翻译点津:钱钟书的英文信函
英语课
钱钟书是我国博通古今中外的大学问家、作家。学术巨著《管锥篇》博大精深;长篇小说《围城》脍炙人口。他还是《毛泽东选集》英译本定稿人。为了使读者进一步欣赏钱钟书的英语文采,现把钱钟书给林书武的三封英语信刊登出来,并加汉译。同时,做些必要的注解方便各位:
第一封信
My Dear Shu-Wu[1], May 14
Your letter gives me a joyful 1 surprise[2]. Your English is astonishingly good. This is not "flannel 2" or "butter"[3] but my sincere opinion (my hand upon my heart!). The idea found from your version of Chairman's statement is, to say the least, quite unjust[4]. Perhaps your hand is recovering some of its old cunning momentarily lost through long lack of practice[5]. At any rate, it would be a pity-nay, a sin, a crime[6]-to let your[7] English get rusty 3 and become finally unserviceable。
Yours in haste
By a slip of pen, you wrote "allocation" instead of "Collocation". This is a mere 4 peccadillo 5. Don't let meticulousness 6 about such trifles cramp 7 your style。
参考译文:
书武:
看了来信,又惊又喜。你的英语之好,出人意外。这不是兜圈子的奉承话,而是真诚的意见(我手按在胸前发誓!)。你以前翻译主席文章的段落,我看了以后有些想法。现在看来,那些想法至少是很不公正的。你长期以来缺乏实践,一时失去原有的灵巧手法,也许逐渐得到恢复。不管怎么样,让你的英语生锈,最终变得无法利用,那是件憾事——不,是罪过,是犯罪。
钱钟书匆匆
5月14日
又及,由于笔误,你把collocation写成allocation。这只是一个小错。别把这些小事看得过重,变得谨小慎微,妨碍你写作方式的完善。
注解:
[1] My Dear…是英语书信的一种格式,并不非译出来不可。这里可译作:书武。林书武当时是中国社会科学院语言研究所研究人员。1970年冬,下放河南息县劳动锻炼,在那段时间跟钱钟书有过一段交往。此信写于1971年5月。
[2] a joyful surprise: 又惊又喜。英语的短语,译成汉语时往往变成动词短语。
[3] flannel: 花言巧语。此信中用双引号有两处。第一处有“所谓的”的意思,注8为第二处,意指原词。
[4] 这是一个复杂句,但并不难分析。要说的是"to say the least"是个插入语;英语句子常用插入语。例如: Your composition, to put it bluntly, is ill written. 你的作文,坦率地说,写得很不好。
[5]momentarily lost修饰cunning; through long lack of practice, 这里又是名词短语变作译文中动词短语的例子。
[6] sin和crime几乎是同义词。这里连用,旨在加强语气。
[7] 词底下划一横线,表强调之意。
第二封信
My Dear Lin[1], May 2
Excuse this belated reply to your very kind May Day greetings. It’s almost literally 8 "a day after the fair". What with fixing the mosquito net, queuing for sweets at the co-op store, fetching and distributing letters, and the thousand and one odds 9 and ends which eat away one's time, the red letter day was over before I know where I was[3]. Well[4], here go my best wishes in which my wife joins. Your letter makes me ashamed. I feel guilty like a swindler who has won your "gratitude 10" without doing anything to earn it. Your characteristic generosity 11 has led you to overestimate 12 the aids to study I gave. Yes, vocabulary is important. Pedagogues 13 used to distinguish a pupil's active... or[5] writing and speaking vocabulary. As you know, the latter is far more extensive than the former. How to turn the supinely passive into the nimbly active-- that's the big problem[6]. However, enough of shop talk. Tomorrow to the battle and more power to your elbow![7]
Yours Sincerely
参考译文:
林:
5月1日承蒙来信祝贺节日,迟复为歉。称之为“集市后的一天”,此语非虚。安蚊帐,在合作社小店排队买糖果,往邮局取信,回来分发,以及忙乎耗费时间的没完没了的琐事,不知不觉中纪念日已经过去了。在此,我和妻子向你致以最良好的祝愿。你的来信,使我感到惭愧。我像个骗子,没干什么就获得了你的感谢,这使我感到内疚。我对你的学习,帮助甚少,你特有的忠厚,使你过誉了这种帮助。是的,词汇是重要的。教师通常把词汇分为积极的和消极的词汇,前者为写和说的词汇,后者为阅读的词汇。正如你所知道的,学生的词汇中,后者远比前者多得多。如何把呆板的消极词汇变成灵活的积极词汇,这是个大问题。但有关行内的议论,就说这么多吧。明天就要投入战斗了,加油干!
