全国公共英语等级考试五级 d1

　　[00:00.00]Exercise 4

[00:02.98]Part A

[00:05.83]You will hear a lecture given by a doctor about depression in women.

[00:12.56]As you listen,answer Questions 1--10 by circling True or False.

[00:21.13]You will hear the lecture ONLY ONCE.

[00:25.68]You now have 60 seconds to read Questions 1--10.

[00:32.52]Good morning,everybody.

[00:35.79]Today,I'd like to focus on the topic "Depression in Women."

[00:41.93]Here are several questions.

[00:45.48]First,Is depression common in women?

[00:49.95]What are the symptoms?

[00:53.08]About 20% of women have depression at least once,

[00:58.54]roughly a bit more than the male cases.

[01:03.29]If you're depressed 1,you may have some of these symptoms:

[01:08.94]Feeling sad,having the "blues 2" or crying a lot,

[01:13.67]Losing interest or pleasure in your usual activities,

[01:18.92]Feeling guilty,hopeless or worthless

[01:23.57]Thinking about death or suicide 3

[01:28.11]Sleeping too much,or not being able to go to sleep or stay asleep,

[01:34.07]Losing your appetite and losing weight.

[01:38.01](or eating too much and gaining weight)

[01:42.37]Feeling very tired or slowed down.

[01:46.71]Having trouble paying attention and making decisions.

[01:51.88]Having aches and pains that don't get better with treatment.

[01:56.92]Now,our next question is "What causes depression?"

[02:03.06]If some brain chemicals are too low,

[02:07.79]the brain's nerve cells work slower.

[02:12.23]This causes depression.

[02:15.89]Stressful life events,especially the death of a loved one,

[02:21.64]a divorce or moving

[02:25.29](such as leaving home to go to work or to college),

[02:30.05]may also cause depression.

[02:33.70]Then,how is depression treated?

[02:38.15]If your depression isn't too bad,

[02:41.99]simply talk to your doctor Counseling 4 alone may help.

[02:47.92]It's important to take good care of yourself

[02:52.49]to exercise and to eat healthy foods.

[02:57.14]See the list of do's and don'ts at the end of this handout 5.

[03:02.18]If you have bad depression,

[03:05.94]your doctor can prescribe a medicine called an "antidepressant"

[03:11.48]Medicine alone or medicine with counseling

[03:16.10]can help most women who have depression.

[03:20.65]If you get pregnant 6 while you're taking a medicine for depression,

[03:26.00]tell your doctor right away.

[03:29.84]Your doctor will know if your medicine is safe to take.

[03:35.30]If you're planning to get pregnant,

[03:39.14]talk to your doctor about your medicines before you try to get pregnant

[03:45.18]Almost all medicines for depression would get into breast milk.

[03:51.24]Ask your doctor before you start breast feeding.

[03:55.78]But if you forget to take a dose of depression medicines

[04:01.03]what should you do?

[04:03.98]If three hours have passed,skip the dose.

[04:09.13]Otherwise,go ahead and take it

[04:12.87]If you miss a dose,don't take two doses the next time.

[04:18.82]Next,what are the side effects of depression medicines?

[04:24.28]The side effects include dry mouth,vomiting,diarrhea,

[04:31.12]nervousness,blurred vision,a'spacy'feeling,

[04:37.68]bladder problems,tiredness,sleepiness or troubled sleeping,

[04:45.73]dizziness,shaky hands,fast heartbeats or weight gain.

[04:52.78]If a side effect bothers you,talk to your doctor about it.

[04:58.45]Some people may ask

[05:02.00]how will I know if my medicine is helping 7 my depression?"

[05:07.15]You'll sleep better

[05:10.20]Your appetite will improve,and you will have more energy.

[05:15.95]You'll have a better feeling about the future.

[05:20.50]You'll feet less sad,

[05:23.87]and it will be easier to make decisions.

[05:27.92]Be patient--it may take about three weeks

[05:32.56]before you start to feel better

[05:36.40]At last,how long should you need to take the medicine?

[05:42.75]If this is the first time you've been depressed,

[05:47.48]you'll take the medicine for about six months.

[05:52.03]If this is the second time you've been depressed,

[05:56.78]you'll take the medicine for about a year.

[06:00.83]However if this is the third or fourth time you've been depressed,

[06:06.58]you may need to take the medicine for years.

[06:10.83]Some do's and don'ts when you're depressed

[06:15.48]--Don't isolate 8 yourself.

[06:18.83]Stay in touch with your loved ones and friends.

