英语中的冠词
时间：2019-02-05 作者：英语课 分类：英文语法词汇
英语课
冠词是一种虚词,用在名词或名词词组的前面,表示名词是特指还是泛指。冠词可分为不定冠词和定冠词两种形式。 不定冠词有 a, an。 定冠词有 the. 其中, a 用在发音以辅音开头的名词之前, 而 an 则 用在 发音以元音开头的名词之前。
不定完词的用法:
1) 表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用，表示一个。
I gave 1 him a book yesterday.
我昨天给了他一本书。
I am reading 2 an interesting story .
我在读一本有趣的故事书。
I have got 3 a ticket.
我有一张票。
There is a tree in front of my house.
我的屋前有一棵树。
2) 表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, 即以其中的一个代表一类。
A horse is useful 4 to mankind 5.
马对人类有用。
A bird can fly.
鸟会飞。
A steel 6 worker makes steel.
炼钢工人炼钢。
3) 不定冠词用在事物的"单位"前,如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前,表示 "每一"。
We often go to school two times a day.
我们常常一天两次去学校。
I went to the library once a week at least 7.
我一星期至少去一次图书馆。
The potato is sold 8 at about 30 fen 9 a jin.
土豆卖三毛钱一斤。
4) 不定冠词用来指某人某物,但不具体说明任何人或任何物。
A boy came 10 to see you a moment ago.
刚才有一个小孩来找你。
I got this tool 11 in a shop.
我在商店买的这件工具。
We need a car now.
我们现在需要一辆车。
She is ill, she has to see a doctor.
她病了，她得去看病。
5) 不定冠词用于某些词组。
a few 12 几个 a little 有点
She has a few friends in this city.
她在这个城市中有几个朋友。
There is a little milk in the bottle.
瓶子里有点牛奶。
Only a few students are in the classroom.
只有几个学生在教室里。
定冠词的用法。
1) 定冠词特指某(些)人或某(些)事物, 以区别于同类中其他的人或事物。
The bag in the desk is mine.
桌子里的书包是我的。
Is this the book you are looking for?
这是你要找的书吗?
Do you know the man in back?
你知道穿黑色衣服的人是谁吗？
It is not the car we are looking for.
这不是我们要找的车。
The man has found 13 his child.
那个人找到了他的孩子。
2) 定冠词用来指上文中已提到过的人或事物。
I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop. The book costs 14 15 yuan.
我从新华书店买了一本书. 这本书值十五元。
I saw 15 a film yesterday.The film was 16 ended at eight o'clock.
我昨天看了一场电影。电影八点钟结束的。
Lucy bought a radio yesterday, but she found something was wrong with the radio.
露西昨天买了一台收音机，但是她发现收音机有问题。
3) 定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前。
the sun the moon the earth 17
the sky the world the winter night
The sun is bigger than the moon.
太阳比月亮大。
I can see a bird in the sky.
我能看到天空中有一只小鸟。
I like to have a walk with the bright moon light in the evening.
我愿晚上在明亮的月光下散步。
4) 定冠词与单数名词连用,表示这一类人或物。
The dog is not too danger 18.
狗不太危险。
The cat is an animal.
猫是一种动物。
The umbrella in the shop is very cheap in this season.
这个季节商店里的雨伞很便宜。
5) 定冠词与某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化, 表示某一类人。
the poor, the rich, the wounded 19, the sick, the deaf 20.
The wounded were brought 21 to the hospital.
受伤者被送到了医院。
He always helps the poor.
他经常帮助穷人。
The deaf can go to this special school.
耳聋者可以进这所特殊学校上学。
6) 用在序数词, 形容词最高级和表示方位的名词前。
This is the biggest city in China I have ever 22 visited.
这是我在中国参观的最大的城市。
I saw a plane coming from the east.
我看见一架飞机从东方飞来。
He is the last one to help me.
