全国公共英语等级考试五级 b2

　　[00:00.00]Questions 14-16 are based on the following news report.

[00:06.58]You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14--16.

[00:13.53]W:Welcome to the 9 o'clock news of CBD,I'm Susan Morphy.

[00:20.38]A tornado 1 hit the northwestern parts of Mexico,

[00:25.31]and caused severe casualties.

[00:29.07]Though there had been warnings beforehand,

[00:33.23]as the tornado went slightly away from the predicted route,

[00:38.58]many people failed to escape from its fatal sweeps.

[00:43.73]According to the first estimates,

[00:47.49]at least 200 people were killed and about 30,000 became homeless.

[00:54.33]Let's now connect to Tim Hudson,our correspondent there,

[01:00.08]for some more details.

[01:03.84]Hi,Tim. Can you give us a report about the tornado there.

[01:09.09]M:Hi,Susan.

[01:12.15]As you all know,the tornado has caused great losses.

[01:18.29]There had been some warnings about the tornado before it arrived.

[01:24.22]But it came slightly away from the predicted route,

[01:29.29]and,moreover,it came to the densely 2 populated area about 2 a.m.

[01:36.44]when most people were in sound sleep.

[01:40.99]A lot of buildings have become topless,

[01:45.64]and many large trees have been rooted up.

[01:50.89]W:What about the casualties?

[01:54.44]M:There has been no exact report about it so far.

[01:59.80]According to some reliable estimate,

[02:04.16]there were no less than 200 of them.

[02:08.60]As a heavy rain went with tornado,

[02:13.15]some parts of the city where I'm standing 3

[02:18.00]have been cut off and isolated 4 by the flood.

[02:22.97]We don't know what had exactly happened to those parts.

[02:29.00]W:How about the rescue work?

[02:32.76]M:As a matter of fact.

[02:36.00]the local government wasted no time.

[02:40.65]Just about 20 minutes after the tornado had passed,

[02:46.58]the local TV and broadcast

[02:50.92]started to give instructions on the locations of emergency centers

[02:57.37]in different districts of the city.

[03:01.63]Early this morning,

[03:05.68]a team from the Mexican government has arrived.

[03:10.64]Actually,I'm just back from the airport.

[03:15.47]W:Thank you,Tim.

[03:18.43]Now let's move on to other news...

[03:22.76]You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions 14--16.

[03:30.31]Question 14-16 according to Part B (2).

[03:32.38]14.What was the main cause of the severe casualties?

[03:34.41](A)The tornado came ahead of time.

[03:36.42](B)There was no warning beforehand.

[03:38.46](C)The prediction was not accurate.

[03:40.50](D)The preventions were not effective.

[03:42.56]15.What happened to many buildings?

[03:44.60](A)They were torn apart.

[03:46.66](B)Their upper parts were carried away  (C)They were removed

[03:48.70](D)Their overall structures were ruined.

[03:50.77]16.What was the correspondent's comment on the local government's rescue work?

[03:52.80](A)Prompt  (B)Confident  (C)Ineffective  (D)Casual

[03:54.84]Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk on the legal system in Great Britain

[04:02.39]You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17--20.

[04:08.84]The beginning of the legal system in Great Britain

[04:13.60]took place in the late 11th century.

[04:18.46]After the Norman Conquest,William I,

[04:23.71]the new king from France,

[04:27.47]was faced with a lot of problems.

[04:31.70]But the most important one is to keep order.

[04:36.56]On the one hand,

[04:39.61]the newly conquered English were far from being obedient to the conquerors 5.

[04:46.17]Many of them were seeking restoration of truly English ruling,

[04:52.23]On the other hand,

[04:55.26]not all of those who fought for William I in the Battle of Hasting

[05:01.32]were loyal to the new king.

[05:05.27]What they were seeking was more money and more power

[05:10.33]Either of these groups of people might be the potential

[05:15.59]overthrowers of William Is ruling.

[05:20.84]However,William was wise enough not only to realize these threats,

[05:27.18]but to set out to eliminate them.

[05:31.34]One of the most important and effective ways was to send the circulars,

[05:38.10]These were groups of people who were either capable fighters or brilliant judges,

[05:45.55]headed by a person who was both intelligent and faithful to the king.

[05:51.69]The functions of these people included the suppression of uprisings

[05:58.22]and the judgments 7 of conflicts,

[06:02.48]As these judges were often not at all familiar with

[06:07.62]the people involved in the lawsuits 8,

[06:11.77]investigations had to be carried out among the local people.

[06:17.73]And the opinions of the local people

[06:21.99]were so important for judgment 6 of the cases

[06:27.13]that this eventually became an indispensable part of the English law.

[06:33.80]Those who were consulted before the court was open

[06:38.84]were members of the Grand Jury

[06:42.81]and those who helped make the final decision became members of the Petty Jury.

[06:49.34]The judges also noticed that people were more satisfied

[06:54.88]with the judgment of some cases than with others.

[07:00.13]They took special care to remember these more satisfied ones

[07:05.98]and applied 9 them to similar case.

[07:10.13]That more often than not proved effective.

[07:14.60]That was the beginning of precedents 10 in the English law.

[07:19.93]You now have 40 seconds to check your answers to Questions 17--20.

[07:27.48]Question 17-20 according to Part C (3).

[07:29.62]17.What was the most serious problem facing William I?

[07:31.68](A)The threat from France  (B)The problem with economy

[07:33.72](C)His rivals in the court  (D)The confusions of society

[07:35.78]18.What was the followers 11 of William I most interested in?

