英语构词法（16）-单词构词法
时间：2019-02-04 作者：英语课 分类：英文语法词汇
英语构词法（16）-单词构词法
PASS.PATH
feel,suffer
感觉,苦痛
字根 pass,path 源出希腊文名词 pathe, 和拉丁文名词 passio,有 [感觉,感情, 伤痛] 之意. 这个字根还有一种拼法 pat, 例如: compatibla. [相容的], incompatible 1 a. [相处不融洽的], patient a. [坚忍的],impatient a. [不 耐烦的],这些单字均借自法文,因此 pat 的拼法乃受法文影响的结果. 其他如: passive a. [消极,顺从的]. passive 源 出拉丁文形容词 passivus,原为 [可受痛 苦的],引申而成 [消极,顺从的].
antipathetic 引起憎恶的
antipathy 2 憎恶,反感
apathetic 3 缺乏兴趣,冷淡的
apathy 4 缺乏情感,冷淡
compassion 5 同情,怜悯
compassionate 6 有同情心的
compatible 相容,一致的
empathy 神入
impatient 不能忍受,不耐烦的
incompatible 不能和谐共存,不调和的
passion 热情,爱好
passionate 7 热情,热烈的
passive 消极,被动的
pathetic 令人感伤,可怜的
pathos 8 动人哀感之性质
patient 坚忍的,病人
sumpathetic 同情的
sympathize 同情
sympathy 同情,怜悯
PED
foot
脚
字根 ped 源自拉丁文名词 pes [脚] 的复 数变化 pedis 和其字根的变化,例如: expedite v. [促进],expeditious 9 a. [迅 速的],impede 10 v. [妨碍],这些字均出自 拉丁文的 expedire,expeditus,impedire . 除了 ped 字根形态,另可拼作 pod 和 pus,例如: pedometer n. [记步器], quadruped a. [四足兽的],centipede n. [蜈蚣],tripod n. [三脚架],prodium n. [讲台,指挥台] 等,均源自於拉丁文,希 腊文,属於比较罕见难记的字.
expediency 11 权宜,利害
expedient 12 得当,便利的
expedite 使加速
expedition 迅速(的行动),探险
expeditious 迅速的
impede 阻碍
impediment 阻碍
peddle 13 贩卖,沿街叫卖
pedestal 底座,基础
pedestrian 行人
PEL.PULS
drive,push
推动,冲撞
字根 pel,puls 源出拉丁文动词 pellere, 原有 [推动,冲撞]之意; 其中 puls 的拼 法乃出自 pellere 的过去分词 pulsus, 原在拉丁文已视作字根. 除 pel,puls 两种 拼法外,另可拼作 peal,例如: appeal v. [哀求,引起兴趣] 和 repeal 14 v. [撤销, 废止].
appeal 哀求,求助,引起兴趣,恳求,吸引力
compel 迫使,强迫
compulsion 强迫,强制
compulsory 15 强制,强迫的
dispel 16 劫除,驱散
expel 驱逐,逐出
expulse 逐出,驱逐
expulsion 逐出,驱逐
impel 17 驱使,逼迫
impulse 刺激,推动力
impulsive 18 易冲动的
propel 推动,驱策
propulsion 推进
pulsate 19 悸动,跳动
pulse 跳动
repeal 撤销,废止
repel 20 逐退,拒绝,使不愉快,使憎恶
repulse 21 击退,拒绝
repulsive 22 冷淡,排斥的,使人厌恶的
PEND.PENS.POND
hang,weigh,pay,consider
悬挂,重量,偿付,思量
字根 pend,pens,pond 源出拉丁文 pendere v. [悬挂,(有)重量],pendere v. [衡量,偿付],pondus n. [重量,权威 ] 及 ponderare v. [衡量,思考]. 这个字 根的拼法还有一种变体 poise 23,是源自古法 文 pois n. [量],但最早仍源自拉丁文, 如: poise n. [使平衡,使安定], counterpoise v. [使保持平衡]. 另外像 append v. [附加],appendix n. [附属物, 附录],是这个字根中语义衍变比较特别的 例子. append 字首 ap 有 to 之意,[悬加 於某物之上],而成了 [附加]. appendix 则源出 append,复数可作appendixes,也 可作 appendices.
