电脑英语计算机病毒

　　[00:00.00]Chapter 7

[00:00.91]第七章

[00:01.83]Computer Virus

[00:03.17]计算机病毒

[00:04.52]Dialogue  1

[00:05.56]句型1

[00:06.61]A: Do you have virus protection software on your PC?

[00:09.51]你的电脑有防毒软件吗？

[00:12.41]B:No, I'm always installing new software, and getting rid of old programs.

[00:15.93]没有，我一向装用新软件，旧的程序则删除。

[00:19.46]Virus protection software usually makes that more of a hassle.

[00:22.58]防毒软件往往只会增加麻妨。

[00:25.70]A:But what will you do if you get a virus?

[00:28.41]不过万一染上病毒怎么办？

[00:31.11]B: I guess I'll just reformat my hard drive and start over.

[00:34.14]我想我会把硬盘再格式化一次，然后重新开始。

[00:37.17]Dialogue   2

[00:38.41]句型2

[00:39.65]A: Computer prices are really coming down.

[00:41.22]电脑价格一直在下降。

[00:42.79]B: Not for me they're not.

[00:44.00]对我才不是呢。

[00:45.22]A:What do you mean?

[00:46.39]怎么回事？

[00:47.57]B:I mean my wife has discovered how to shop on the web!

[00:50.13]我是说我太太发现了如何上网“购物”啦！

[00:52.69]Dialogue    3

[00:53.86]句型3

[00:55.04]This is a mouse, With the mouse we can move the cursor very quickly.

[00:57.84]这是鼠标，用它可以快速移动光标。

[01:00.63]Look at the screen, See the little line that blinks?

[01:02.93]你看屏幕，看见那个闪烁的小线没有？

[01:05.23]That's the cursor.

[01:06.17]那就是光标。

[01:07.11]You can begin to type there.

[01:08.88]你可以从那儿开始打字。

[01:10.66]B: But I don't want to type there.

[01:12.01]可是我不要在那儿打。

[01:13.35]A: Then move the cursor.

[01:14.59]那就移动光标。

[01:15.83]Watch, I'll hold the mouse in my hand.

[01:18.00]注意看，我手握鼠标。

[01:20.17]Now I'll move it across the table.

[01:21.91]然后在桌面上移动。

[01:23.64]See the cursor move?

[01:24.69]看见光标动了吧？

[01:25.73]Dialogue   4

[01:26.88]句型4

[01:28.03]A: I tried to copy a letter to another disk.

[01:30.07]我试着把一封信拷贝到另一个磁盘。

[01:32.11]But I pressed the wrong key.

[01:33.65]但是按错了键。

[01:35.19]I erased 2 my most important letter.

[01:37.19]把最要紧的信给删除了。

[01:39.19]B: That's all right.

[01:40.00]不要紧。

[01:40.81]We always have a backup copy.

[01:42.18]我们一向有备份。

[01:43.55]A:I don't know .I deleted the backup. too.

[01:45.89]我不知道行不行。我把备份也删除了。

[01:48.23]B: Well, we still have a hard copy.

[01:49.79]哦，我们还有输出的副本。

[01:51.36]It's in the file cabinet.

[01:52.54]它就在档案柜里。

[01:53.71]Passsage    Computer   Virus

[01:55.94]计算机病毒

[01:58.18]Professional Terms

[01:59.68]专业术语

[02:01.18]employee  n.

[02:03.09]雇员

[02:05.00]essential  a.

[02:07.20]本质的

[02:09.41]favorite  a.

[02:11.28]特别喜爱的

[02:13.15]hire  vt.

[02:14.99]雇佣

[02:16.83]integrity  n.

[02:18.87]完整（性）

[02:20.90]intentionally 3  ad.

[02:22.97]有意地

[02:25.03]intervention 4  n.

[02:26.70]干预

[02:28.38]motive  n.

[02:29.94]动机

[02:31.51]pervasiveness  n.