[07:37.82](A)Larger fortunes  (B)More fightings

[07:39.89](C)Obedience of their own subordinates.

[07:41.92](D)Restoration of their previous positions.

[07:43.96]19.Who helped the judges with the decision of lawsuits?

[07:46.02](A)Local scholars on law    (B)Local ordinary people

[07:48.06](C)Followers of the judges  (D)Investigators of the cases

[07:50.13]20.Who became members of the Petty Jury?

[07:52.16](A)Those who helped before the count was open.

[07:54.23](B)Those who-had something to do with the cases.

[07:56.26](C)Those who were involved in the final decision.

[07:58.30](D)Those who were assistants of the judges.

[08:00.37]That is the end of Part B.

[08:04.28]Part C

[08:07.03]You will hear a talk about the history of the Red Cross.

[08:12.17]As you listen,you must answer Questions 21--30.

[08:18.52]by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right

[08:26.07]You will hear the talk TWICE.

[08:30.01]You now have 60 seconds to read Questions 21-30.

[08:36.78]Red Cross is the name and symbol of a worldwide voluntary organization

[08:44.23]Its purpose is to help the wounded,sick,

[08:50.08]and prisoners-of-war in time of war

[08:54.52]and to do first aid,nursing,and welfare work in time of peace.

[09:00.76]In 1859.

[09:04.50]the sight of the French and Italian wounded due to a battle in northern Italy

[09:10.92]made a Swiss feel uneasy

[09:14.76]His name was Jean Henri Dunant.

[09:19.12]He set out to rally the local townsfolk to care for them.

[09:24.38]He published a book

[09:27.61]urging that voluntary societies should be formed to do these jobs.

[09:33.47]As a result,the governments of several countries

[09:38.32]took part in an international conference at Geneva in 1864.

[09:45.06]and drew up a treaty called The Geneva Convention.

[09:49.71]The principle of this Convention was that in war the sick and wounded,

[09:56.95]whatever their nationality,

[10:00.71]should be protected and cared for;

[10:04.66]and that the people looking after them,

[10:08.52]the transport conveying them,

[10:12.75]military hospitals and medical equipment should be safe from attack.

[10:19.28]Then a clearly marked red cross and white ground became the symbol of this.

[10:26.05]Certain countries used other forms.

[10:30.39]For example,in Persia a Red Lion and Sun is used instead of the Red Cross.

[10:35.82]By now nearly every nation

[10:40.47]has its own Red Cross Society with similar aims and objects

[10:46.53]Since 1864 the original Convention has been revised several times,

[10:53.87]and the last revision was in 1949.

[10:59.51]Its principles now apply to shipwrecked persons and prisoners-of-war

[11:05.65]and include certain measures for the protection of civilians 13 in wartime

[11:12.31]The International Red Cross Committee of twenty-five members,

[11:17.77]with permanent offices in Geneva,

[11:22.03]is the neutral which is particularly active in time of war

[11:27.36]The Committee was the chief means of the Red Cross.

[11:32.69]Through this means

[11:36.74]regular supplies of parcels containing food and other necessities

[11:42.88]were sent to prisoners-of-war;

[11:46.93]and through this means postal 14 messages

[11:51.39]came bringing news of civilians

[11:55.13]as well as prisoners-of-war to their family members and

[12:00.69]In 1919.the League of Red Cross Societies

[12:06.33]was founded to develop and encourage the work of

[12:10.98]the national societies in peace-time,

[12:15.24]and to co-ordinate their work for refugees

[12:19.71]and their relief activities for the victims of hurricanes or typhoons,

[12:25.85]floods,earthquakes,and other natural disasters.

[12:31.41]In many countries,

[12:34.55]Red Cross are now also responsible for work such as the blood-supply program.

[12:42.10]The British Red Cross Society was first active in 1870.

[12:48.13]Its Voluntary Detachments of men trained in first aid and women in first aid

[12:55.08]and nursing became well known in both the First and the Second World Wars.

[13:01.53]They staffed and administered hospitals and ambulances,

[13:06.89]transported the wounded in every theatre of war

[13:11.64]They also helped to trace wounded and missing men,

[13:16.39]During the Second World War

[13:19.84]they undertook these and many additional duties.

[13:24.60]The Red Cross voluntary Aid Detachments

[13:29.06]shared the work of civil defence

[13:33.11]in caring for civilian 12 casualties of enemy action.

[13:38.26]in peace.much of the Society's welfare work is done by Red Cross members

[13:44.82]who are not trained as Voluntary Aid Attachments 15.

[13:49.47]The British Red Cross has overseas branches in the Crown colonies

[13:55.71]and dependencies where health teaching and maternity 16

[14:00.75]and child welfare are important aspects of the work.

[14:06.11]The first Junior Red Cross sections were formed in 1917,

[14:11.96]and by now many millions of boys and girls throughout the world

[14:17.99]are members of the organization.

[14:22.04]In Britain,after suitable training,

[14:26.27]they undertake service which is similar to adult members

[14:31.21]in caring for the sick and suffering.

[14:35.26]The U.S.Red Cross was founded in 1881 by Clara Barton.

[14:41.50]Miss Barton was called the Angel of the Battlefield.

[14:46.54]She set up a supply service dunng the U.S.Civil War

[14:51.79]and was nurse in army camps and on battlefields.

[14:56.55]She also led searches for themissing.

[15:00.99]After the founding of Red Cross in the U.S.

[15:05.35]she was its head until 1904.

[15:09.61]Now you are going to hear the talk a second time.

[15:14.15]You now have 100 seconds to check your answers to Questions 21--30.