append 附加
appendix 附属物,补遗
compendious 24 简洁的
compendium 25 摘要
compensate 26 抵补,补偿,赔偿,报酬
counterpoise 使平衡,使均衡
depend 依赖
dependence 27 依赖,信赖
dispense 28 分与,分配,免除,赦免
expend 29 花费
expenditure 30 开支,消费
expense 消费,费用,牺牲,损失
expensive 昂贵的
impend 32 迫近
impending 33 迫近的
indispensable 绝对必要的
pendant 垂饰
pendent 悬垂的
pending 34 未决定,待解决的
pendulous 35 悬垂,下垂的
pension 津贴,恩俸
pensive 31 哀思,沈思的
perpendicular 36 垂直的
poise 平衡,镇静,泰然自若,宁静
ponder 沈思
ponderous 37 沈重,笨重的
prepense 预谋的
preponderant 占优势的
preponderate 38 占优势
propensity 39 倾向
recompense 赔偿,报答
spend 花用,耗费
suspend 悬挂,吊,停止
suspense 40 悬而未决,中止,焦虑,悬念
PLIC.PLEX.PLY 41
fold,weave
摺叠,编结
字根 plic,plex,ply 源出拉丁文动词 plicare [摺叠,编结] 和名词 plexus [编 织,辫结] ; ply 则受过古法文影响. 这个 字除了三种拼法,另有四种较为少见:(1) ploy,ploit,(2) ple,(3) play,(4) plo. 前三种源自古法文,plo则借自希腊文. 英 文中 fold 除了名词,动词可作 [摺叠] 外 ,当字尾 (suffix) 使用时,成为 [倍数] 之意,如: twofold a. [两倍的], threefold a. [三倍的] 等. 由倍数意义组 成单字有: duplicate v. [双重的], duplicity n. [有二心],triple a. [三重 的],triplicate a. [一式三份的文件之一 ],quadruple a. [四倍的],multiple a. [多数的] 等.
accomplice 42 同谋者
appliance 用具,器具
applicable 适用,适宜的
apply 应用,引用,申请,请求
complex 复杂,错综的
complexion 43 皮肤,形势,外观
complicate 44 使复杂
complicated 复杂的
complicity 共谋,串通
deploy 45 散开,部署,展开
doploma 毕业证书,证书
diplomacy 46 外交
display 展开,展览,展示,展览,表现
duplicate 复制,复制品,副本,相同的
duplicity 重复,双重性
employ 使用,雇用
explicate 解说,说明
explicit 47 明确的
exploit 运用,利用,剥削,功迹
implicate 48 暗示
implicit 49 暗含的,绝对,毫不怀疑的
imply 暗示,意含
multiple 多数,多样的
multiply 增加
perplex 使困惑,使困窘
pliable 50 柔软的,柔顺的
pliant 51 易曲,柔软的,柔顺,顺从的
ply 层,经营,使用,强求,追问
quadruple 四倍的
replica 52 复制品
replicate 53 复制,重复
replication 复制品
reply 答覆,回答
simple 朴实的,天真烂漫的
simpleton 愚人
simplify 简化
supple 54 柔软,易曲的,柔顺,顺从的
suppliant 55 哀恳的
supplicate 56 恳求
triple 使成三倍,三重的
triplicate 一式三份(的文件)之第三份的
PON.POS.POUND
place,put
安置,寄放
pon 的拼法出自拉丁文动词 ponere [安置, 寄放],pos 出自其过去简单式 posui 和过 去分词 positus (或作postus), 而 pound 则是中古英文时期的变体,是重要的字根. 例如: apposite a. [适当的] 源出拉丁文 动词 adponere 的过去分词 appositus,字 首 ad 或 ap 有 to 的意思,原意为 [置於 一旁],并列的事物彼此比较能配合,因此 拉丁文的 appositus 转成形容词之后,又 引申出 [适当的] 的意思. positive a. [明确的,实在的] 源自拉丁文,原有 ?以 协定)决定的] 之意,后来引申便成 [确实, 实在的].