[02:33.72]弥漫，蔓延

[02:35.92]replicate  vt.

[02:37.86]重复

[02:39.79]subsequently  ad.

[02:41.96]以下

[02:44.13]subtly  ad.

[02:46.00]微妙的

[02:47.86]unaffected   ad.

[02:50.29]未受影响的

[02:52.72]uninfected  a.

[02:55.09]未受传染的

[02:57.45]virus  a.

[02:59.36]病毒

[03:01.26]whatever   n.

[03:03.11]不管怎样的，任何的

[03:04.95]What is a computer virus?

[03:06.95]何谓计算机病毒？

[03:08.94]A computer virus is one kind of threat to the security and integrity of computer systems.

[03:13.20]计算机病毒是危极计算机系统安全与完整的一种威胁。

[03:17.46]Like other threats ,a computer virus can cause the loss or alteration 5 of programs or data.

[03:21.68]象其它威胁一样的是，计算机病毒可以引起程序或数据的丢失或改变。

[03:25.90]Unlike many other threats,a computer virus can be spread from program to program and from system to system without direct human intervention.

[03:33.79]与很多其它威胁不同的是，计算机病毒可以在没有人的直接干预下，从一个程序传播到另一个程序，从一个系统传播到另一个系统。

[03:41.68]notes

[03:42.48]注意事项

[03:43.29]He was covered with snow from head to foot.

[03:45.96]他身上从头到脚都是雪。

[03:48.62]He stuck to his post from beginning to end.

[03:51.09]他自始至终一直坚守岗位。

[03:53.56]The essential component 6 of a virus is a set of instructions which

[03:56.59]计算机病毒的基本组成部分是这样一组指令，

[03:59.62]when executed ,spreads itself to other ,previously 7 unaffected, programs or files.

[04:04.10]当这组指令被执行时，它就会被传播到本来没受过影响的程序或文件上。

[04:08.58]First , it copies itself into previously uninfected programs or files.

[04:12.50]第一种作用是要把它自身拷贝到以前未受感染的程序或文件上。

[04:16.42]Second (perhaps after a specific number of executions, or on a specific date) it executes whatever other instructions the virus author included in it.

[04:24.37]第二种作用是（也许是在某特定的执行次数以后，或者在某个特定日期）执行病毒作者所隐含在其中的别的什么指令。

[04:32.33]Depending on the motives 8 of the virus author, these instructions can do anything at all.

[04:36.58]根据病毒作者的动机，这些指令完全能做出任何事情。

[04:40.84]including displaying a message ,erasing 9 files or subtly altering stored data.

[04:45.56]包括：显示某种信息，抹去某些文件或微妙地改变存储的数据。

[04:50.27]In some cases ,a virus may contain no intentionally harmful or disruptive instructions at all.

[04:55.29]在某些情况下，某种病毒可能一点没有包含什么故意有害的或破坏性的指令。

[05:00.30]Instead , it may cause damage by replicating 10 itself and taking up scarce resources, such as disk space, CPU time ,or network connections.

[05:08.62]而是通过自身的重复和占去某些值得的资源（如磁盘空间、CPU时间或网络连接等）来造成破坏。

[05:16.94]Let us now examine a particular sequence of events by which virus could enter an organization and spread within it .

[05:21.99]现在让我们来观察一个特殊系列事件，通过这些事件，病毒进入一个机构并广为传播。

[05:27.03]Suppose that the organization hires an outside person to come in and perform some work.

[05:31.01]假设这个机构在外面雇佣了一个外来人员来完成这项工作。

[05:34.99]Part of that person's work involves working on one of the organization's personal computers.

[05:38.76]这项工作的一部分要在该机构的一台个人计算机上操作。

[05:42.52]The person brings in a few programs to aid in this work, such as a favorite text editor.

[05:46.84]此人为了有助于工作的进行，带来了一些程序，如一个适用的文本编辑程序。

[05:51.16]Without the person having realized it ,the text editor may be infected with a virus.

