时间:2019-02-05 作者:英语课 分类:托福英语


英语课

   孔子曰:“言之无文,行而不远。”汉语中有修辞,英语中自然也有。早在90年代初的TOEFL听力考试中,美语的修辞手法便得到了初步的运用,随着TOEFL听力不断向Daily(日常生活化)和Functional(语言交际功能化)发展,为考试而刻意雕琢的那些呆板、生硬的语法现象已荡然无存,各种各样修辞方法的广泛运用已成为听力语言地道性的重要表现。


  不过,也正是由于修辞的出现,无形间加大了我们对其语言理解的难度,有时甚至“不知所云”,即使看到了听力文字部分,也是“一头雾水”,但如果我们真正领悟了修辞中字里行间的奥秘,不仅会帮助我们迅速解题,更会被TOEFL听力中的经典修辞艺术所服。从这种角度考虑,修辞堪称TOEFL听力调色“话”板的点睛笔!
  为了透彻理解TOEFL听力修辞语言的话外音,我们有必要对近年来TOEFL听力中出现的各种美语修辞手法做一个分析和总结,以有利于考生究其根本,从而顺利、快捷的解题。
  Hyperbole(夸张)
  试比较以下TOEFL听力短对话的两种回答方式:
  Have you asked your brother to do the dishes?
  1)Yes, many times.(很多遍了。)
  2)Yes, a thousand times.(无数次了。)
  很明显,第一种回答方式不如第二种生动,因为a thousand times(无数次)使用了Hyperbole(夸张)的修辞手法。Hyperbole一词源于希腊语的huperbole,意思是exceed(超过),是一种故意夸大其词(overstatement)或言过其实的修辞手法;其特点是对表达对象进行有违常识或不合逻辑的夸张性描写,以达到强烈的修辞效果。如:a river of tears (泪河)、a mountain of coal (煤山)、oceans of people (人海)...
  Hyperbole(夸张)在TOEFL听力中的运用也可谓炉火纯青。
  比如:(划线部分为夸张之处)
  1)You are my lifesaver.(你是我的“救命恩人”。)
  2)You are 100% right.(你“百分之百”的正确。)
  3)My back killed me.(我的腰痛的厉害。)
  4)You make me feel guilty 1. (你让我感觉像是在犯罪。)
  5)I haven"t seen you for ages. (好久不见了呀!)
  6)I could sleep for a whole year. (我太困了。)
  7)We"re all tired to death.(我们快累死了。)
  当然,除了TOEFL听力,Hyperbole(夸张)的修辞手法在英语语言文学中的经典范例不胜枚举:
  1)One father is more than a hundred schoolmasters. (George Herbert) (一个父亲的作用大于100个教师。)
  2)It"s a crime 2 to stay inside on such a beautiful day. (今天阳光明媚,躲在家中实在太遗憾了。) 3)A drop of ink may make a million think.(George G Byron)(一滴墨水写成的文字可让千万人思索。)
  Simile(明喻)
  试比较以下两种TOEFL听力表达方式:
  1)He spent a lot of money.(他花了大笔的钱。)
  2)He spent a lot of money, like water.(他花钱如流水。)
  很明显,第二种表达方式比第一种更加生动和形象。因为like water(如流水)使用了Simile(明喻)的修辞手法,这样以来,无疑使语言更加精彩和完美,听力考试也不再单纯是一门考试,而变成了一种享受。Simile(明喻)一词源于拉丁语similes,其意为like(象)。他借助人们的想象力,使用一定的比喻词如:like, as等加以连接,从而清楚的表明两种事物之间的相似之处,使得表达更加新鲜有趣。其典型形式是A is like B.
  Simile(明喻)的修辞手法在TOEFL听力中的运用可谓炉火纯青。
  比如:(划线部分为明喻之处) 1.Like引导
  1) He sweats 3 like a pig.(他像猪一样流汗。)
  2) They slept like babies.(他们像婴儿一样熟睡着。)
  3) Living without an aim is like sailing 4 without a compass.(John Ruskin)(生活没有目标犹如航行没有指南针。)
  4) Records fell like ripe apples on a windy day.(E.B. White)(被打破的记录犹如刮风天成熟的苹果——纷纷坠落。)
  2.As引导
  1)She is as beautiful as a flower.(她像花一样的美丽。)
  2)“I am as light as a feather, I am as happy as am angel 5, I am as merry as a school boy. I am as giddy as a drunken man...”(Charles Dickens)(我像羽毛一样轻,我像天使一样幸福,我像小学生一样快活,我像喝醉了酒的人一样飘飘然……)
  3)The first time I read an excellent book, it is to me as if I had gained a new friend. (我头一回读到一本好书,对我来说好象交了一位新朋友。)
  注意:As引导的as...as结构在英语中得到了广泛应用,若能在口语交流或各种作文考试(如:TWE等)中用上一个,定会得到意想不到的效果,常用的as结构有:
  (as) firm as a rock坚如磐石(as) light as a feather轻如鸿毛(as) close as an oyster守口如瓶(as) mute as a fish噤若寒蝉(as) strong as a horse强壮如牛(as) cool as a cucumber泰然自若(as) sober as a judge十分清醒(as) sure as a gun千真万确