钱钟书谨上
5月2日
注解:
[1] 此信写于1972年5月2日,距上封信近一年。
[2] Excuse my late arrival, 或Excuse me for coming late都可以说,但中国学生似乎更喜欢采用后一个句型。所以信中说Excuse this belated reply更显得新颖。
[3] 这是一个复杂句。Thousand and one odds and ends, 极言琐事繁多。Red letter day: 日历上节日、纪念日都是用红色字体印,故称。这个句子定是神来之笔,百读不厌。
[4] Well是个多义词。作为感叹词,也可以表达多种意思,不能一律译作“嗳”、“嗯”、“啊”。这里信中用来改变话题。
[5] Or除了常见的“或者”义之外,这里是“等于”、“即”的意思(注:此处原文有删减)。
[6] How to.。。是个话题,that是主话。这样的写法突出重点,又很生动。
[7] 两句都是不完全句。前一个常用,如快下课时说,Enough for the time being(暂时就谈这么多), So much for today(今天就讲这么多)。后一个是口号式句,简洁有力。
第三封信
My Dear Lin[1],
I am deeply grateful, but I have smiting 14 of conscience[2]. As you know, I have my own ration 15 of sugar, and I must not deprive you of yours[3]. As to the tidbits, a healthy young man has more need of them to stay his hunger[4] between the meals--much more than an old man does. So I am returning them with heartfelt thanks--accompanied with a little token of esteem 16[5]. The latest Number of Broadsheet is worth glancing at.[6]
Your thankfully
参考译文:
林:
很感谢你,但我深感不安。正如你知道的,白糖,我有自己的定量,我不应该取你的。至于那些精美的点心,健康的小伙子比老人更加迫切需要,以便在两顿饭之间充饥。所以我怀着衷心的谢意把糖和点心还给你,同时附上一些英文报纸杂志,聊表敬意。最近一期的Broadsheet(报纸)值得一看。
钱钟书 谨上
注解:
[1] 这封信没署日期。大概写于1972年钱钟书杨绛离开河南明港,提前返回北京的几个月前。信中提到“白糖”、“点心”等话,指的是林书武为了感谢钱钟书赠送英语书报,对林书武学习上的指导,送给钱钟书的东西。
[2] smite和conscience搭配,是地道的英语,如:His conscience smote 17 him. 他受到了良习的谴责。也可以说成: He had smiting of conscience。
[3] to deprive you of yours 夺取你的东西,不能说成to deprive yours. 同类动词还有一些,例如rob. Those barking of a dog robbed me of my sleep. 狗吠了又吠,弄得我无法入睡。
[4] to stay ones hunger是地道的英语,学生往往想不到这种用法。“充饥”不要说成to fill ones hunger, 要采用这里的说法。
[5] a little token of esteem 当时钱钟书还送给林书武一些英文报纸杂志。
[6] to be worth 接动词的ing形式,表示值得做……,这里的is worth glancing at, 值得一看。注意:跟to be worthy 18的差别: to be worthy of something 应该得到某事物;to be worthy to do sth 应该做某事。
总的来说,钱钟书这三封英语信,是珍贵的学习资料。除了其思想内容之外,单从英语写作技巧来说,就有许多值得学习的地方。以下仅提出两点:
1、这三封信句法变化丰富,相邻的两句句型绝不相同。简单句,复杂句,定语从句,非完全句,等等,变化多端,多有神来之笔。钱钟书的英文信,富有灵气。
2、用词特点之一是多用近义词,如flannel和butter; sin 和crime; 词的搭配很地道,如“充饥”,“值得一看”等等的英语表达式,都是不可替换的。
adj.欢乐的,令人欢欣的
- She was joyful of her good result of the scientific experiments.她为自己的科学实验取得好成果而高兴。
- They were singing and dancing to celebrate this joyful occasion.他们唱着、跳着庆祝这令人欢乐的时刻。
n.法兰绒;法兰绒衣服
- She always wears a grey flannel trousers.她总是穿一条灰色法兰绒长裤。
- She was looking luscious in a flannel shirt.她穿着法兰绒裙子,看上去楚楚动人。