他不会来帮助我的。
7) 定冠词用在演奏乐器的名称和文艺活动,运动场所的名称前。
The little girl likes to play the violin.
小女孩喜欢拉小提琴。
They are going 23 to the cinema tonight.
他们今晚要去影院看电影。
The theater 24 was on fire last week.
剧院昨天着火了。
8) 定冠词用在报刊,杂志的名称的名词之前。
I am reading the China Daily 25 now.
我现在正读中国日报。
Have you got the Evening Paper yet 26?
你拿到晚报了吗?
The Times is a foreign 27 newspaper.
泰晤士报是一家外国报纸。
The Peking Review 28 is on the desk.
北京周报在桌子上放着。
9) 定冠词用在江河,海洋,山脉,群岛的名称之前。
We live near the Yellow River.
我们住在黄河边上。
The Changjiang River is the biggest one in China.
长江是中国最大的河。
The Himalayas is located 29 in Tibet 30.
喜马拉雅山位于西藏。
10) 定冠词用在姓名复数之前,表示一家人。
The Greens is very kind to us.
格林一家人待我们很好。
The Whites like the classic 31 music.
怀特一家喜欢古典音乐。
不用冠词的场合。
1) 专有名词,抽象名词和物质名词之前一般不用冠词。
China is a largest country in the world.
中国是世界上最大的国家。
I think water is a kind of food, too.
我认为水也是一种食物。
Cotton 32 feels soft.
棉花摸起来柔软。
2) 表示日常餐食名词之前不用冠词,但如果指具体的饮食时用定冠词 the。
It's time for breakfast.
该吃早饭了。
What do you have for lunch?
你午饭吃点什么?
The dinner I had 33 at that restaurant was expensive.
我在那家饭店吃的饭很贵。
3) 在季节,月份,星期,节日。球类运动,棋类游戏的名词之前不用冠词。
Summer is hot and winter is cold here.
这儿夏天热冬天冷。
New Year's Day is coming.
新年就要到啦。
Today is the first day of May.
今天是五月的第一天。
We are going to play basketball this afternoon.
今天下午我们要去打篮球。
We don't like bridge 34 very much.
我们不太喜欢桥牌。
4)语言的名称前不用冠词。
Can you speak English?
你会讲英语吗？
It's difficult to learn Chinese well.
要学好中文很难。
Tom knows English but he doesn't know French 35.
汤姆懂英语但不懂法语。
5) 某些固定词组不用冠词。
by air, on foot, at night, after school, at home, go to class, in fact 36, from morning till 37 night.
I'm going to Chicago 38 by air next week.
下周我要乘飞机去芝加哥。
I go to school on foot .
我步行去学校上学。
In fact, I don't know him at all.
实际上，我一点也不认识他。
He is at home today.
他今天在家。
不定完词的用法:
1) 表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用，表示一个。
I gave 1 him a book yesterday.
我昨天给了他一本书。
I am reading 2 an interesting story .
我在读一本有趣的故事书。
I have got 3 a ticket.
我有一张票。
There is a tree in front of my house.
我的屋前有一棵树。
2) 表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, 即以其中的一个代表一类。
A horse is useful 4 to mankind 5.
马对人类有用。
A bird can fly.
鸟会飞。
A steel 6 worker makes steel.
炼钢工人炼钢。
3) 不定冠词用在事物的"单位"前,如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前,表示 "每一"。
We often go to school two times a day.
我们常常一天两次去学校。
I went to the library once a week at least 7.
我一星期至少去一次图书馆。
The potato is sold 8 at about 30 fen 9 a jin.
土豆卖三毛钱一斤。
4) 不定冠词用来指某人某物,但不具体说明任何人或任何物。
A boy came 10 to see you a moment ago.
刚才有一个小孩来找你。
I got this tool 11 in a shop.
我在商店买的这件工具。
We need a car now.
我们现在需要一辆车。
She is ill, she has to see a doctor.