apposite 适当的
component 组成的,成分,构成要素
compose 组成,撰写,使镇定,使安静
composite 混合成的
compost 混合物
compound 组成,构成,混合物
depose 革职,废(王位)
deposit 放下,置下,沉淀(物)
dispose 部署,排列,去除,放弃
disposition 布置,部署,倾向
exponent 解释者,说明者
expose 使暴露於,展示,揭穿
exposition 展览(会),陈列,说明,解释
expound 陈述
- His plan is incompatible with my intent.他的计划与我的意图不相符。
- Speed and safety are not necessarily incompatible.速度和安全未必不相容。
- I feel an antipathy against their behaviour.我对他们的行为很反感。
- Some people have an antipathy to cats.有的人讨厌猫。
- I realised I was becoming increasingly depressed and apathetic.我意识到自己越来越消沉、越来越冷漠了。
- You won't succeed if you are apathetic.要是你冷淡，你就不能成功。
- He was sunk in apathy after his failure.他失败后心恢意冷。
- She heard the story with apathy.她听了这个故事无动于衷。
- He could not help having compassion for the poor creature.他情不自禁地怜悯起那个可怜的人来。
- Her heart was filled with compassion for the motherless children.她对于没有母亲的孩子们充满了怜悯心。
- She is a compassionate person.她是一个有同情心的人。
- The compassionate judge gave the young offender a light sentence.慈悲的法官从轻判处了那个年轻罪犯。
- He is said to be the most passionate man.据说他是最有激情的人。
- He is very passionate about the project.他对那个项目非常热心。
- The pathos of the situation brought tears to our eyes.情况令人怜悯，看得我们不禁流泪。
- There is abundant pathos in her words.她的话里富有动人哀怜的力量。
- They are almost as expeditious and effectual as Aladdin's lamp.他们几乎像如意神灯那么迅速有效。
- It is more convenien,expeditious and economical than telephone or telegram.它比电话或电报更方便、迅速和经济。
- One shouldn't impede other's progress.一个人不应该妨碍他人进步。
- The muddy roads impede our journey.我们的旅游被泥泞的道路阻挠了。
- The government is torn between principle and expediency. 政府在原则与权宜之间难于抉择。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- It was difficult to strike the right balance between justice and expediency. 在公正与私利之间很难两全。 来自辞典例句
- The government found it expedient to relax censorship a little.政府发现略微放宽审查是可取的。
- Every kind of expedient was devised by our friends.我们的朋友想出了各种各样的应急办法。
- She loves to peddle gossip round the village.她喜欢在村里到处说闲话。
- Street vendors peddle their goods along the sidewalk.街头摊贩沿著人行道兜售他们的商品。
- He plans to repeal a number of current policies.他计划废除一些当前的政策。
- He has made out a strong case for the repeal of the law.他提出强有力的理由，赞成废除该法令。
- Is English a compulsory subject?英语是必修课吗？
- Compulsory schooling ends at sixteen.义务教育至16岁为止。
- I tried in vain to dispel her misgivings.我试图消除她的疑虑，但没有成功。
- We hope the programme will dispel certain misconceptions about the disease.我们希望这个节目能消除对这种疾病的一些误解。
- Financial pressures impel the firm to cut back on spending.财政压力迫使公司减少开支。
- The progress in science and technical will powerfully impel the education's development.科学和技术的进步将有力地推动教育的发展。
- She is impulsive in her actions.她的行为常出于冲动。
- He was neither an impulsive nor an emotional man,but a very honest and sincere one.他不是个一冲动就鲁莽行事的人，也不多愁善感.他为人十分正直、诚恳。
- Hues of purplish,rose and amber begin to pulsate in the sky.淡紫色的、玫瑰色的和琥珀色的色调开始在天空中微微颤动起来。
- Building facades pulsate with millions of lights and glowing neon display.在千万灯光和霓虹灯的照耀下，建筑物的外墙规律地闪动着。
- A country must have the will to repel any invader.一个国家得有决心击退任何入侵者。
- Particles with similar electric charges repel each other.电荷同性的分子互相排斥。
- The armed forces were prepared to repulse any attacks.武装部队已作好击退任何进攻的准备。
- After the second repulse,the enemy surrendered.在第二次击退之后，敌人投降了。
- She found the idea deeply repulsive.她发现这个想法很恶心。
- The repulsive force within the nucleus is enormous.核子内部的斥力是巨大的。
- She hesitated briefly but quickly regained her poise.她犹豫片刻，但很快恢复了镇静。
- Ballet classes are important for poise and grace.芭蕾课对培养优雅的姿仪非常重要。
- At the end,a compendious sum-up and an expectation were brought out.最后对全文进行了扼要的总结，并提出展望。
- He made compendious introduction to the aluminum foil industry of Germany and France.他对德国与法国的铝箔工业作了扼要的介绍。
- The Compendium of Materia Medica has been held in high esteem since it was first published.“本草纲目”问世之后，深受人们的推重。
- The book is a compendium of their poetry,religion and philosophy.这本书是他们诗歌、宗教和哲学的概略。
- She used her good looks to compensate her lack of intelligence. 她利用她漂亮的外表来弥补智力的不足。
- Nothing can compensate for the loss of one's health. 一个人失去了键康是不可弥补的。
- Doctors keep trying to break her dependence of the drug.医生们尽力使她戒除毒瘾。