[05:55.88]在无人意识到的情况下，这个文本编辑程序可能会染上了一种病毒。

[06:00.59]Notes

[06:01.21]注意事项

[06:01.82]Using that editor on one of the organization's machines causes the virus to spread from the editor to one of the progarams stored on the organization's machine,perhaps to a spreadsheet program.

[06:11.03]因此在机构中的任一台计算机上对编辑程序的使用，都会导致病毒从编辑程序传播到该机构计算机内所存储的某个程序上，也许是传播到了一个电子表格程序上。

[06:20.24]When an employee uses that spreadsheet subsequently, the virus can be spread to another progarm.

[06:25.12]后来，当某个雇员使用这个电子表格程序时，病毒就又可能传播到另一个程序上。

[06:30.01]perhaps to a directory listing progam that the employee keeps on the same floppy 11 disk as the spreadsheet data files.

[06:35.95]也许是传播到了另一个由该雇员保存的与电子表格程序存储在同一个软盘上的目录列表程序上。

[06:41.89]The listing program is then infected.

[06:44.13]于是这个列表程序也就染上了病毒，

[06:46.36]and the infection can be spread to other computers to which this floppy disk is taken.

[06:49.76]而且这种感染又可以传播到使用过这张软盘的其它一些计算机上。

[06:53.15]If the employee's computer is connected to the organization's network.

[06:56.25]如果雇员的个人计算机与该机构的网络相连，

[06:59.34]the employee may send the listing program to another user over the network.

[07:03.43]那么，雇员就可以把这个列表程序传送给网络上的另一位用户。

[07:07.52]In either case, the virus can spread to more users, and more machines, via floppy disks or networks.

[07:13.62]不管是哪一种情况，通过软盘或网络，病毒就会传播给更多的用户和更多的计算机上。

[07:19.72]Each copy of the virus can make multiple copies of itself and can infect any program to which it has access.

[07:25.04]病毒的每一次复制，就会导致病毒本身的多次复制，并且使它曾访问过的任一程序受到感染。

[07:30.35]As a result , the virus may be able to spread throughout the organization in a relatively 12 short time.

[07:34.74]结果，在一个相当短的时间内，病毒就能在该机构之内到处肆虐。

[07:39.13]Each of the infected programs in each of the infected machines can execute whatever other instructions the virus author intended.

[07:45.33]在每台受到感染计算机内的每个受到感染的程序，就可能执行病毒作者原想要执行的任何指令。

[07:51.54]If these instructions are harmful or disruptive ,the pervasivences of the virus may cause widespread harm

[07:56.92]如果这些指令是有害的，有破坏性的，那么病毒的蔓延就可能引起广泛的破坏。

[08:02.30]Traditional security measures have attempted to limit the number of security incidents to an acceptable level.

[08:07.25]传统的安全措施，曾试图限制安全性事件发生的数目到一个可接受的水平。

[08:12.20]A single incident of lost files in a year may be acceptable loss, for instance.

[08:16.05]例如，在一年中只发生一次文件丢失，这样的损失可能是可接受的。

[08:19.91]While this is important it only addresses partial,because single virus is able to spread throughout an organization.

[08:24.42]虽然这是个重要问题，这只是表明了病毒的部分问题，因为单个病毒可能传遍整个机构。

[08:28.94]the damage that it could cause may be much greater than what could be caused by any individual computer user.

[08:34.65]所以它引起的破坏就会比任何单个计算机用户引起的破坏大的多。

[08:40.36]Limiting the number of initial vital infections of an organization is important,but it is often not feasible to prevent them entirely 13.

[08:46.56]限制某机构初始严重感染病毒的数目，是至关重要的，但对它们的完全杜绝又常常不大可能。

[08:52.77]As a result ,it is important to be able to deal with them when they occur ,and to take actions to erase 1 them.

