时间:2019-02-08 作者:英语课 分类:英语笔译


英语课

 英译汉,不论是在教学的过程中还是在实际翻译的过程当中,不少人只求译文的“忠实、通顺”而忽视译文的“雅”。那么,忠实通顺的译文是否就是地道的、自然的、合乎汉语习惯的译文呢?这祥的译文是否就是完美的译文呢?有许多忠实通顺的译文,却不地道,不自然。现将常出现的问题举例如下:


1.结构不合理,句子不自然
(1) There will come a day when people the world over will live a happy life under the sun of socialism. 全世界人民在社会主义阳光下过幸福生活的一天是会到来的。
译文主语的定语长,使得整个句子头重脚轻。试译为:全世界人将在社会主义的阳光下过幸福的生活,这一天是一定会来到的。
(2)The sun, which had hidden all day,now came out in all its splendor 1. 那个整天躲在云层里的太阳,现在又光芒四射地露面了。
原文里的定语从句,是补叙性的,译成汉语,不一定放在被修饰名词之前。原文没有“又”这个意思,应去掉。试译为:太阳一整天都躲在云里,现在出来了,光芒四射。
(3)I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble. 我曾碰到过,不是氧气设备出故障,就是引擎出故障,或二者都出故障。
“我曾碰到过”,句子突然中止,好象无宾语,但实际上宾语却是很长的三个分句,这不合乎汉语表达习惯。可在“碰到过”后加上“这种现象”或将宾语提前。试译为:不是氧气设备出故障,就是引擎出故障,或者它们都出故障,这些我都碰到过。
(4)Captured documents which we have obtained from individuals who had been infiltrated 2 through this corridor plus prisoner-of-war reports that we have obtained in recent months led us to believe that the volume of infiltration 3 has expanded substantially. 我们从经由这个走廊进来的人身上缴获的文件,加上近几个月从战俘那里得到的口供,使人们相信,渗透的规模确实扩大了。
译文基本上没有脱离原文的结构,“文件”和“口供”作主语,前边的定语都比较长,所以,主语就显得过长,读起来不上口。试译:我们从经由这个走廊进来的人员身上缴获了一些文件,近几个月来,也从战俘那儿得到了一些口供,这些使我们相信,渗透的规模确实是扩大了。
2.选词不准确,表达不地道
(1)After Aunt Lena had heard about the family trouble, she agreed to look for a job.丽娜姨听见了家庭的困难情况后,同意去找工作。
“听见了”可改译为“闻知”,“家庭”可改译为“家里”。试译为:丽娜姨闻知家里的困境之后,同意去找工作。
(2)The teenagers don't invite Bob to their parties because he is a wet blanket.青少年们不邀请鲍伯参加他们的聚会因为他是一个令人扫兴的人。
“青少年”属集合的概念,反映青少年的集合体,而不反映个体,所以,不可在它的前边加上数量词或在后边加上“们”。teenagers在汉语里没有相对应的词,可译为“年轻人”。试译为:那些年轻人不让鲍伯参加他们的聚会,因为他是一个令人扫兴的家伙。
(3)These planes were held back to protect the enemy's home islands instead of being used where they were badly needed. 这些飞机被留在后方保卫敌人本岛,未用于其它急需的地方。
“保卫”是一个褒义词,不应用在此句。“敌人本岛”不合乎汉语习惯表达。试译为:敌人没有把这些飞机用到最需要的地方去,而是把它们留下来,在岛上守卫他们的老巢。
3.音节不匀称,句子较生硬
(1)This failure was the making of him. 这次不成功是他成功的基础。
把failure译为“不成功”,是画蛇添足,这不但使句子的音节不够整齐,而且在这短短的句子里,有两个“成功”相连,读起来不顺,听起来也不悦耳。试译为:这次失败促使了他的成功。
(2)In the negative, right and left, and black and white are reversed.照片底片上,左右黑白与正片恰好相反。
"照片”与“底片”连在一起,使词误的声音搭配不好。试译为:底片上的左右黑白,与照片上的恰好相反。
(3) They drove in a black limousine 4, passed groves 5 of birch trees and endless rows of identical new buildings. 他们乘坐一辆黑色轿车,经过一丛丛的白梆树和看不到尽头的一排排千篇一律的新住宅。
“新住宅”前的定语过长,句子的音节也不匀称,节奏感不强,因而,句子无气势。试译为:他们乘坐一辆黑色轿车,经过一丛丛的白烨树和一排排的新楼房。这些楼房,千篇一律,望不到头。
由以上译例看来,英译汉光讲“忠实通顺”显然是不够的,还要讲“雅”。“雅”是指句式结构的合理性,选用词语的确切性和语言声音的和谐性。只有这样,译文才能更加完美,同时也能给人以美的感受。

