时间:2019-02-09 作者:英语课 分类:英语笔译


英语课

   中国古代诗歌是一个抒情诗(lyric)传统而非史诗或叙事诗传统,最早的美学提供者主张“知者不言,言者不知”(老子),要求“不着一字,尽得风流”(司空图),认为诗“不涉理路”(严羽),迥然不同于西方自亚里士多德以来偏向形式主义、注重逻辑分析的文学传统。


  旅美著名学者叶维廉先生在《中国诗学》里认为:由于古代汉语在语法上相当灵活,不像印欧语系的语法里需要那么多定词性、定物位、定动向、属于分析性的指义元素才能联词成句,文言的这种灵活性让字与读者之间建立一种自由的关系,读者在字与字之间保持着一种“若即若离”的解读活动,在“指义”与“不指义”的中间地带,而造成一种类似 “指义前”物象自现的状态。
  如王维诗句“日落江湖白”中的“白”字既可以是形容词(白色的状态),也可以是动词(转成白色的活动),如果用英语来说,就要分成“are white”和“whiten”,只能限指其一。
  比如古典诗歌中常见的“云山”这个词,用英语翻译至少可以有三重意思:
  (1) clouded mountain(云盖的山);
  (2) cloud like mountain (像云的山);
  (3) mountains in the clouds (在云中的山)。
  而中国古诗词中就是因为“云”与“山”的空间关系模棱,所以能同时兼容了三种情况。
  再如在中文里动词超脱了时态的变化,因为在诗人的意识中所呈示的经验是常新的,如李白著名的诗句“凤去台空江自流”,用英语来说,则出现了下列趋势:
  (1) The phoenix 1 has gone (完成时)
  (2) The terrace is empty (现在时);
  (3) The river still blows on alone (现在及展向将来的含义)事实上,在事件发生之际,时间空间是一体的,在实际经验里,所谓时间、空间和因果原是不存在的,用印欧语系的语法来解读,就是把原是时空未分的直观视觉事物或变为时间的印记,或改为因果式的主属关系,或改为状态、条件的说明。中国古典诗人,因为了解到思维中这些元素会缩减我们原有的较全面的感觉,所以在表物过程中“尽量”保持语法中的自由——所谓“若即若离”的指义行为,使读者能够,在诗人引退的情况下,重新“印认”诗人初识这些物象、事象的戏剧过程。提供一个开放的领域,使物象、事象作“不涉理路”、“玲珑透彻”、“如在目前”,如电影的水银灯一般,一面直接占有读者美感关注的主位,一面让读者移入,去感受这些活动所同时提供的多重暗示与意绪。
 

n.凤凰,长生(不死)鸟;引申为重生
  • The airline rose like a phoenix from the ashes.这家航空公司又起死回生了。
  • The phoenix worship of China is fetish worship not totem adoration.中国凤崇拜是灵物崇拜而非图腾崇拜。
标签: 笔译
学英语单词
adenocarcinoma of breast
Arabianise
arteriopressor
be on the grab
biologically equivalent dose
bodil
capillary attaction
choux pastries
claiks
closet-
cnidide
coarsish
coser
cramped up
Cudillero
Deira
derhams
Dracaena terniflora
Eccles, Sir John Carew
electrochromic dye
family anabantidaes
four-way solenoid valve
gart
gaudious
gerund
great auricular vein
hair wire
Han-Chinese
have it made in the shade
hemorrhagic fever
hidate
hydroxylamines
hypoplastic left-heart syndrome
integrated power amplifier
intersertal structure
intersite
jfc
kiln burn
landrum
leading edge flap actuation system
light-sensitive compound
Littre
maaseik (maeseyck)
media whore
miami vice
muresan
naginaketone
Naphthysine
Nieva, R.
non-contemporaneous
noncorrective
nonradium
nonzero sum game
not guilty plea
object programs
operating mine survey
pentolamine
pneumosilicosis
politicized
Privlaka
quaternary steel
razor stone
recencies
rectified value of alternating quantity
red podzolic soil
rhombic system
rib pillar
Saxifraga dongwanensis
scrumdiddlyumptious
seedling machinery
Selenobismuthite
send something in
shipping weight final
side car wheel axle bearing
single packing
solids turn over
somatic cell nuclear transplantation
spatialising
squarewave polarograph
state estimator
stype
sucker-punches
syntheticresin
talinum calycinums
tamboured
task-to-task communication
telconstantan
term of a series
The game is over .
theoretical thermodynamics
thermostatically controlled environment
threshold collision
tigerish
Tilia tuan
tomorrow never dies
transmission semiconductor detector
TSS Network
unsling
wet adiabatic temperature difference
with a view to sth
woven-screen storage
yagodin