时间:2019-02-04 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

   钱钟书是我国博通古今中外的大学问家、作家。学术巨著《管锥篇》博大精深;长篇小说《围城》脍炙人口。他还是《毛泽东选集》英译本定稿人。为了使读者进一步欣赏钱钟书的英语文采,现把钱钟书给林书武的三封英语信刊登出来,并加汉译。同时,做些必要的注解方便各位:


  第一封信
  My Dear Shu-Wu[1],             May 14
  Your letter gives me a joyful 1 surprise[2]. Your English is astonishingly good. This is not "flannel 2" or "butter"[3] but my sincere opinion (my hand upon my heart!). The idea found from your version of Chairman's statement is, to say the least, quite unjust[4]. Perhaps your hand is recovering some of its old cunning momentarily lost through long lack of practice[5]. At any rate, it would be a pity-nay, a sin, a crime[6]-to let your[7] English get rusty 3 and become finally unserviceable。
  Yours in haste
  By a slip of pen, you wrote "allocation" instead of "Collocation". This is a mere 4 peccadillo 5. Don't let meticulousness 6 about such trifles cramp 7 your style。
  参考译文:
  书武:
  看了来信,又惊又喜。你的英语之好,出人意外。这不是兜圈子的奉承话,而是真诚的意见(我手按在胸前发誓!)。你以前翻译主席文章的段落,我看了以后有些想法。现在看来,那些想法至少是很不公正的。你长期以来缺乏实践,一时失去原有的灵巧手法,也许逐渐得到恢复。不管怎么样,让你的英语生锈,最终变得无法利用,那是件憾事——不,是罪过,是犯罪。
  钱钟书匆匆
  5月14日
  又及,由于笔误,你把collocation写成allocation。这只是一个小错。别把这些小事看得过重,变得谨小慎微,妨碍你写作方式的完善。
  注解:
  [1] My Dear…是英语书信的一种格式,并不非译出来不可。这里可译作:书武。林书武当时是中国社会科学院语言研究所研究人员。1970年冬,下放河南息县劳动锻炼,在那段时间跟钱钟书有过一段交往。此信写于1971年5月。
  [2] a joyful surprise: 又惊又喜。英语的短语,译成汉语时往往变成动词短语。
  [3] flannel: 花言巧语。此信中用双引号有两处。第一处有“所谓的”的意思,注8为第二处,意指原词。
  [4] 这是一个复杂句,但并不难分析。要说的是"to say the least"是个插入语;英语句子常用插入语。例如: Your composition, to put it bluntly, is ill written. 你的作文,坦率地说,写得很不好。
  [5]momentarily lost修饰cunning; through long lack of practice, 这里又是名词短语变作译文中动词短语的例子。
  [6] sin和crime几乎是同义词。这里连用,旨在加强语气。
  [7] 词底下划一横线,表强调之意。
  第二封信
  My Dear Lin[1],                May 2
  Excuse this belated reply to your very kind May Day greetings. It’s almost literally 8 "a day after the fair". What with fixing the mosquito net, queuing for sweets at the co-op store, fetching and distributing letters, and the thousand and one odds 9 and ends which eat away one's time, the red letter day was over before I know where I was[3]. Well[4], here go my best wishes in which my wife joins. Your letter makes me ashamed. I feel guilty like a swindler who has won your "gratitude 10" without doing anything to earn it. Your characteristic generosity 11 has led you to overestimate 12 the aids to study I gave. Yes, vocabulary is important. Pedagogues 13 used to distinguish a pupil's active... or[5] writing and speaking vocabulary. As you know, the latter is far more extensive than the former. How to turn the supinely passive into the nimbly active-- that's the big problem[6]. However, enough of shop talk. Tomorrow to the battle and more power to your elbow![7]
  Yours Sincerely
  参考译文:
  林:
  5月1日承蒙来信祝贺节日,迟复为歉。称之为“集市后的一天”,此语非虚。安蚊帐,在合作社小店排队买糖果,往邮局取信,回来分发,以及忙乎耗费时间的没完没了的琐事,不知不觉中纪念日已经过去了。在此,我和妻子向你致以最良好的祝愿。你的来信,使我感到惭愧。我像个骗子,没干什么就获得了你的感谢,这使我感到内疚。我对你的学习,帮助甚少,你特有的忠厚,使你过誉了这种帮助。是的,词汇是重要的。教师通常把词汇分为积极的和消极的词汇,前者为写和说的词汇,后者为阅读的词汇。正如你所知道的,学生的词汇中,后者远比前者多得多。如何把呆板的消极词汇变成灵活的积极词汇,这是个大问题。但有关行内的议论,就说这么多吧。明天就要投入战斗了,加油干!