n.光彩;壮丽,华丽;显赫,辉煌
  • Never in his life had he gazed on such splendor.他生平从没有见过如此辉煌壮丽的场面。
  • All the splendor in the world is not worth a good friend.人世间所有的荣华富贵不如一个好朋友。
adj.[医]浸润的v.(使)渗透,(指思想)渗入人的心中( infiltrate的过去式和过去分词 )
  • The headquarters had been infiltrated by enemy spies. 总部混入了敌方特务。
  • Many Chinese idioms have infiltrated into the Japanese language. 许多中国成语浸透到日语中。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
n.渗透;下渗;渗滤;入渗
  • The police tried to prevent infiltration by drug traffickers. 警方尽力阻止毒品走私分子的潜入。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • A loss in volume will occur if infiltration takes place. 如果发生了渗润作用,水量就会减少。 来自辞典例句
n.豪华轿车
  • A chauffeur opened the door of the limousine for the grand lady.司机为这个高贵的女士打开了豪华轿车的车门。
  • We arrived in fine style in a hired limousine.我们很气派地乘坐出租的豪华汽车到达那里。
树丛,小树林( grove的名词复数 )
  • The early sun shone serenely on embrowned groves and still green fields. 朝阳宁静地照耀着已经发黄的树丛和还是一片绿色的田地。
  • The trees grew more and more in groves and dotted with old yews. 那里的树木越来越多地长成了一簇簇的小丛林,还点缀着几棵老紫杉树。
标签: 英译汉
学英语单词
acid-treated oil
Adonics
al-arab
animal welfarist
avermectins
avian enterovirus
B.T.S.
balse (philippines)
be shot of
brake beam hanger
Cintra
coaxial-waveguide output device
colour coordination
common schedule
commotio retinae
demonstration school
diploid nucleus
directional comparison system
Doctor and Nurse
dramatic art
dryopteris pseudolunanensis
duty paying value
earth fault current
edt.
elegiacs
embouchure
employee involvement
erithacuss
externally programmed computer
familial incidence
figeaters
Fitzjohn
fizz up
geomyids
gigaleurodes minahassai
Glucopostin
gonioctena (asiphytodecta) tredecimmaculata
great-great-
heptadecenoic
industrial air-conditioning
ironic phosphate
ISC (instruction length code)
jofa
justiceships
Kamenistaya, Bukhta
keep a good table
kephrinei
lairiest
laryngorrhea
left hand propeller
let me think
LF-RF
Li, Mae
magnetic cross valve
microtransaction
Midlobular
multi-perspective
Möng Hsat
Newtonianism
non-authoritarian
notice of enquiry
nylon base insulator
one-night-stand
optants
pedal pianoforte
pentamethylmelamine
pole-change motor starter
post a letter
proportional weir
puncture of dielectric
quadrant elevation fine synchrodata
quarantine peried
ramaker
relaxed synthesis
Resource Description Framework
retainer screw
Rhododendron fulgens
roly-poly filly
sanability
sat inwood
Sauropus tsiangii
self-evaluative
sensory nerve ending
share system
signaling effect of foreign exchange intervention
sour stomach
stepless
Stereocyst
synchronizing drum
tabellions
temperature-compensation
Thrixspermum amplexicaule
throw sth out
tightly coupled
tons displacement
Tysbær
unbribable
underprints
unsensing
vargo
wall post
zenith sun