26 manner.
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　　A stimulate 27 D partial distortion of reality G underestimate
　　B deter 1 E vivid reflection of imagination H exaggerate
　　C participate F precise calculation of certainty I reflect
　　6. The usage suggests that the creation and critical interpretation 28 of literature are not (i)___ but mechanical processes; that the author of any piece of writing is not (ii)___ artist, but merely a laborer 29 who cobbles existing materials (words) into more or less conventional structures. The term deconstruction implies that the text has been put together like a building or a piece of machinery 30, and that it is in need of being taken apart, not so much in order to (iii)___ it as to demonstrate underlying 31 inadequacies, false assumptions, and inherent contradictions.
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　　A instructive D a derivative 32 G repair
　　B literal E an insipid 33 H qualify
　　C organic F an inspired I construct
　　7. Most psychologists, perplexed 34 by the feelings they acknowledge are aroused by aesthetic 35 experience, have claimed that these emotions are genuine, but different in kind from nonaesthetic emotions. This, however, is (i)___ rather than an empirical observation and consequently lacks explanatory value. On the other hand, Gombrich argues that emotional responses to art are (ii)___; art triggers remembrances of previously experienced emotions. These debates have prompted the psychologist Radford to argue that people do experience real melancholy 36 or joy in responding to art, but that these are (iii)___ responses precisely 37 because people know they are reacting to illusory stimuli 38.
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　　A a descriptive distinction D vivacious 39 G zealous 40
　　B a body of profound knowledge E synonymous H lugubrious 41
　　C a valid 42 evidence F ersatz I irrational 43
　　8. Until recently many astronomers 44 believed that asteroids 46 travel about the solar system (i)___ satellites. These astronomers assumed this because they considered asteroid 45-satellite systems inherently (ii)___. Theoreticians could have told them otherwise: even minuscule 47 bodies in the solar system can theoretically have satellites, as long as everything is in proper scale. If a bowling 48 ball were orbiting about the Sun in the asteroid belt, it could have a pebble 49 orbiting it as far away as a few hundred radii 50 (or about 50 meters) (iii)___ the pebble to the Sun’s gravitational pull.
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　　A unaccompanied by D scathing 51 G without losing
　　B unprecedented 52 by E unstable 53 H before reaping
　　C unparalleled by F soporific I as well as easing
　　9. For analytical 54 purposes (i)___ political conduct has traditionally been divided into two categories. However, there are some common crimes that are so (ii)___ from a political act that the entire offense 55 is regarded as political. These crimes, which are called "(iii)___" political offenses 56, are generally nonextraditable.
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　　A salutary D unpredictable G aristocracy
　　B equality E general H promotion 57
　　C complicated F efficacious I grandiloquence 58
　　10. Social democracy is a general ethical 59 ideal, looking to human (i)___ and brotherhood 60, and inconsistent, in its radical 61 form, with such institutions as the family and (ii)___ property. Democratic government, on the contrary, is merely a means to an end, an (iii)___ for the better and smoother government of certain states at certain junctures 62. It involves no special ideals of life; it is a question of policy, namely, whether the general interest will be better served by granting all people an equal voice in elections.
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　　A illegal D inseparable G ambiguous
　　B political E distinct H vague
　　C licit F capricous I relative
　　答案：ADH CDI AFH BDI AEG ADI CFH AEH BEG ADG