[06:23.19]Don't make major life decisions

[06:27.13](for example,about separation or divorce).

[06:31.99]You may not be thinking clearly right now,

[06:36.15]so your decisions may not be the best ones for you.

[06:40.90]Do exercise every day to make yourself

[06:45.84]feel better and to get more energy.

[06:49.78]Do eat balanced meals and healthy food,

[06:54.33]and get the right amount of sleep.

[06:58.09]Don't blame yourself for your depression.

[07:02.53]You didn't cause it.

[07:05.69]Don't be,discouraged about not feeling well right away

[07:11.05]Be patient with yourself.

[07:14.49]Do take your medicine or go to talk therapy on a regular basis

[07:20.56]Your medicine won't work if you only take it once in a while.

[07:25.99]Do set small goals for yourself,

[07:30.22]because you may have less energy,

[07:33.98]Do encourage yourself,and don't give up.

[07:38.24]Do get as much information as you can about

[07:42.89]depression and its treatments.

[07:46.55]Call your doctor or the local suicide crisis 9 center right away

[07:53.50]if you start to thinking about suicide.

[07:57.65]You now have 20 seconds to check your answers to Questions 1--10.

[08:04.10]Question 1-10 according to Part A.

[08:06.14]1.Depression is commoner in women than in men.

[08:08.20]2.If a patient is depressed,she's likely to put on weight.

[08:10.21]3.A woman'll feel depressed if her aches don't get better with treatment

[08:12.25]4.Some cases of depression can be cured simply by talk therapy.

[08:14.32]5.Pregnant women should not take any depression medicines.

[08:16.35]6.Depression medicine is harmful to women who are breast-feeding.

[08:18.42]7.Women with depression should be careful not to make major life decisions

[08:20.43]8.Don't take too much depression medicine if you're depressed more than once

[08:22.49]9.One of the side effects of depression medicine is feeling dazed and dreamy

[08:24.53]10.Fast heartbeat is one of the causes of depression.

[08:26.57]That is the end of Part A.

[08:30.51]Part B

[08:33.18]You will hear several conversations or talks

[08:37.62]and you must answer the questions by choosing A.B,C or D.

[08:44.88]You will hear the recording 10 ONLY ONCE.

[08:49.32]Questions 11--13 are based on the talk about business management

[08:55.67]You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11--13.

[09:02.20]One of the first steps in examining your business idea

[09:07.74]is to do some research to get to know more about your market.

[09:13.80]Presumably you already know that a market exists for your product.

[09:19.75]If you have an idea for a business

[09:23.70]but you're not sure whether a market for it exists or is

[09:29.94]big enough to support your business,

[09:33.91]you are getting ahead of yourself.

[09:37.54]If that description applies to you,you'll need to take a step back

[09:43.78]and look at finding the right small business for you.

[09:49.53]For those who believe that a market exists,

[09:54.18]but who want to know more about the size and shape of the market

[10:00.24]in order to forecast their chances for success.

[10:05.70]research is the best place to start.

[10:09.93]Researching your market to know more about your customers and your competitors

[10:16.78]is a critical step for small business owners.

[10:21.92]If roctor & Gamble 11 puts out a product that doesn't sell,

[10:27.57]they move on to the next idea.

[10:31.69]If you put out a product that doesn't sell,

[10:36.16]you're out of business.

[10:39.40]When you conduct research,

[10:43.27]you'll want to find out the following:

[10:47.31]Who are your likely customers?

[10:51.36]Where do you think your business need to be

[10:56.22](for example,if students are your customers,

[11:01.47]you may need to be near schools)

[11:05.84]How can you reach your customers?

[11:09.99]Which marketing 12 options will reach the most customers

[11:15.74]at the lowest cost?

[11:19.18]How much will they pay for your product or service?

[11:24.72]Are you planning to charge too much for your product or service?

[11:30.57]Are you planning to charge too little?

[11:35.01]Who are your competitors?

[11:38.78]Have you also considered those who aren't direct competitors

[11:44.63]but who might nevertheless compete against you

[11:49.46](for example,if you sell an online magazine,

[11:55.49]you're competing not just against other online magazines

[12:01.66]but against other products that occupy someone's leisure time)?

[12:07.90]How will you be positioned in the marketplace?

[12:12.76]Will you compete with existing businesses head on

[12:17.91]or will you try to find a special place?

[12:22.77]For a more complete analysis of how to assess your market,

[12:28.30]please attend our discussion in the seminar next week in Classroom 250.

[12:35.64]You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions 11--13.