时间:2019-02-13 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   句子中用来说明主语的动作或存在的状态的部分,叫谓语。谓语一般位于主语之后,谓语中最重要的部分是谓语动词,它有时态、语态和语气的变化,并受主语人称和数的影响;既然谓语是以动词为中心的,那么,我们研究谓语就从动词入手。(附:△动词)


  (一)、动词的意义:表示动作或状态。
  (二)、动词的用法:1、作谓语动词;2、可以有自己的状语;3、及物动词有自己的宾语。
  (三)、动词的分类:
  1、行为动词(或实义动词,v.),占动词数量的绝大多数,具有明确的动作意义,行为动词分为不及物动词和及物动词,不及物动词本身词义完整,可以独立作谓语,及物动词本身词义不完整,必须后跟宾语共同作谓语;
  2、连系动词(link v.),起连接主语和表语的作用,本身有一定的词义,但是较弱,它和实意动词一样有时态和语态的变化,也受主语的人称和数的影响。连系动词可分为两大类:1)表示存在的连系动词,如:be,keep,look, smell, taste, sound, feel, remain(仍是,保持), seem(好像),lie(处于),appear(呈现)等; 2)表示变化、形成的连系动词,如:become, get, turn, fall(变成),come(实现),grow(变成)等。
  3、助动词(aux v.),用以帮助行为动词和联系动词,构成各种时态、语态、语气,或构成疑问、否定、强调等句子结构;常见的助动词有:be, do, have, will ( shall 1 )。助动词一般无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能和行为动词或联系动词共同作谓语动词。 注意:上述四个助动词都兼有另外的动词类别,在不同的语境中扮演着不同的角色:
  be
  a、助动词,帮助动词的现在分词构成进行时;帮助动词的过去分词构成被动语态;
  We are running 2 on the playground.
  The flowers are often watered by me.
  b、联系动词,表示存在,和它的表语共同构成谓语。
  We are ready for the exam 3.
  I am in Beijing now.
  do
  a、助动词,帮助行为动词构成否定句、疑问句、或对行为动词加以强调。
  I don't know the man.
  I do believe 4 my answer is right.
  b、行为动词,“做”,例如:do shopping , do homework , do sports …等等。
  have
  a、助动词,帮助动词的过去分词构成完成时。
  b、行为动词,“有”、“让……(做),使……(做)”。
  I have a new MP4. / I have had 5 my hair cut.
  will
  a、助动词,帮助行为动词构成将来时。
  He will visit China next year.
  b、情态动词,表示"意愿"。― Will you please…? /― Sorry, I won't.
  4、情态动词
  情态动词又被称作情态助动词,有一定的词义,主要用来表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度或看法,表示能力、允许、请求、必要、可能、需要等。初中阶段出现的情态动词有:can / could 6, may/might, must, shall/should,
  由此可见,行为动词、联系动词是谓语动词的核心,助动词和情态动词在谓语动词中起辅助作用(帮助构成各种时态、语态、语气、疑问、否定和强调)。因此,行为动词和联系动词决定着谓语的形式,从而演变出了简单句的五种基本句型( ①、②、③、④、⑤ ):
  1、当谓语动词是联系动词时,谓语的形式是:联系动词+表语,所构成的简单句的基本句型是:
  ①“主语+联系动词+表语”,即“主系表”结构。
  2、当谓语动词是行为动词时,又分为以下四种情况:
  (1)、当谓语动词是不及物动词时,其后没有宾语,独自构成谓语,所构成的简单句的基本句型是:
  ②“主语+不及物动词”。即“主谓”结构。
  (2)、当谓语动词是及物动词时,其后必须跟宾语,及物动词和其宾语一起构成谓语。根据所跟宾语的形式(单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语),又构成了三种简单句的基本句型:
  ③“主语+及物动词+宾语”,即“主谓宾”结构。
  ④“主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”,即“主谓双宾语”结构。
  ⑤“主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语”,宾语和宾语补足语称作复合宾语,所以称作“主谓复合宾语”结构。
  下面就针对谓语中所包含的表语和宾语进行阐述:
  1、表语
  表语在句中用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征、状态、职业、内容、数量、(动作)方向或处所等。表语一般位于连系动词之后,二者共同构成谓语。可以担任表语的有:名词、代词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、动名词、数词以及从句(表语从句)等。例如:
  (1)、名词
  Mr. Black is a worker. (名词,表示身份。)
  Ann is an American girl.
  Five years later 7, he turned an engineer 8.
  (1)、形容词
  Those flowers are nice.(形容词,表示性质或特征。)
  I felt sorry for them. (形容词,表示状态。)
  We must keep healthy. (连系动词keep+形容词作表语)
  This book looks new.
