时间:2019-02-07 作者:英语课 分类:英语笔译


英语课

 委婉语是各种语言中都有的一种语言现象,只不过委婉程度不同,翻译起来难度也就不同,有的时候千万别被委婉语的表面意思骗到哦,就像sanitaryengineer 这个词,你理解它的真正含义吗?


“He is a bicycle doctor. ” 此句不能译作:"他是个骑单车的医生", 因句中的doctor是委婉语(euphemism),是某种职业的美称,故不作"医生"解,而是表示repair man的涵义,因此应翻译为"他是个自行车修理工"。
委婉语起源于远古,维多利来女王时代中期为其鼎盛时期,在现代英语中, 其出现频率依然颇高,因为人们通过委婉语,可以用温顺悦耳的词语去谈论或叙述一些原来令人不快或逆耳之事物。为此,他们用domestic help, day help 或 live-in help 代替 mai l或 servant (佣人); 以custodian 1superintendent 2 替代 doorkeeper, caretaker 或 janitor(看门人或管理人);用She has a tile loose 或She has a cylinder 3 missing 去代替 She is crazy 或She is not right in the head(神经失常)。
委婉语多如恒河沙数,不胜枚举,在此略举数例,以见一斑:
原称委婉语
无线电修理工
radio electrician——radio doctor
理发师
barber——cosmotologist
家庭妇女
housewife——household executive
收垃圾工人 
garbage collector——sanitary engineer
老人
old people——senior citizens
再看两个委婉语的例子:
Nowadays many weight-watchers would like to go to the gym. 
如今有不少胖人喜欢到健身房去锻炼.
They are the culturally deprived. 
他们是没有学识的人.
值得注意的是,委婉语虽然是"古已有之,于今为烈",但决不能用得过多过滥。 使用时要考虑场合和对象,如用得不得体,反而会使你"欲礼而不达",甚至令人不知所云,一头雾水。
You can find doctors and doctors in Hongkong! 
在香港,既有好医生,也有坏医生。
这句话不能译作:“在香港,你能看到很多很多的医生”。
英语和汉语一样,词的重复(repetition)是一种修辞手段。一般说来,它表达强调语势,突出语义,以收到音调和谐、生动有力的修辞效果。例如:
Scrooge went to bed again, and thought and thought and thought it over and over. 
斯克罗奇又上床睡觉,左思右想,想个不休。
但 是,在某些场合下,将某些词重复,并不是要收到突出语义的效果,而是为了表示“不同类型”的涵义。例如:You will find doctors and doctors in Hong Kong.的语义就相当于You can find bad doctors as well as good doctors in Hong Kong. 该句的语义重点放在“也有坏医生”上。
再比如:
You should know that there are books and books.
你们要知道,书有好坏之分,既有好书,也有坏书。

n.保管人,监护人;公共建筑看守
  • Benitez believes his custodian is among the top five in world football.贝尼特斯坚信他的门将是当今足坛最出色的五人之一。
  • When his father died his uncle became his legal custodian.他父亲死后,他叔叔成了他的法定监护人。
n.监督人,主管,总监;(英国)警务长
  • He was soon promoted to the post of superintendent of Foreign Trade.他很快就被擢升为对外贸易总监。
  • He decided to call the superintendent of the building.他决定给楼房管理员打电话。
n.圆筒,柱(面),汽缸
  • What's the volume of this cylinder?这个圆筒的体积有多少?
  • The cylinder is getting too much gas and not enough air.汽缸里汽油太多而空气不足。
标签: 委婉语
学英语单词
adjustable-range thermometer
administration action
Allitc
Allium chiwui
an increasing number of
anchoring fibrils
antiaircraft fires
antierotica
atmospherium
autoreinfusion
avant-garage
avicennias
backa topola
be said to
bioconverts
bumfluff
capping inversion
Carlos the Jackal
chemies
choked runner system
compulsory delisting
Congo River
cooperative binding
counter-coups
cudgeller
customs-union
cystic artery
Dalchonzie
Danic
deficit-neutral
dogooders
Doisy unit
drapetis xanthocephala
dry cooling systems
ecovillage
Eritrichium deltodentum
Euonymus oblongifolius
false diphtheria
faucet ears
fibrocellulitis progressiva ossificans
foxbases
fume extraction equipment
Gempylus serpens
genus callistephuss
geometrical shape
heatsensitity
hemipyxis yasumatsui
husbander
icahn
ignite
imperfect manufacture
imperfectcontact
Indirect Exchange Rate
indulinophil
jelly roll mortons
kashruts
Kavīr, Dasht-e
lensia meteori
Leptaena
line of gab
lippy
loading and unloading berth
Massora
net adjustment
nitrosaccharin
objectstores
obliqus arytenoid muscle
online polls
onthophagus (onthophagiellus) taiyaruensis
oxytactic
parotitis phlegmonosa
parydra formosana
polybenzimidazole(PBI)
porphyritic structure
punched tape code
quick-attachable coupling
quota periods
Ramus communicans cum nervo ulnari
realgar wine
ringworm cassias
RQQ
sal sedatirum
sea-duck
securities held in pledge
share dilution
single-seater
Small Eid
smithsonian currency realignment
splash-proof motor
spread factor
styringomyia flavitarsis
subturbinate
Sulcus auricularis posterior
tampeons
ternary system piezoelectric ceramics
the necessity
Tillamook County
train shunt
tussah fabric
valdespino
witlof
XYGD