[08:57.81]因此，重要的是，当它们一旦发生时，有能力对付它们并能采取措施消除它们。

[09:02.85]Chapter 8   Computer Language

[09:05.38]第八章      计算机语言

[09:07.92]Dialogue  1

[09:09.66]句型1

[09:11.39]A: How do you pay for your ISP service?

[09:13.43]你怎么付你的ISP费用？

[09:15.47]B:I pay for 20 hours at a time .When that is almost gone . I pay for some more.

[09:19.58]我一次买20个小时，快用光时就再付。

[09:23.70]A: Where do you have to go to pay?

[09:25.69]你到哪里付款？

[09:27.69]B:Oh, I just deposit the money in a postal 14 account, so I can do it from any post office.

[09:31.48]哦，我用邮政划拨，所以任何一家邮局都可以。

[09:35.27]Dialogue  2

[09:36.55]句型2

[09:37.83]A: I think I need to find a new ISP.

[09:40.43]我想我需要打一家新的网络供应商。

[09:43.03]B: Are your download times too slow with your present provider?

[09:45.56]是不是目前的供应商的下载速度太慢？

[09:48.09]A:The download times are OK. but I'm spending too much money for my Internet connection.

[09:52.05]下载时间还好，只是上网花钱太多了。

[09:56.01]B:Maybe your ISP has some cheaper operations you could check on.

[09:59.37]也许你的供应商有比较便宜的选择，你可以问问看。

[10:02.72]Dialogue 3

[10:04.72]句型3

[10:06.72]A: How much time do you spend on-line every month?

[10:09.32]每个月你花多少时间上线？

[10:11.92]B: I pay for unlimited 15 access, so I don't keep very close track of my hours ,How about you?

[10:16.93]我买的是无限时使用，所以没有很注意时间。你呢？

[10:21.95]A:Right now, I'm using about 12 hours every month.

[10:24.57]目前我每个月大概用12小时。

[10:27.20]Dialogue  4

[10:28.64]句型4

[10:30.07]A: I keep getting a printer error every time I try to print this picture .Do you know what the problem is?

[10:36.38]每次要打印这张图，我的打印机就出问题，你知道问题在哪里吗？

[10:42.69]B:The problem is with your printer, What I mean is that you're using a dot-matrix printer. It's not capable of printing complex graphics 16 files.

[10:51.40]问题在你的打印机。我的意思是说，你用的是点阵式打印机，无法印出复杂的图画文档。

[11:00.11]A:So if I want to print this file, I have to get a new printer?

[11:04.03]那么说我要印出这张图，就得换台新的打印机吗？

[11:07.95]B: I'm afraid so.

[11:09.06]恐怕如此。

[11:10.17]passage   Computer Language

[11:12.67]计算机语言

[11:15.16]Professional Terms

[11:16.31]专业术语

[11:17.46]symbolic 17       a.

[11:19.43]符号的

[11:21.40]interactive 18      a.

[11:23.31]交互式，交互的

[11:25.22]permit   v.

[11:26.86]允许，许可

[11:28.51]interpreter  n.

[11:30.48]解释程序

[11:32.45]numberical   a.

[11:34.32]数字的

[11:36.19]moderate     a.

[11:38.16]适度的，中等的

[11:40.13]originally  ad.

[11:41.98]原来，最初

[11:43.82]loosely        ad.

[11:45.66]松驰地，宽松地

[11:47.50]subscript  n.

[11:49.30]下标

[11:51.11]protect  v.

[11:52.91]保护

[11:54.71]operand  n.

[11:56.49]操作数，运算对象

[11:58.26]variable    adj.

[12:00.04]可变的，变量

[12:01.82]subroutine  n.

[12:04.15]子程序

[12:06.49]algorithmic  n.

[12:08.62]算法，计算

[12:10.75]commercial   n.

[12:12.55]商业的

[12:14.35]BASIC( Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a popular interactive language that has wide-spread appeal because it is easy to use.

