英语连系动词的作用及基本用法
时间:2019-02-06 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇
英语课
一、连系动词基本用法
连系动词是表示不完全谓语关系的动词,它与其后的表语一起构成谓语。常见的连系动词有be(是),become(成为),get(变成),remain(还是),seem 1(似乎是),look(看上去),feel(感觉)等。连系动词后的表语通常是名词和形容词,有时也可以是代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、从句等:
His English is excellent 2. 他的英语很棒。(跟形容词)
He is a famous 3 poet 4. 他是著名诗人。(跟名词)
Money isn’t everything.金钱不是一切。(跟代词)
She was 5 the first to arrive.她是第一个到达的人。(跟数词)
Who is upstairs 6? 谁在楼上?(跟副词)
He is with his friends. 他和朋友在一起。(跟介词短语)
He seems 7 to be ill. 他似乎病了。(跟不定式)
Seeing is believing 8. 眼见为实。(跟动名词)
This is what you need. 这就是你需要的。(跟从句)
二、学习连系动词应注意的两点
1. 关于连系动词后接副词作表语
连系动词后通常可接形容词作表语,一般不接副词:
误:His English is very well. 他的英语很好。(应将well改为good)
误:Be carefully 9. 小心点。(应将carefully改为careful)
误:The soup tastes nicely. 这汤味道不错。(应将nicely改为nice)
但是,有时连系动词后也可接副词作表语,不过这主要限于in, on, off 10, out, away, behind, up, down, over, through, around, round, below 11, inside 12, outside 等少数副词小品词以及here, there, upstairs, downstairs 13等少数表示地点或方位的副词:
Mother wasn’t in last night. 母亲昨晚不在家。
The meeting 14 was over at five. 会议五点结束。
Come along 15. The taxi is outside. 来吧,出租车在外面。
Mother is downstairs waiting for you. 母亲在楼下等你。
2. 关于连系动词后接不定式
(1) 连系动词be后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语:
My dream 16 is to be a scientist 17. 我的梦想是当一名科学家。
All I could 18 do was to wait. 我只能等。
My plan 19 was to go from London to Paris. 我计划从伦敦去巴黎。
I was to have seen 20 Mr Kay. 我本要去见凯先生的。
(2) seem, appear 21, prove 22, continue 23, turn out, get, grow, come 等连系动词后也可接不定式(尤其是to be)作表语:
She always seems to be sad. 她常常显得很忧伤。
My advice 24 proved 25 to be wrong. 我的意见证明是错的。
She appears 26 to have many friends. 他好像有很多朋友。
The weather turned out to be fine. 天气结果很好。
Circumstances 27 continue to be favorable 28. 情况仍然是有利的。
He has grown to like studying English. 他渐渐喜欢学英语了。
【注】若所接不定式为to be,通常可以省略。不过,若其后接的是表语形容词,则to be通常不宜省略。另外,连系动词look后能否接to be似乎尚有争论,不过,在现代英语中接to be的现象已较普遍。
(3) sound, smell, feel, taste, become等连系动词后通常不能接不定式:
误:These oranges taste to be good. (应去掉to be)
误:The roses 29 smell to be nice. (应去掉to be)
(4) 有的连系动词后接的从句可用不定式来改写:
It seems that she’s right. / She seems to be right. 她似乎是对的。
It appears that you have made 30 a mistake 31. / You appear to have made a mistake. 似乎你弄错了。
vi.好像,似乎,看来好像
- You seem very much alive today.你今天好像非常活跃。
- The children seem very happy.孩子们似乎很快活。
adj.极好的;优秀的
- She is an excellent teacher.她是个优秀的教师。
- I'm sure you can make an excellent job next time. 我相信你下次会干得更好。
adj.著名的,驰名的,闻名遐迩的;极好的;擅长的
- The hotel is famous for its suppers.那个酒店以晚餐而著称。
- He is famous for his learning.他以有学问而出名。
n.诗人;空想家
- Sometimes he is funny;sometimes he seems like a poet.有时他很滑稽,有时他又像个诗人。
- The poet lived a happy life in his later life.这位诗人晚年过着一种幸福的生活。
adj.楼上的;adv.在楼上,往楼上,高水平地,上层地,头脑上地;n.楼上
- He would prefer to meet me downstairs rather than upstairs.他宁愿在楼下见我,而不愿在楼上。
- I think I'll go upstairs and have a sleep.我想上楼去睡一觉。
v.好像,仿佛( seem的第三人称单数 )
- She seems to feel ambivalent about her new job. 她似乎对新工作忧喜参半。
- Her return to the team now seems a certainty. 她的归队现在似乎已成定局。
adv.仔细地;小心地
- If you watch carefully you will see how to do it. 如果你仔细观察,你就会看出如何做此事了。
- Now listen carefully everybody.请大家仔细地听。
adj.远的;休假的,空闲的;adv.走开,出发,隔断;prep.离开,脱落,在...之外
- You'd better cool off first.你最好先冷静下来。
- I need some time off.我需要一些时间休息。
prep./adv.在……的下面;低于……
- I looked down at the hall below.我瞧了瞧下面的大厅。
- The temperature is below zero.温度在零度以下。
n.内部,内脏,内幕;adj.内部的,秘密的,户内的;prep.在...之内
- Two minutes later we were inside the taxi.两分钟以后我们已经坐在出租车里面了。
- He will be back inside two days.他将在两天内回来。
adj.楼下的;adv.在楼下;n.楼下
- He went downstairs to breakfast.他下楼去吃早饭了。
- I'll come downstairs in a minute.我马上下楼。
n.会议;集会
- Will you be at the meeting?你会来开会吗?