adj.犯罪的;有罪的;内疚的
  • There wasn't enough evidence to prove him guilty.没有充分的证据证明他有罪。
  • Really honest people are ofter made to feel guilty.真正老实的人常被弄得感到犯了罪似的。
n.犯罪,罪行,罪恶
  • You'll have to pay for your crime.你得为你的罪行付出代价。
  • Crime in our big cities is on the increase.在我们大城市里犯罪率正在增长。
n.汗油(石蜡发汗所得的油);汗( sweat的名词复数 );出汗;运动服;苦差事v.(使)出汗( sweat的第三人称单数 );(使)流汗;(使)发汗;焖
  • The outside of a glass of ice water sweats on a hot day. 热天冰水玻璃杯的外面冒出水气。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • The lumberjack sweats as he cuts down a tree. 伐木工人边砍树边擦汗。 来自辞典例句
n.航行,航海术,启航
  • Experienced seamen will advise you about sailing in this weather.有经验的海员会告诉你在这种天气下的航行情况。
  • The operation was plain sailing.手术进行得顺利。
n.天使,守护神,可爱的人
  • The angel of death's in the house!死神在屋里呢!
  • I can say without exaggeration that she is an angel.我可以毫不夸张地说她是个天使。
标签: 托福听力
学英语单词
a nightie
accessory charges
additional instruction storage
all-point
anode arc
apartment complexes
balbutiate
bangies
Bedoulian
bent crystal spectrometer
best-kept secrets
blackwalls
bonseki
brake grease baffle
bushers
carbide tipped tool
cellulose plate
central route of persuasion
central space
column select
common mode rejection ratio cmrr)
compact topology
complementary enterprise
compressed air energy storage
conus generalis
core turn-over and lifting machine
COSCO Tianjin
Crista occipitalis externa
dead file
demo-plant
derivation algebra
direct access storage inquiry
enclosed slag
epithioamide
eukaryons
eveninger
fluoroalcohol
Friedlnder synthesis
from this out
Gaudi i Cornet
grievers
handball palm
hexanitrin
honey bush
horizontal lamination
huttoni
hybridisings
Hårslev
i-gloupet
in letter and in spirit
inelastic fibers
input spooling subsystem
khaskovo (haskovo)
lechitski
Ligamenta plantaria
locatelli
loop spreader
lowly priced
maltagliati
management competencies
mega-elctron-volt
modulation reference level
motor shell
multilocular ovary
nominal tension
open quote
orcinolphthalein
packet conveyer
paste spread
peninsular Spanish
political contributions
postvaccinal purpura
potagere
precoma stage
pressor agent
ragged image
range of load
reassociated
redemption of debt
rehaemorrhagia
relaces
report author
richmond
right the wrong
rock pigeon
selective mining
send sb off
shoe collars
stand for nothing
strong springing suspension
syncpulse
terminal word
tetramethyl-uric acid
three-strikes
thymus dependent area
toad test
trembling pulse
turn the tables on
veneer wood
veno-arterial bypass
Wadamago
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