她病了，她得去看病。
5) 不定冠词用于某些词组。
a few 12 几个 a little 有点
She has a few friends in this city.
她在这个城市中有几个朋友。
There is a little milk in the bottle.
瓶子里有点牛奶。
Only a few students are in the classroom.
只有几个学生在教室里。
定冠词的用法。
1) 定冠词特指某(些)人或某(些)事物, 以区别于同类中其他的人或事物。
The bag in the desk is mine.
桌子里的书包是我的。
Is this the book you are looking for?
这是你要找的书吗?
Do you know the man in back?
你知道穿黑色衣服的人是谁吗？
It is not the car we are looking for.
这不是我们要找的车。
The man has found 13 his child.
那个人找到了他的孩子。
2) 定冠词用来指上文中已提到过的人或事物。
I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop. The book costs 14 15 yuan.
我从新华书店买了一本书. 这本书值十五元。
I saw 15 a film yesterday.The film was 16 ended at eight o'clock.
我昨天看了一场电影。电影八点钟结束的。
Lucy bought a radio yesterday, but she found something was wrong with the radio.
露西昨天买了一台收音机，但是她发现收音机有问题。
3) 定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前。
the sun the moon the earth 17
the sky the world the winter night
The sun is bigger than the moon.
太阳比月亮大。
I can see a bird in the sky.
我能看到天空中有一只小鸟。
I like to have a walk with the bright moon light in the evening.
我愿晚上在明亮的月光下散步。
4) 定冠词与单数名词连用,表示这一类人或物。
The dog is not too danger 18.
狗不太危险。
The cat is an animal.
猫是一种动物。
The umbrella in the shop is very cheap in this season.
这个季节商店里的雨伞很便宜。
5) 定冠词与某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化, 表示某一类人。
the poor, the rich, the wounded 19, the sick, the deaf 20.
The wounded were brought 21 to the hospital.
受伤者被送到了医院。
He always helps the poor.
他经常帮助穷人。
The deaf can go to this special school.
耳聋者可以进这所特殊学校上学。
6) 用在序数词, 形容词最高级和表示方位的名词前。
This is the biggest city in China I have ever 22 visited.
这是我在中国参观的最大的城市。
I saw a plane coming from the east.
我看见一架飞机从东方飞来。
He is the last one to help me.
他不会来帮助我的。
7) 定冠词用在演奏乐器的名称和文艺活动,运动场所的名称前。
The little girl likes to play the violin.
小女孩喜欢拉小提琴。
They are going 23 to the cinema tonight.
他们今晚要去影院看电影。
The theater 24 was on fire last week.
剧院昨天着火了。
8) 定冠词用在报刊,杂志的名称的名词之前。
I am reading the China Daily 25 now.
我现在正读中国日报。
Have you got the Evening Paper yet 26?
你拿到晚报了吗?
The Times is a foreign 27 newspaper.
泰晤士报是一家外国报纸。
The Peking Review 28 is on the desk.
北京周报在桌子上放着。
9) 定冠词用在江河,海洋,山脉,群岛的名称之前。
We live near the Yellow River.
我们住在黄河边上。
The Changjiang River is the biggest one in China.
长江是中国最大的河。
The Himalayas is located 29 in Tibet 30.
喜马拉雅山位于西藏。
10) 定冠词用在姓名复数之前,表示一家人。
The Greens is very kind to us.
格林一家人待我们很好。
The Whites like the classic 31 music.
怀特一家喜欢古典音乐。
不用冠词的场合。
1) 专有名词,抽象名词和物质名词之前一般不用冠词。
China is a largest country in the world.
中国是世界上最大的国家。
I think water is a kind of food, too.
我认为水也是一种食物。
Cotton 32 feels soft.
棉花摸起来柔软。
2) 表示日常餐食名词之前不用冠词,但如果指具体的饮食时用定冠词 the。
It's time for breakfast.
该吃早饭了。
What do you have for lunch?
你午饭吃点什么?