- We would like to hold the meeting at an early date.我们希望早日举行这次会议。
adv.一道,一起;prep.沿着,顺着
- Would you like to come along?你想一起去吗?
- They walked slowly along the road.他们沿着公路慢慢走。
n.梦;梦想;v.做梦;向往
- I remembered my grandfather in my dream last night.昨晚我梦见了我的外祖父。
- It's my dream to win a Nobel Prize.我的理想是获得诺贝尔奖。
n.(自然)科学家
- He is a black scientist.他是一位黑人科学家。
- She has become a famous scientist.她成为著名科学家。
v.能,可能(can的过去式);aux.v.(can的过去式)能;可以
- Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗?
- I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。
n.计划,策略,方法;v.计划,设计,意欲
- What do you plan to do during the holidays?你打算在假期里做什么?
- I talked with him about our plan,and he wanted in.我同他谈了我们的计划,他想参加。
vbl.(see的过去分词)看见
- Since I left college, I have not seen him.自从我离开大学以后,就没有见过他了。
- I hope to have seen the film next week.我希望下星期能看到这部电影。
vi.出现,出场,出席,露面;似乎,好像,显得
- The students appear very nervous.学生们看起来很紧张。
- When night falls,stars appear.夜晚来到时星星出现。
v.证明,证实,表现出,结果是
- This will prove to the world that we are right.这将向全世界证明我们是对的。
- How can you prove that you are right?你如何能证明你是正确的呢?
v.继续;持续;延续
- We'll continue with our work.我们要继续做。
- Even if It'should rain tomorrow,we will continue our work.即使明天下雨,我们也要继续工作。
n.忠告,建议,劝告
- After all my advice, he still went his own way.在我苦口婆心地相劝后,他仍然一意孤行。
- You should seek advice from your lawyer on this matter.你应该征求你的律师对这件事的意见。
v.证明( prove的过去式和过去分词 );检验,试验
- The format of the new quiz show has proved popular. 新的智力竞赛节目的总体安排结果证明很受欢迎。
- Our fears proved groundless. 我们的担心证明是毫无道理的。
v.出现( appear的第三人称单数 );出庭(作证或受审);演出;发表
- The eye first appears as a cup-shaped outgrowth from the brain. 眼睛开始是从大脑长出,呈杯状。
- Mr. Blake's secretary is always on hand when he appears in public. 布雷先生在公开场合露面时,他的秘书总在场。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.境况;境遇;(尤指)经济状况;命运;环境( circumstance的名词复数 );事件;境遇;机遇
- The company reserves the right to cancel this agreement in certain circumstances. 本公司保留在一定条件下取消这项协议的权利。
- There were extenuating circumstances and the defendant did not receive a prison sentence. 因有可减轻罪行的情节被告未被判刑。
adj.赞成的,赞成的;有利的,良好的,顺利的
- The book received a favorable review.这本书赢得了好评。
- Each nation suppressed news that was not favorable to it.每个国家都扣留对它不利的消息。
n.玫瑰( rose的名词复数 );粉红色;蔷薇(花);粉红色的葡萄酒
- a charming country cottage with roses around the door 门口四周开着玫瑰花的迷人的乡村小屋
- The roses have got greenfly. 这些玫瑰花上有蚜虫。
v.make的过去式和过去分词
- They were not made in china.它们不是中国制造的。
- The monkey made a long arm for the peach.猴子伸臂去摘桃子。
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系动词