  钱钟书谨上
  5月2日
  注解:
  [1] 此信写于1972年5月2日,距上封信近一年。
  [2] Excuse my late arrival, 或Excuse me for coming late都可以说,但中国学生似乎更喜欢采用后一个句型。所以信中说Excuse this belated reply更显得新颖。
  [3] 这是一个复杂句。Thousand and one odds and ends, 极言琐事繁多。Red letter day: 日历上节日、纪念日都是用红色字体印,故称。这个句子定是神来之笔,百读不厌。
  [4] Well是个多义词。作为感叹词,也可以表达多种意思,不能一律译作“嗳”、“嗯”、“啊”。这里信中用来改变话题。
  [5] Or除了常见的“或者”义之外,这里是“等于”、“即”的意思(注:此处原文有删减)。
  [6] How to.。。是个话题,that是主话。这样的写法突出重点,又很生动。
  [7] 两句都是不完全句。前一个常用,如快下课时说,Enough for the time being(暂时就谈这么多), So much for today(今天就讲这么多)。后一个是口号式句,简洁有力。
  第三封信
  My Dear Lin[1],
  I am deeply grateful, but I have smiting 14 of conscience[2]. As you know, I have my own ration 15 of sugar, and I must not deprive you of yours[3]. As to the tidbits, a healthy young man has more need of them to stay his hunger[4] between the meals--much more than an old man does. So I am returning them with heartfelt thanks--accompanied with a little token of esteem 16[5]. The latest Number of Broadsheet is worth glancing at.[6]
  Your thankfully
  参考译文:
  林:
  很感谢你,但我深感不安。正如你知道的,白糖,我有自己的定量,我不应该取你的。至于那些精美的点心,健康的小伙子比老人更加迫切需要,以便在两顿饭之间充饥。所以我怀着衷心的谢意把糖和点心还给你,同时附上一些英文报纸杂志,聊表敬意。最近一期的Broadsheet(报纸)值得一看。
  钱钟书 谨上
  注解:
  [1] 这封信没署日期。大概写于1972年钱钟书杨绛离开河南明港,提前返回北京的几个月前。信中提到“白糖”、“点心”等话,指的是林书武为了感谢钱钟书赠送英语书报,对林书武学习上的指导,送给钱钟书的东西。
  [2] smite和conscience搭配,是地道的英语,如:His conscience smote 17 him. 他受到了良习的谴责。也可以说成: He had smiting of conscience。
  [3] to deprive you of yours 夺取你的东西,不能说成to deprive yours. 同类动词还有一些,例如rob. Those barking of a dog robbed me of my sleep. 狗吠了又吠,弄得我无法入睡。
  [4] to stay ones hunger是地道的英语,学生往往想不到这种用法。“充饥”不要说成to fill ones hunger, 要采用这里的说法。
  [5] a little token of esteem 当时钱钟书还送给林书武一些英文报纸杂志。
  [6] to be worth 接动词的ing形式,表示值得做……,这里的is worth glancing at, 值得一看。注意:跟to be worthy 18的差别: to be worthy of something 应该得到某事物;to be worthy to do sth 应该做某事。
  总的来说,钱钟书这三封英语信,是珍贵的学习资料。除了其思想内容之外,单从英语写作技巧来说,就有许多值得学习的地方。以下仅提出两点:
  1、这三封信句法变化丰富,相邻的两句句型绝不相同。简单句,复杂句,定语从句,非完全句,等等,变化多端,多有神来之笔。钱钟书的英文信,富有灵气。
  2、用词特点之一是多用近义词,如flannel和butter; sin 和crime; 词的搭配很地道,如“充饥”,“值得一看”等等的英语表达式,都是不可替换的。

adj.欢乐的,令人欢欣的
  • She was joyful of her good result of the scientific experiments.她为自己的科学实验取得好成果而高兴。
  • They were singing and dancing to celebrate this joyful occasion.他们唱着、跳着庆祝这令人欢乐的时刻。
n.法兰绒;法兰绒衣服
  • She always wears a grey flannel trousers.她总是穿一条灰色法兰绒长裤。
  • She was looking luscious in a flannel shirt.她穿着法兰绒裙子,看上去楚楚动人。
adj.生锈的;锈色的;荒废了的
  • The lock on the door is rusty and won't open.门上的锁锈住了。
  • I haven't practiced my French for months and it's getting rusty.几个月不用,我的法语又荒疏了。
adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过
  • That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。
  • It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。
n.轻罪,小过失
  • For this peccadillo he was demoted and sent back to pound the beat.由于这次过失,他被降了级,又被打发去干徒步巡警了。
  • A fine of £5000 is swinging for such a peccadillo.这样的一个小过失,罚款5000英镑太多了吧。
谨小慎微
  • ICD 10 is characterized by its newness, comprehensiveness and meticulousness. ICD?10 的主要特点是新、全、细。 来自互联网
  • The distinct grill cooking, typifies the health-consciousness, meticulousness and artistry of classic French food. 铁板烧以其独特的烹饪手法,更能体现出法式料理崇尚科学健康搭配,追求精雕细琢、术美感的风格。 来自互联网
n.痉挛;[pl.](腹)绞痛;vt.限制,束缚
  • Winston stopped writing,partly because he was suffering from cramp.温斯顿驻了笔,手指也写麻了。
  • The swimmer was seized with a cramp and had to be helped out of the water.那个在游泳的人突然抽起筋来,让别人帮着上了岸。
adv.照字面意义,逐字地;确实
  • He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
  • Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候,她不走到真正要昏厥了,决不肯坐下来。
n.让步,机率,可能性,比率;胜败优劣之别
  • The odds are 5 to 1 that she will win.她获胜的机会是五比一。
  • Do you know the odds of winning the lottery once?你知道赢得一次彩票的几率多大吗?
