时间:2019-02-03 作者:英语课 分类:美国习惯用语


英语课

今天我们要讲的习惯用语里都有一个主要的单词:scratch。很多人都知道scratch这个词的意思是抓、或者刨刮表面。你要是给蚊子叮了一口,你就会这样做:scratch your skin with your fingernails。就是你会用指甲去抓痒。也许不少人都知道这句很有意思的俗语:You scratch my back and I'll scratch yours. 这句话直译就是:你给我搔背,我也为你抓痒痒。它风趣地表达了彼此帮忙、相互捧场的意思。Scratch在这里都当动词用,但是它也可以作名词,而且有新的含意。


一百多年前人们在赛前用棍子在泥沙跑道上划出一条直线,运动员就从这儿起步,所以scratch可以解释“起跑线”。我们今天要学的第一个习惯用语,就有这个名词。Start from scratch,也许很多人听了这个短语会想:它的意思不就是“从起跑线开始”吗?你先别忙下结论。我们先来听下面这段话,说的是鼎鼎大名的肯德基炸鸡店的发迹。你知道“肯德基炸鸡店”英文怎么说吗?Kentucky Fried 1 Chicken。好,我们来听这段话。请注意start from scratch这个短语的含义。


例句-1: He started from scratch with a small chicken restaurant down south. But he worked hard, had some luck and now Kentucky Fried Chicken is sold around the world.


它说的是“肯德基炸鸡店”的创办人白手起家,从南方的一家路边小餐馆做起。他既勤奋又有运气,发展成今天行销全球的肯德基炸鸡。


一定有不少听众朋友已经明白不能从字面意义来理解scratch这个词在start from scratch这个习惯用语里意思。整个短语的意思是“从零开始”,“白手起家”。


******


我们要学的第二个习惯用语是:up to scratch。Up to scratch,这个习惯用语也和运动有关。在拳击赛中,scratch指裁判在拳击场中间划的界线,根据以前的规则,如果一个拳击手被击倒在地,他必须在38秒内站起来、回到这条界线上并能继续搏斗,否则就认输。所以up to scratch意味着这个选手处于良好竞技状态。


我想听众朋友一定明白up to scratch这个习惯用语虽然来自拳击赛,却也被广泛应用到其它方面。我们来听听下面这段话。这是牛仔裤工厂的经理和他购买布料的纺织厂在通话。请你边听边体会up to scratch这个习惯用语的含义。


例句2: Sorry but that cloth you sent us isn't up to scratch. It's too thin and the color is too dark. We can't use it so I'm shipping 2 it back.


那位经理批评那批布料太薄,颜色又太深,质量够不上标准,不合用,所以要退货。可见up to scratch有合乎标准、合格的意思。


******


现在我们来讲scratch这个词的第三种用法。这回scratch意思完全不同。近五十年来人们给“钱”取了个绰号,就是scratch。这在日常会话中很普遍。我们一起来听听这段话:


例句3: My wife and I are saving 3 as much as we can - we are trying to get enough scratch to buy a house.


这个人和他的太太尽量节省,为了攒够钱买房子。


******


在我们今天要学的最后一个习惯用语里, scratch回到了它的原意。就是“刨括表面”。这个习惯用语是:scratch the surface. Surface的意思就是“表面”。Scratch the surface这个习惯用语来自农活。你下种如果想得到好收成,就必须深耕细作,而不能刨去一层表土就撒种完事。就是说不能光是scratch the surface。这句话逐渐被应用到日常生活的各种场合。因为它形像地表达了流于表面、不深入的工作。好,我们来听一个例子。这是警方在对记者谈一件轰动一时的谋杀案:


例句4: We don't have much yet because we've just started to scratch the surface. But we are putting more men on the job and we will dig deeper into the facts.


警方说,目前他们掌握的案情不多,但是他们增加了办案人员,将深入探究证据。可见scratch the surface含义是肤浅表面、或者还处于初步阶段、有待深入的工作。

 



adj.油煎的;油炒的
  • I ate everything fried.所有油炸的我都吃。
  • I prefer fried peanuts.我选择炸花生。
n.船运(发货,运输,乘船)
  • We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
  • There's a shipping charge of £5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。
n.节省,节约;[pl.]储蓄金,存款
  • Energy saving is term strategic policy of our country.节约能源是我国长期的战略国策。
  • Old-fashioned housewives were usually very saving.旧时的家庭主妇通常都很节俭。
学英语单词
admittance comparator
alkali spot
Amishness
annoints
basic lead carbonate
bee-flower
Binghamton
Bittorf phenomenon
bone lever
bus coupling
calophya mangiferae
Campo Formoso
cerc-
cetyltriethylammonium bromide
congestive headache
constrictors constrictors
cottone
crackhouse
cracking unit evaporator
cymetery
damage caused by waves
deferred payment letter of credit
demand the assignment of a right
diagonallage
disaffectedly
e waves
ethyldiphenylphosphine
eurohubs
exchange of pow
eyelid forceps
fibrosing adenomatosis
flexible payment
flush type
footcontroller
golden hordes
hand-writings
helminth prevalence
homologous to
hyaloplasm(pfeffer 1877)
hypoblasts
il-
immersion method
in-betweens
insectariums
instructology
iodine disulfide
joint school
Karlee
Kirkstead
knaggie
kneeholes
Kondinin
middle stump
mineral law
moisture as charged
montejo
multibarreled
neps
nonaual
O. Ni
occelli
ochlerotatus (finlaya) watteni
oil damping
on ground of
ortho amide
ossa tigris
parakrithella oblongata
partial processes
pelokonite
perpusillous
pertemps
phenoplast
prairie white-fringed orchids
prospecting hammer
really and truly
red deer(cervus elaphus)
reentry mechanics
remote procedure calls
resource allocation algorithm
rock shachiang
ronaldsway
s.k
salaried staff
saturable choke
seeds visibly weathered or poor in quality
shunt DC machine
sit-in
Slade
subcommissural organ
supersensibly
taret organ
terzas
test of predictive power of a model
test of unusual use
thiocyanoacetates
top aileron
total water solubles
transistor-transistor logic (ttl)
two way lock
ungravelly
Venae anteriores cerebri