时间:2019-02-08 作者:英语课 分类:英语笔译


英语课

 英译汉,不论是在教学的过程中还是在实际翻译的过程当中,不少人只求译文的“忠实、通顺”而忽视译文的“雅”。那么,忠实通顺的译文是否就是地道的、自然的、合乎汉语习惯的译文呢?这祥的译文是否就是完美的译文呢?有许多忠实通顺的译文,却不地道,不自然。现将常出现的问题举例如下:


1.结构不合理,句子不自然
(1) There will come a day when people the world over will live a happy life under the sun of socialism. 全世界人民在社会主义阳光下过幸福生活的一天是会到来的。
译文主语的定语长,使得整个句子头重脚轻。试译为:全世界人将在社会主义的阳光下过幸福的生活,这一天是一定会来到的。
(2)The sun, which had hidden all day,now came out in all its splendor 1. 那个整天躲在云层里的太阳,现在又光芒四射地露面了。
原文里的定语从句,是补叙性的,译成汉语,不一定放在被修饰名词之前。原文没有“又”这个意思,应去掉。试译为:太阳一整天都躲在云里,现在出来了,光芒四射。
(3)I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble. 我曾碰到过,不是氧气设备出故障,就是引擎出故障,或二者都出故障。
“我曾碰到过”,句子突然中止,好象无宾语,但实际上宾语却是很长的三个分句,这不合乎汉语表达习惯。可在“碰到过”后加上“这种现象”或将宾语提前。试译为:不是氧气设备出故障,就是引擎出故障,或者它们都出故障,这些我都碰到过。
(4)Captured documents which we have obtained from individuals who had been infiltrated 2 through this corridor plus prisoner-of-war reports that we have obtained in recent months led us to believe that the volume of infiltration 3 has expanded substantially. 我们从经由这个走廊进来的人身上缴获的文件,加上近几个月从战俘那里得到的口供,使人们相信,渗透的规模确实扩大了。
译文基本上没有脱离原文的结构,“文件”和“口供”作主语,前边的定语都比较长,所以,主语就显得过长,读起来不上口。试译:我们从经由这个走廊进来的人员身上缴获了一些文件,近几个月来,也从战俘那儿得到了一些口供,这些使我们相信,渗透的规模确实是扩大了。
2.选词不准确,表达不地道
(1)After Aunt Lena had heard about the family trouble, she agreed to look for a job.丽娜姨听见了家庭的困难情况后,同意去找工作。
“听见了”可改译为“闻知”,“家庭”可改译为“家里”。试译为:丽娜姨闻知家里的困境之后,同意去找工作。
(2)The teenagers don't invite Bob to their parties because he is a wet blanket.青少年们不邀请鲍伯参加他们的聚会因为他是一个令人扫兴的人。
“青少年”属集合的概念,反映青少年的集合体,而不反映个体,所以,不可在它的前边加上数量词或在后边加上“们”。teenagers在汉语里没有相对应的词,可译为“年轻人”。试译为:那些年轻人不让鲍伯参加他们的聚会,因为他是一个令人扫兴的家伙。
(3)These planes were held back to protect the enemy's home islands instead of being used where they were badly needed. 这些飞机被留在后方保卫敌人本岛,未用于其它急需的地方。
“保卫”是一个褒义词,不应用在此句。“敌人本岛”不合乎汉语习惯表达。试译为:敌人没有把这些飞机用到最需要的地方去,而是把它们留下来,在岛上守卫他们的老巢。
3.音节不匀称,句子较生硬
(1)This failure was the making of him. 这次不成功是他成功的基础。
把failure译为“不成功”,是画蛇添足,这不但使句子的音节不够整齐,而且在这短短的句子里,有两个“成功”相连,读起来不顺,听起来也不悦耳。试译为:这次失败促使了他的成功。
(2)In the negative, right and left, and black and white are reversed.照片底片上,左右黑白与正片恰好相反。
"照片”与“底片”连在一起,使词误的声音搭配不好。试译为:底片上的左右黑白,与照片上的恰好相反。
(3) They drove in a black limousine 4, passed groves 5 of birch trees and endless rows of identical new buildings. 他们乘坐一辆黑色轿车,经过一丛丛的白梆树和看不到尽头的一排排千篇一律的新住宅。
“新住宅”前的定语过长,句子的音节也不匀称,节奏感不强,因而,句子无气势。试译为:他们乘坐一辆黑色轿车,经过一丛丛的白烨树和一排排的新楼房。这些楼房,千篇一律,望不到头。
由以上译例看来,英译汉光讲“忠实通顺”显然是不够的,还要讲“雅”。“雅”是指句式结构的合理性,选用词语的确切性和语言声音的和谐性。只有这样,译文才能更加完美,同时也能给人以美的感受。

n.光彩;壮丽,华丽;显赫,辉煌
  • Never in his life had he gazed on such splendor.他生平从没有见过如此辉煌壮丽的场面。
  • All the splendor in the world is not worth a good friend.人世间所有的荣华富贵不如一个好朋友。
adj.[医]浸润的v.(使)渗透,(指思想)渗入人的心中( infiltrate的过去式和过去分词 )
  • The headquarters had been infiltrated by enemy spies. 总部混入了敌方特务。
  • Many Chinese idioms have infiltrated into the Japanese language. 许多中国成语浸透到日语中。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
n.渗透;下渗;渗滤;入渗
  • The police tried to prevent infiltration by drug traffickers. 警方尽力阻止毒品走私分子的潜入。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • A loss in volume will occur if infiltration takes place. 如果发生了渗润作用,水量就会减少。 来自辞典例句
n.豪华轿车
  • A chauffeur opened the door of the limousine for the grand lady.司机为这个高贵的女士打开了豪华轿车的车门。
  • We arrived in fine style in a hired limousine.我们很气派地乘坐出租的豪华汽车到达那里。
树丛,小树林( grove的名词复数 )
  • The early sun shone serenely on embrowned groves and still green fields. 朝阳宁静地照耀着已经发黄的树丛和还是一片绿色的田地。
  • The trees grew more and more in groves and dotted with old yews. 那里的树木越来越多地长成了一簇簇的小丛林,还点缀着几棵老紫杉树。
标签: 英译汉
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