- He was freed from financial dependence on his parents.他在经济上摆脱了对父母的依赖。
- Let us dispense the food.咱们来分发这食物。
- The charity has been given a large sum of money to dispense as it sees fit.这个慈善机构获得一大笔钱，可自行适当分配。
- Don't expend all your time on such a useless job.不要把时间消耗在这种无用的工作上。
- They expend all their strength in trying to climb out.他们费尽全力想爬出来。
- The entry of all expenditure is necessary.有必要把一切开支入账。
- The monthly expenditure of our family is four hundred dollars altogether.我们一家的开销每月共计四百元。
- He looked suddenly sombre,pensive.他突然看起来很阴郁，一副忧虑的样子。
- He became so pensive that she didn't like to break into his thought.他陷入沉思之中,她不想打断他的思路。
- Crucial events impend in Europe.欧洲即将发生具有决定意义的事变。
- This very recklessness makes me feel that these costly operations may be only the prelude to far larger events which impend on land.这种孤注一掷的作法，使我感到这些代价重大的战役，也许正是陆上即将发生远为。
- Against a background of impending famine, heavy fighting took place. 即将发生饥荒之时，严重的战乱爆发了。
- The king convoke parliament to cope with the impending danger. 国王召开国会以应付迫近眉睫的危险。
- The lawsuit is still pending in the state court.这案子仍在州法庭等待定夺。
- He knew my examination was pending.他知道我就要考试了。
- The oriole builds a pendulous nest.金莺鸟筑一个悬垂的巢。
- Her lip grew pendulous as she aged.由于老迈，她的嘴唇往下坠了。
- The two lines of bones are set perpendicular to one another.这两排骨头相互垂直。
- The wall is out of the perpendicular.这墙有些倾斜。
- His steps were heavy and ponderous.他的步伐沉重缓慢。
- It was easy to underestimate him because of his occasionally ponderous manner.由于他偶尔现出的沉闷的姿态，很容易使人小看了他。
- Christians preponderate in the population of that part of the country.基督教徒在该国那一地区的人口中居多。
- Oaks and maples preponderate in our woods.在我们的森林中，橡树与枫树占多数。
- He has a propensity for drinking too much alcohol.他有酗酒的倾向。
- She hasn't reckoned on his propensity for violence.她不曾料到他有暴力倾向。
- The suspense was unbearable.这样提心吊胆的状况实在叫人受不了。
- The director used ingenious devices to keep the audience in suspense.导演用巧妙手法引起观众的悬念。
- Taxis licensed to ply for hire at the railway station.许可计程车在火车站候客。
- Ferryboats ply across the English Channel.渡船定期往返于英吉利海峡。
- She was her husband's accomplice in murdering a rich old man.她是她丈夫谋杀一个老富翁的帮凶。
- He is suspected as an accomplice of the murder.他涉嫌为这次凶杀案的同谋。
- Red does not suit with her complexion.红色与她的肤色不协调。
- Her resignation puts a different complexion on things.她一辞职局面就全变了。
- There is no need to complicate matters.没有必要使问题复杂化。
- These events will greatly complicate the situation.这些事件将使局势变得极其复杂。
- The infantry began to deploy at dawn.步兵黎明时开始进入战斗位置。
- The president said he had no intention of deploying ground troops.总统称并不打算部署地面部队。
- The talks have now gone into a stage of quiet diplomacy.会谈现在已经进入了“温和外交”阶段。
- This was done through the skill in diplomacy. 这是通过外交手腕才做到的。
- She was quite explicit about why she left.她对自己离去的原因直言不讳。
- He avoids the explicit answer to us.他避免给我们明确的回答。
- He didn't find anything in the notebooks to implicate Stu.他在笔记本中没发现任何涉及斯图的东西。
- I do not want to implicate you in my problem of the job.我工作上的问题不想把你也牵扯进来。
- A soldier must give implicit obedience to his officers. 士兵必须绝对服从他的长官。
- Her silence gave implicit consent. 她的沉默表示默许。
- Willow twigs are pliable.柳条很软。
- The finely twined baskets are made with young,pliable spruce roots.这些编织精美的篮子是用柔韧的云杉嫩树根编成的。
- She's proud and stubborn,you know,under that pliant exterior.你要知道，在温顺的外表下，她既自傲又固执。
- They weave a basket out of osiers with pliant young willows.他们用易弯的柳枝编制篮子。
- The original conservatory has been rebuilt in replica.温室已按原样重建。
- The young artist made a replica of the famous painting.这位年轻的画家临摹了这幅著名的作品。
- The DNA of chromatin must replicate before cell division.染色质DNA在细胞分裂之前必须复制。
- It is also easy to replicate,as the next subsection explains.就像下一个小节详细说明的那样，它还可以被轻易的复制。
- She gets along well with people because of her supple nature.她与大家相处很好，因为她的天性柔和。
- He admired the graceful and supple movements of the dancers.他赞扬了舞蹈演员优雅灵巧的舞姿。
- He asked for help in a suppliant attitude.他以恳求的态度要我帮忙。
- He knelt as a suppliant at the altar.他跪在祭坛前祈祷。
- She supplicated the judge for protection.她恳求法官保护。
- I do not supplicate to women because they find it unattractive.我不会向女人恳求，因为那吸引不了她们。