[12:21.68]BASIC（初学者通用符号指令代码）是一种通用交互式语言，由于易于使用，引起人们广泛的爱好。

[12:29.01]An interactive language permits direct communication between user and computer suystem during the preparation and use of programs.

[12:35.54]交互式语言能在程序的准备和使用期间把用户和计算机系统直接联系起来。

[12:42.07]A problem solver with little or no knowledge of computers or programming can learn to write BASIC programs at a remoter terminal or microcomputer 19 keyboard in a short period of time.

[12:51.12]一个要解决问题的人，无论有没有计算机或者编程知识，都能用很短的时间在远程终端或计算机键盘上编写BASIC语言程序。

[13:00.17]Notes

[13:01.41]注意事项

[13:02.65]A problem solver with little or no knowledge of computers or programming can learn to write BASIC programs at a remote terminal or mircrocomputer keyboard in a short period of time.

[13:10.37]一个要解决问题的人，无论有没有计算机或者编程知识，都能用很短的时间在远程终端或计算机键盘上编写BASIC语言程序。

[13:18.09]It is also easy to insert changes and additions into a BASIC program

[13:21.58]在BASIC程序中插入修改也是很容易的。

[13:25.07]BASIC is now by far the most popular high-level language used in microcomputer system.

[13:29.29]目前，BASIC是微机系统中最为通用的一种高级程序语言。

[13:33.51]Interpreters are generally used in microcomputer systems to translate BASIC instructions into machine-langage code.

[13:39.41]解释程序通常在微机系统中用来把BASIC指令翻译成机器代码。

[13:45.31]FORTRAN ( Formula translator) is a popular language for mathematical and scientific computation.

[13:50.59]FORTRAN在数学和科学计算中是一种普遍使用的语言。

[13:55.87]Its numerical abilities are strong( particularly its ability to handle complex numbers) although it is weak in handling character strings 20 .It is of moderate difficulty to learn and use.

[14:05.35]它的数值处理能力很强（尤其是处理复数的能力），不过处理字符串的能力较弱，学习和使用这种语言的难度适中。

[14:14.83]BASIC  is widely used in today's  microcomputer systems.

[14:18.36]BASIC泛用于当今的微机系统中。

[14:21.88]BASIC was originally designed as a teaching language loosely based on FORTRAN and is simple to learn.

[14:26.99]它最初被设计成一种教学语言，在大体上以FORTRAN为基础简单易学。

[14:32.10]However ,its capabilities 21 are limited compared to most other high-level languages.

[14:35.72]然而，与大多数其它高级语言相比较，它处理能力是有限的。

[14:39.33]The higher language goes by different names.

[14:42.00]各种高级语言可依据不同的名字来区分。

[14:44.66]FORTRAN(FORmula TRANslation) was the first.

[14:47.20]FORTRAN（公式翻译）是最早出现的高级语言，

[14:49.73]and nwo we also have ALGOL   (algorithmic Language)

[14:52.70]目前，我们还有ALGOL（算法语言），

[14:55.66]BASIC ( Beginner's ALL-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)

[14:58.43]BASIC（初学者通用符号指令代码），

[15:01.20]COBOL ( Common Business Oriented Language)

[15:03.60]COBOL（面向公共商业的语言），

[15:06.00]LISP(LIST Processing) PASCAL and ADA ( named after Ada Lovelace Charles Babbage's assistant)

[15:12.64]LISP（表处理），PASCAL及ADA（以查尔斯·巴贝奇的助手Ada· Lovelace之名而定名）。

[15:19.28]Each has been designed to meet a particular purpose;

[15:21.87]每一种语言都被设计用来满足特定的目的：

[15:24.47]FORTRAN, PASCAL ,ALGOL and BASIC are mathematically oriented.

[15:28.26]FORTRAN、PASCAL、ALGOL和BASIC都是面向数学计算的。

[15:32.05]COBOL is used for commercial purposes.

[15:34.02]COBOL则用于商业。