The dinner I had 33 at that restaurant was expensive.
我在那家饭店吃的饭很贵。
3) 在季节,月份,星期,节日。球类运动,棋类游戏的名词之前不用冠词。
Summer is hot and winter is cold here.
这儿夏天热冬天冷。
New Year's Day is coming.
新年就要到啦。
Today is the first day of May.
今天是五月的第一天。
We are going to play basketball this afternoon.
今天下午我们要去打篮球。
We don't like bridge 34 very much.
我们不太喜欢桥牌。
4)语言的名称前不用冠词。
Can you speak English?
你会讲英语吗？
It's difficult to learn Chinese well.
要学好中文很难。
Tom knows English but he doesn't know French 35.
汤姆懂英语但不懂法语。
5) 某些固定词组不用冠词。
by air, on foot, at night, after school, at home, go to class, in fact 36, from morning till 37 night.
I'm going to Chicago 38 by air next week.
下周我要乘飞机去芝加哥。
I go to school on foot .
我步行去学校上学。
In fact, I don't know him at all.
实际上，我一点也不认识他。
He is at home today.
他今天在家。
vbl.（give的过去式）给予，产生，发表
- He asked for money and I gave him some.他要钱，我给了他一些。
- I gave you a map so you wouldn't get lost. 我给你一张地图，这样你就不会迷路了。
n.阅读，知识，读物，表演，对法律条文的解释；adj.阅读的
- Children learn reading and writing at school.孩子们在学校学习阅读和写作。
- He finds pleasure in reading.他从阅读中得到乐趣。
v.(get的过去式)得到，猜到，明白
- I just got some bad news.我刚得到一些坏消息。
- I have got far too much work to do.我要做的事太多了。
adj.有用的；有益的
- The horse is a useful animal.马是有用的动物。
- He's a useful member of the team.他是该队的一名强手。
n.人类；男子，男性
- The history of mankind is the history of ideas.人类的历史就是思想的历史。
- Asia is one of the places where mankind originated.亚洲是人类的发源地之一。
n.钢，钢制品，坚强；adj.钢的，如钢铁般的，非常坚强的；vt.包钢，使坚硬，使下定决心
- Is that box made of tin or steel?这个盒子是锡做的还是铁做的？
- Steel is made from iron.钢是由铁炼成的。
adj.最小(少)的；adv.最少(小；不)；n.最小(少)
- He spends at least a part of his time in reading. 他至少有一部分空闲时间看书。
- The trip will take ten days,at least.这趟旅行顶少得10天时间。
v.动词sell的过去式、过去分词
- John's house was sold to a Frenchman.约翰的房子卖给了一个法国人。
- This kind of books is sold by all booksellers.所有的书商都出售这种书。
n.沼泽，沼池
- The willows over all the fen rippled and whitened like a field of wheat.沼泽上的柳树，随风一起一伏，泛出白光，就象一片麦田一样。
- There is a fen around each island.每个岛屿周围有一个沼泽。
v.动词come的过去式
- I was surprised why he came here so early.他为什么那么早到这里，我很惊奇。
- The doctor came in time to save his life.医生及时来抢救他的生命。
n.工具，器具
- You'll need a special tool to do that.干那个活儿要用专用工具。
- A foreign language is a useful tool.外语是有用的工具。
adj.很少的，不多的，少数的；int.少数的
- There are few woods in that area.那个地区几乎没有森林。
- I have a few questions.我有些问题要问你。
v.建立，创立，创办；vbl.(find的过去分词)找到
- I found him at home.我发现他在家。
- The United Nations was found in 1945.联合国于1945年成立。
n.讼费，诉讼费用；不惜任何代价；价钱( cost的名词复数 )；花费；牺牲；[用复数][法律]诉讼费（尤指判处败方偿付胜方的诉讼费用）v.价钱为，花费( cost的第三人称单数 )；估计成本；付出（代价）；估价
- Administration costs are passed on to the customer. 行政费用转嫁给了消费者。
- Our trips are all-inclusive—there are no hidden costs. 我们的旅行费用全包—没有任何隐含性费用。
