时间:2019-02-07 作者:英语课 分类:英语笔译


英语课

 委婉语是各种语言中都有的一种语言现象,只不过委婉程度不同,翻译起来难度也就不同,有的时候千万别被委婉语的表面意思骗到哦,就像sanitaryengineer 这个词,你理解它的真正含义吗?


“He is a bicycle doctor. ” 此句不能译作:"他是个骑单车的医生", 因句中的doctor是委婉语(euphemism),是某种职业的美称,故不作"医生"解,而是表示repair man的涵义,因此应翻译为"他是个自行车修理工"。
委婉语起源于远古,维多利来女王时代中期为其鼎盛时期,在现代英语中, 其出现频率依然颇高,因为人们通过委婉语,可以用温顺悦耳的词语去谈论或叙述一些原来令人不快或逆耳之事物。为此,他们用domestic help, day help 或 live-in help 代替 mai l或 servant (佣人); 以custodian 1superintendent 2 替代 doorkeeper, caretaker 或 janitor(看门人或管理人);用She has a tile loose 或She has a cylinder 3 missing 去代替 She is crazy 或She is not right in the head(神经失常)。
委婉语多如恒河沙数,不胜枚举,在此略举数例,以见一斑:
原称委婉语
无线电修理工
radio electrician——radio doctor
理发师
barber——cosmotologist
家庭妇女
housewife——household executive
收垃圾工人 
garbage collector——sanitary engineer
老人
old people——senior citizens
再看两个委婉语的例子:
Nowadays many weight-watchers would like to go to the gym. 
如今有不少胖人喜欢到健身房去锻炼.
They are the culturally deprived. 
他们是没有学识的人.
值得注意的是,委婉语虽然是"古已有之,于今为烈",但决不能用得过多过滥。 使用时要考虑场合和对象,如用得不得体,反而会使你"欲礼而不达",甚至令人不知所云,一头雾水。
You can find doctors and doctors in Hongkong! 
在香港,既有好医生,也有坏医生。
这句话不能译作:“在香港,你能看到很多很多的医生”。
英语和汉语一样,词的重复(repetition)是一种修辞手段。一般说来,它表达强调语势,突出语义,以收到音调和谐、生动有力的修辞效果。例如:
Scrooge went to bed again, and thought and thought and thought it over and over. 
斯克罗奇又上床睡觉,左思右想,想个不休。
但 是,在某些场合下,将某些词重复,并不是要收到突出语义的效果,而是为了表示“不同类型”的涵义。例如:You will find doctors and doctors in Hong Kong.的语义就相当于You can find bad doctors as well as good doctors in Hong Kong. 该句的语义重点放在“也有坏医生”上。
再比如:
You should know that there are books and books.
你们要知道,书有好坏之分,既有好书,也有坏书。

n.保管人,监护人;公共建筑看守
  • Benitez believes his custodian is among the top five in world football.贝尼特斯坚信他的门将是当今足坛最出色的五人之一。
  • When his father died his uncle became his legal custodian.他父亲死后,他叔叔成了他的法定监护人。
n.监督人,主管,总监;(英国)警务长
  • He was soon promoted to the post of superintendent of Foreign Trade.他很快就被擢升为对外贸易总监。
  • He decided to call the superintendent of the building.他决定给楼房管理员打电话。
n.圆筒,柱(面),汽缸
  • What's the volume of this cylinder?这个圆筒的体积有多少?
  • The cylinder is getting too much gas and not enough air.汽缸里汽油太多而空气不足。
标签: 委婉语
学英语单词
a saliing ship
actuation shaft
ageing of population
alcoholic abuses
antarctic meteorites
apitong
Arisaema angustatum Franch
automatic estimation tool
baron de la brede et de montesquieus
biholomorphically
block end
blocks out
caccobius (caccophilus) scrofa
calibration outfit
cardiotonic drug
cast-coated paper
cat-salt
caudal fovea of rhomboid fossa
CD players
ceratophytes
chondritis
Chuǔlch'ǒn
computer assisted programming system
computer revolution
cross-dressers
detector noise discrimination
diodeparametric
divvy duck
dout
EatRight
educationalizes
enoxidase
enterprise standardization
EOT
equiaffine group
exact location
fanny belt
fin-back
fishwomen
forebelief
formatting flexibility
Fresnel region of diffraction
friagem
gas-bulb sensor
gelidium foliaceum
granitous
have something going for one
hydraulic road simulator
hypersensitizing bath
illegitimate family
initiation command
inoperations
jib motion
length of travel
load summary
lucigen
macbain
machine assembler
main memory database
Mamparang, Mts.
maximum permissible constant dose-rate
mean inequality
national Grid Square
negotiable orders of withdrawal
Nervus hypogastricus dexter
non power-driven fishing boat
noncorrelations
out-standing
own coding
paid-up loan
planetary space navigational system
portension
pre-solicitation
quartetto
radiation burn
radio-frequency chart
radisectomy
respiracion
reverse valve
rice milling unit
ring free
samarangs
Schwassman -Wachmann comet
slide swwitch
snars
specified measuring range
SpFP (spent fuel pool)
Sphaerocaryum malaccense
Starch-grains
step-down ratio
subbase at a point
subject or entry
submarine sulfur deposit
svyatoslav
tandem tension packer
temporary information
The Chinese Society for Metals
time-resolving image converter
transitional type
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
unremonstrated
vector generation