科学美国人60秒 SSS Cut Road Deaths with Mountain Lions-英语课

时间：2019-02-14 作者：英语课 分类：2016年Scientific American(八)月

英语课

Are you afraid of sharks? What about snakes or spiders? Put those fears aside: because in the U.S. you’re far more likely to be killed or injured by a deer bounding across the road.

Bambi and his kind cause more 200 humans deaths each year, plus some 29,000 injuries, all because of 1.2 million collisions between vehicles and deer. Most incidents occur in the eastern U.S., where deer thrive without natural predators 1 like wolves and mountain lions.

"That's the region in the U.S. where deer-vehicle collisions are such a problem, and where it seems like an effective large carnivore restoration could make a really big difference."

University of Washington wildlife biologist Laura Prugh. She thinks it would help to reintroduce predators like mountain lions, also known as cougars 3, pumas 4 or panthers, to parts of their historic range from which they've been driven out.

Crunching 5 the numbers, the researchers say that bringing the big cats back to the eastern U.S. would mean 22 percent fewer collisions between cars and deer over three decades. Each year would see five fewer human deaths, 680 fewer injuries and a savings 6 of some $50 million. [Sophie L. Gilbert et al., Socioeconomic benefits of large carnivore recolonization through reduced wildlife-vehicle collisions, in Conservation Letters]

"Cougars have shown that they can coexist in close proximity 7 with people, with very few conflicts, in a lot of areas out west."

Still, some folks might be understandably nervous about this kind of plan. After all, reintroducing predators doesn't come without risks to pets and to livestock 8, and very occasionally to people.

"Our fear of large carnivores is so primal 9 and ingrained that I don't think it's possible to just completely override 10 it with statistics…what I hope is that knowing that there actually can be some measurable benefits might make people a little more favorably inclined and maybe balance that fear a little bit."

Indeed, the statistics show that cougars would prevent five times as many human deaths from deer-related accidents as they would cause by attacks. But it’ll be a tough sell: the press will cover cougar 2 attacks, but a statistically 11 prevented death does not make the news. Nevertheless, “If people in Hollywood can put up with having mountain lions around, I would hope that New Yorkers would be up for the challenge as well."

—Jason G. Goldman

[The above text is a transcript 12 of this podcast.]

1 predators

n.食肉动物( predator的名词复数 )；奴役他人者（尤指在财务或性关系方面）

birds and their earthbound predators 鸟和地面上捕食它们的动物
The eyes of predators are highly sensitive to the slightest movement. 捕食性动物的眼睛能感觉到最细小的动静。来自《简明英汉词典》

2 cougar

n.美洲狮；美洲豹

I saw a cougar slinking toward its prey.我看到一只美洲狮正在潜随猎物。
I have never seen a cougar.我从未见过美洲豹。

3 cougars

n.美洲狮( cougar的名词复数 )

Cougars can kill animals eight times their size. 美洲狮可以杀死八倍于自身体积的动物。来自互联网

4 pumas

n.美洲狮( puma的名词复数 )；彪马；于1948年成立于德国荷索金劳勒(Herzogenaurach)的国际运动品牌；创始人：鲁道夫及达斯勒。