vbl.看见(see的过去式)；n.锯；v.用锯子锯
- Would you like to saw a tree for me?你能为我锯棵树吗？
- The moment I saw you,I knew you were angry with me.我一看到你，就知道你在生我的气。
n.危险，危险物，威胁
- It's a danger to peace.这是对和平的威胁。
- The people are in danger;we must help them off.人们处境危险，我们必须帮助他们离开。
adj.受伤的；n.伤员
- The wounded man let out a cry of pain.伤员发出一阵痛苦的叫喊声。
- She attended on the wounded soldier day and night.她日夜护理着负伤的战士。
vbl.bring的过去式和过去分词
- He brought a new book with him.他带来一本新书。
- I brought you your shirt.我带来了你的衬衣。
adv.曾经；永远；不断地；在任何时候；究竟
- Have you ever been to hangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗？
- I will be young and strong and beautiful for ever.我将永远年轻、强壮，永远漂亮。
n.去，离去，地面(或道路)的状况，工作情况；(复数形式）goings: 行为；adj.进行中的，流行的，现存的
- We're going to listen to a report this afternoon. 今天下午我们要去听报告。
- He hates leaving the office and going on holiday.他不愿离开办公室去度假。
n.戏院，电影院，剧场
- Excuse me,where is the entrance to the theater?请问剧院的入口在哪里？
- Her mother never went to the theater.她母亲从不去戏院看戏。
adj.每日的，日常的；adv.每日地，日常地；n.日报
- He sells daily newspapers.他卖日报。
- He does daily exercises to help control his weight.他为控制体重而每天坚持锻炼。
adv.还，仍然，即刻；conj.尽管，然而
- I am not ready yet.我还没有准备好。
- Beautiful as she is,she didn't find a boyfriend yet.尽管她很漂亮，但还没找到男朋友呢。
adj.外国的；在外国的；来自外国的
- Are you interested in foreign languages? 你对外语感兴趣吗？
- To welcome our foreign friends. 欢迎我们的外国朋友。
n.检讨，复习，回顾，评审；v.温习，检讨，评论
- The newspaper gave a review of the new book.报纸对这本新书作了评论。
- The college published a drama review.学院出版了一份戏剧评论刊物。
adj.处于，位于
- The mechanic located the fault immediately. 机修工立即找到了出故障的地方。
- a small town located 30 miles south of Chicago 位于芝加哥以南30英里的一个小镇
n.西藏
- It was the year before last that he went to Tibet.他前年去的西藏。
- I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
n.经典作品；adj.经典的，一流的；古典的
- The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。
- The football match was a classic.那场足球比赛堪称典范。
n.棉花；v.和谐，一致；接近，亲近
- He trades in wool and cotton.他经营羊毛和棉花。
- This shirt is made of cotton.这件衬衣是棉布的。
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词；conj.有
- I just had a good idea!我有个好主意！
- The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
n.桥，鼻梁，桥牌；vt.渡过，架桥
- There are two bookshops near the bridge.大桥附近有两家书店。
- I am strange at bridge.我对桥牌是外行。
adj.法国(人)的，法语的；n.法语；vt.剁肉，蔬菜切成长条
- She reads French quite well,but doesn't speak it.她法语的阅读能力相当强，但不会讲。
- The only French city she enjoyed was Paris.巴黎是她惟一喜欢的法国城市。
n.事实，实情，论据
- It is close to fact.这更接近于事实。
- I'm going there tomorrow,as a matter of fact.其实，我明天是准备去那里。
conj.直到(...为止)；n.(账台中)放钱的抽屉；prep.直到；pron.直到...为止，直到；vt.耕种
- It was not till 11 o'clock that he came back last night.昨晚直到11点他才回来。
- You can come to my house till all hours.你多晚来我家都没关系。