  The baby falls asleep 9.(连系动词fall+表语形容词作表语)
  (3)、代词
  ― Who is it? (疑问代词,表示身份。)
  ― It's me. (代词宾格,表示身份。)
  These are something new. (不定代词,表示内容。)
  The man in the picture is himself 10. (反身代词,表示身份。)
  The right answer is that. (指示代词,表示内容。)
  (4)、动词不定式
  To see is to believe. (动词不定式,表示内容。)
  My aim 11 is to become a doctor.(系动词be+不定式作表语,表示内容。)
  (5)、动名词
  Seeing is believing 12. (动名词,表示内容。)
  My job is teaching 13 English. (动名词短语,表示内容。)
  (6)、介词短语
  Mike is from England. (表示动作方向)
  Your book is on the desk. (表示处所。)
  (7)、副词
  ― Is Bill 14 in? (此处的in是副词:“在家”,表示处所。)
  ― No, he is out. (此处的out是副词:“在外面”,表示处所。)
  (8)、数词
  The telephone number is 3332117. (基数词,表示内容。)
  Three minus 15 two is one. (基数词,表示内容。)
  Who is first in the high jump? (序数词独立作表语时前面不加the)
  He is always the first to come. (to come 作 first 的定语,前面加the 。)
  (9)、表语从句
  That's why I want to stay here. (表语从句,表示内容。)

v.aux.(主要用于第一人称)将
  • I shall always love you.我将永远爱你。
  • Which club shall we join?我们要参加哪个社团?
n.赛跑,流出,运转;adj.流动的,跑着的,连续的
  • I like running.我喜欢跑步。
  • The water is running out.水流出来了。
n.(=examination)检查;考试
  • I hope to pass this exam.我希望通过这次考试。
  • His exam results were good.他的测验成绩不错。
v.相信;认为
  • Believe it or not,that's the way it is.信不信由你,反正事情就是这样。
  • I believe what you say.我相信你的话。
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有
  • I just had a good idea!我有个好主意!
  • The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
v.能,可能(can的过去式);aux.v.(can的过去式)能;可以
  • Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗?
  • I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。
adv.过后,后来;adj.以后的,更后的,较晚的
  • He didn't turn up until half an hour later.半小时后他才出现。
  • This part of the hospital was built on later.医院的这个部分是后来增建的。
n.工程师;v.设计,制造;vt.操纵,设计,建造
  • She looks like an engineer.她看上去像个工程师。
  • My father is an engineer.我的父亲是工程师。
adj.睡熟了的,麻木的;adv.熟睡地
  • The baby seems to be asleep.那婴孩好像是睡着了。
  • My right foot is asleep.我的右脚麻木了。
pron.他自己
  • He is proud of himself.他为自己感到自豪。
  • He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。
n.目标,对准;v.对准目标,打算
  • He has a high aim in life.他的人生目标很高。
  • He spent most of his life without aim.他毫无目标地度过了大半生。
n.教学,执教,任教,讲授;(复数)教诲
  • We all agree in adopting the new teaching method. 我们一致同意采取新的教学方法。
  • He created a new system of teaching foreign languages.他创造了一种新的外语教学体系。
(Bill)比尔(男名);n.帐单,钞票,票据,清单;议案,法案;广告;鸟嘴,喙;vt.开帐单,用海报宣传,把...列成表
  • Bill is both a good swimmer and a good cook.比尔不仅是个游泳好手,而且是个烹调能手。
  • It will save trouble if you pay the bill now.如果你现在付账就没事了。
n.负号;adj.减的,负的,阴性的;prep.减,缺
  • The temperature was minus 30 degrees.气温为零下30度。
  • He seems to have mistaken a minus for a plus.他似乎把负号误作正号了。
标签: 谓语
学英语单词
-laik
A. S. A. R.
aldis lamp
aliphatic sesquiterpene
allocation of well rates
Anaplasma centrale
anomalous trichromat
appeals courts
arteriae mesenterica superior
astern moving blade
awshucks
Bacillus actinoides
balance pan
bigram
byte operand
capsicum annuum longums
carack
cider
Clematis pseudopogonandra
compulsory trust
creeper gear
d'oeuvres
Daily Cut-Off
dairy lactic acid bacterium
dendropathology
dichroic coating
distinguishing test
doctors of optometry
DQM
drongo
ecolinguistics
electric osmosis
family pezizaceaes
favorable trade balance
Filiouri
French Communist Party
gaussian response
gel test
gilboform
give countenance to
Gyobyu Res.
handing of results
harping on the same string
hectic flush
horse-fish
hum modulation factor
hydrostatic weighting
i-paied
ICRU
in fyll rig
keel strake
kroichick
latexed
Liceales
linkage
lutescens
market target
mathur
medfords
neatlines
Nirvanil
Nolvik
nutrient chemistry
ochterus marginatus
omophagias
operating voltage in a system
oxide film insulation
paramilitary organization
phisical network
podetium(pl.podetia)
polarization of polymer
pore mushroom
portuguese escudoes
prefinalization
Ptinidae
Ptychosperma
pythonesses
radiating matter
rami apicalis
Red Indian
reinitiation site
resegregrate
residual shim
resorptions
round strand wire ropes
sea gravel
sensitizing center
silver grays
simple probability
Smilax mairei
speechread
superior cerbellar veins
Svensk Filmindustri
Tebingtinggi, Pulau
tetras
theares
thermal infrared imager
thin shell structure
towerlet
weedkiller
winding arrangement
Windows event log