时间:2019-02-09 作者:英语课 分类:英语笔译


英语课

   中国古代诗歌是一个抒情诗(lyric)传统而非史诗或叙事诗传统,最早的美学提供者主张“知者不言,言者不知”(老子),要求“不着一字,尽得风流”(司空图),认为诗“不涉理路”(严羽),迥然不同于西方自亚里士多德以来偏向形式主义、注重逻辑分析的文学传统。


  旅美著名学者叶维廉先生在《中国诗学》里认为:由于古代汉语在语法上相当灵活,不像印欧语系的语法里需要那么多定词性、定物位、定动向、属于分析性的指义元素才能联词成句,文言的这种灵活性让字与读者之间建立一种自由的关系,读者在字与字之间保持着一种“若即若离”的解读活动,在“指义”与“不指义”的中间地带,而造成一种类似 “指义前”物象自现的状态。
  如王维诗句“日落江湖白”中的“白”字既可以是形容词(白色的状态),也可以是动词(转成白色的活动),如果用英语来说,就要分成“are white”和“whiten”,只能限指其一。
  比如古典诗歌中常见的“云山”这个词,用英语翻译至少可以有三重意思:
  (1) clouded mountain(云盖的山);
  (2) cloud like mountain (像云的山);
  (3) mountains in the clouds (在云中的山)。
  而中国古诗词中就是因为“云”与“山”的空间关系模棱,所以能同时兼容了三种情况。
  再如在中文里动词超脱了时态的变化,因为在诗人的意识中所呈示的经验是常新的,如李白著名的诗句“凤去台空江自流”,用英语来说,则出现了下列趋势:
  (1) The phoenix 1 has gone (完成时)
  (2) The terrace is empty (现在时);
  (3) The river still blows on alone (现在及展向将来的含义)事实上,在事件发生之际,时间空间是一体的,在实际经验里,所谓时间、空间和因果原是不存在的,用印欧语系的语法来解读,就是把原是时空未分的直观视觉事物或变为时间的印记,或改为因果式的主属关系,或改为状态、条件的说明。中国古典诗人,因为了解到思维中这些元素会缩减我们原有的较全面的感觉,所以在表物过程中“尽量”保持语法中的自由——所谓“若即若离”的指义行为,使读者能够,在诗人引退的情况下,重新“印认”诗人初识这些物象、事象的戏剧过程。提供一个开放的领域,使物象、事象作“不涉理路”、“玲珑透彻”、“如在目前”,如电影的水银灯一般,一面直接占有读者美感关注的主位,一面让读者移入,去感受这些活动所同时提供的多重暗示与意绪。
 

n.凤凰,长生(不死)鸟;引申为重生
  • The airline rose like a phoenix from the ashes.这家航空公司又起死回生了。
  • The phoenix worship of China is fetish worship not totem adoration.中国凤崇拜是灵物崇拜而非图腾崇拜。
标签: 笔译
学英语单词
AACV
Aberdeen Lower Reservoir
advance payment of premium
arsenios
baksheeshing
balloonsonde
bank of japan
booster gas turbine engine
bottlenoses
break chop
Buxus bodinieri
capillary rise correction
capitalist system
centrifuge method
cerebrotonic
chew over
chitohexose
cognizee
coiama i.
collecting bow
copper-plated brass
cyclical factor
dash board facing
dimethyl diaminophenazine chloride
diphenylaminochloroarsine
double register
effective crossing over
enclusion
entertainest
expansive stochastic tree grammar
functional level modeling
furniture plush
gaius flaminiuss
generic security service application program interface
geographical zonation
Gironans
globalizable
goldsmith principle
green vitriol spring
ground water tracers
health preservation
host-desecration
hovanessian
Hyemoschus
ideal group
imafen
initial outcome variable
integriss
intersection of two sets
It was a pleasure.
jam yesterday
Kibwana
land surface pyrometer
laser length measuring instrument
louringly
mail order business
major repair depreciation expenses
marked difference
meadow soil
militia training
Mister nice-guy
multipleerror
musculus ischiourethralis
natural blood relationship
normal clip
Noyil R.
off-line data reduction
onthe Greek calends
Osintsevskoye
over compensation operation mode
perturbations of daily schedule
PLK
post-obit bond
Protocaris
pseudospore
radio wave borehole penetration system
reducer output shaft
retardataire
second-order tetragonal prism
silzin bronze
single instruction stream single data stream
sirvente
snake through
spring-rebound plate
stacked contents
star-apple
steerable motor system
stopping at release
ticktacktoo
town planners
traffic warning light
transducer test
triple-silo complex
true conical projection
unidirectional replication
vanadic anhydride
virgibacillus chiguensis
viscous-damped arm
weitzner
wheel davit
whole-cell
xochimilco