adj.生锈的;锈色的;荒废了的
- The lock on the door is rusty and won't open.门上的锁锈住了。
- I haven't practiced my French for months and it's getting rusty.几个月不用,我的法语又荒疏了。
adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过
- That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。
- It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。
n.轻罪,小过失
- For this peccadillo he was demoted and sent back to pound the beat.由于这次过失,他被降了级,又被打发去干徒步巡警了。
- A fine of £5000 is swinging for such a peccadillo.这样的一个小过失,罚款5000英镑太多了吧。
谨小慎微
- ICD 10 is characterized by its newness, comprehensiveness and meticulousness. ICD?10 的主要特点是新、全、细。 来自互联网
- The distinct grill cooking, typifies the health-consciousness, meticulousness and artistry of classic French food. 铁板烧以其独特的烹饪手法,更能体现出法式料理崇尚科学健康搭配,追求精雕细琢、术美感的风格。 来自互联网
n.痉挛;[pl.](腹)绞痛;vt.限制,束缚
- Winston stopped writing,partly because he was suffering from cramp.温斯顿驻了笔,手指也写麻了。
- The swimmer was seized with a cramp and had to be helped out of the water.那个在游泳的人突然抽起筋来,让别人帮着上了岸。
adv.照字面意义,逐字地;确实
- He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
- Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候,她不走到真正要昏厥了,决不肯坐下来。
n.让步,机率,可能性,比率;胜败优劣之别
- The odds are 5 to 1 that she will win.她获胜的机会是五比一。
- Do you know the odds of winning the lottery once?你知道赢得一次彩票的几率多大吗?
adj.感激,感谢
- I have expressed the depth of my gratitude to him.我向他表示了深切的谢意。
- She could not help her tears of gratitude rolling down her face.她感激的泪珠禁不住沿着面颊流了下来。
n.大度,慷慨,慷慨的行为
- We should match their generosity with our own.我们应该像他们一样慷慨大方。
- We adore them for their generosity.我们钦佩他们的慷慨。
v.估计过高,过高评价
- Don't overestimate seriousness of the problem.别把问题看重了。
- We overestimate our influence and our nuisance value.我们过高地估计了自己的影响力和破坏作用。
n.定量(pl.)给养,口粮;vt.定量供应
- The country cut the bread ration last year.那个国家去年削减面包配给量。
- We have to ration the water.我们必须限量用水。
n.尊敬,尊重;vt.尊重,敬重;把…看作
- I did not esteem him to be worthy of trust.我认为他不值得信赖。
- The veteran worker ranks high in public love and esteem.那位老工人深受大伙的爱戴。
v.猛打,重击,打击( smite的过去式 )
- Figuratively, he could not kiss the hand that smote him. 打个比方说,他是不能认敌为友。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
- \"Whom Pearl smote down and uprooted, most unmercifully.\" 珠儿会毫不留情地将这些\"儿童\"踩倒,再连根拔起。 来自英汉 - 翻译样例 - 文学