adj.感激,感谢
  • I have expressed the depth of my gratitude to him.我向他表示了深切的谢意。
  • She could not help her tears of gratitude rolling down her face.她感激的泪珠禁不住沿着面颊流了下来。
n.大度,慷慨,慷慨的行为
  • We should match their generosity with our own.我们应该像他们一样慷慨大方。
  • We adore them for their generosity.我们钦佩他们的慷慨。
v.估计过高,过高评价
  • Don't overestimate seriousness of the problem.别把问题看重了。
  • We overestimate our influence and our nuisance value.我们过高地估计了自己的影响力和破坏作用。
n.教师,卖弄学问的教师( pedagogue的名词复数 )
v.猛打,重击,打击( smite的现在分词 )
  • He set to smiting and overthrowing. 他马上就动手殴打和破坏。 来自辞典例句
n.定量(pl.)给养,口粮;vt.定量供应
  • The country cut the bread ration last year.那个国家去年削减面包配给量。
  • We have to ration the water.我们必须限量用水。
n.尊敬,尊重;vt.尊重,敬重;把…看作
  • I did not esteem him to be worthy of trust.我认为他不值得信赖。
  • The veteran worker ranks high in public love and esteem.那位老工人深受大伙的爱戴。
v.猛打,重击,打击( smite的过去式 )
  • Figuratively, he could not kiss the hand that smote him. 打个比方说,他是不能认敌为友。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
  • \"Whom Pearl smote down and uprooted, most unmercifully.\" 珠儿会毫不留情地将这些\"儿童\"踩倒,再连根拔起。 来自英汉 - 翻译样例 - 文学
adj.(of)值得的,配得上的;有价值的
  • I did not esteem him to be worthy of trust.我认为他不值得信赖。
  • There occurred nothing that was worthy to be mentioned.没有值得一提的事发生。
标签: 翻译 英文信函
学英语单词
aeroplane characteristic
ainas
air-cooled rotor
angular clearance
apparent area of friction plate
Aracruz
beam lobe switching
bicipitoradial bursa
big tree transplanting
bog rolls
boiling-out
boyl
bursting strength
Burtigny
by reason of the fair eyes of someone
canttell
carbon capture and sequestration
carradines
carved and filled in
cerous compound
charterparties
Chaňi, Nev.de
closure moment
cloud-gas cylinder
cockteases
coded area
color facsimile
come off it
community ecosystem
company of limited liability
contemporary scientific management
continuous coil
contrafluxtion
corneal tattooing
decoding compressed data
dimethoxy neotetrazlium
dollarmania
elation-anxiety psychosis
elfhood
Eskimo kisses
expected consumption
failed areas
frle
hibernotherapy
hither and yon
homomangiferin
honor class
House of lord
hybrid reactor
irreligionist
Knoop hardness penetrator
La Plaza
lagged pipe
law-suits
leak tight system
lemlem
linescores
lobe
martyrss of al-aqsa
microtunnel
mixed cycle
moragani's syndrome
Mussaenda macrophylla
mvc
necessitively
orange chromide
pentecosties
pogroms
polyphalangism
porousfree
primary addisonism
problematic situation
projection pursuit method
rami bronchiales
refragmented
Reimer's reflex
road show
s license
saignon
salomo
scalping-knife
seasonally adjusted time series
serve an apprenticeship
shoot through like a Bondi tram
siphonophore
stark ladders
starred level
static rejuvenation
stirrup trap
subandio
the east side
three node vibration
tongue filler
two-fisted
type of function
v3 certificate
viola bisseti maxim.
welding force
Wethersfield
what - if analysis
Woolsington Airport
zinc family elements