有声读物《孙子兵法》第15期:第三章 谋攻(2)
时间：2018-12-04 作者：英语课 分类：精粹英语第一册
英语课
作战篇 NO.2-1：
故上兵伐谋，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。
攻城之法，为不得已。
修橹贲温，具器械，三月而后成；距堙，又三月而后已。
将不胜其忿而蚁附之，杀士卒三分之一，而城不拔者，此攻之灾也。
故善用兵者，屈人之兵而非战也，拔人之城而非攻也，毁人之国而非久也，必以全争于天下，故兵不顿而利可全，此谋攻之法也。
这句啥意思：
所以，上等的军事行动是用谋略挫败敌方的战略意图或战争行为，其次就是用外交战胜敌人，再次是用武力击败敌军，最下之策是攻打敌人的城池。
攻城，是不得已而为之，是没有办法的办法。
制造大盾牌和四轮车，准备攻城的所有器具，起码得三个月。堆筑攻城的土山，起码又得三个月。
如果将领难以拟制焦躁情绪，命令士兵象蚂蚁一样爬墙攻城， 尽管士兵死伤三分之一，而城池却依然没有攻下，这就是攻城带来的灾难。
所以善用兵者，不通过打仗就使敌人屈服，不通过攻城就使敌城投降，摧毁敌国不需长期作战，一定要用“全胜”的策略争胜于天下，从而既不使国力兵力受挫，又获得了全面胜利的利益。这就是谋攻的方法。
英文这么说：
Thus the highest form of generalship is to balk 1 the enemy's plans; the next best is to prevent the junction 2 of the enemy's forces; the next in order is to attack the enemy's army in the field;and the worst policy of all is to besiege 3 walled cities.
The rule is, not to besiege walled cities if it can possibly be avoided.
The preparation of mantlets, movable shelters, and various implements 4 of war, will take up three whole months; and the piling up of mounds 5 over against the walls will take three months more.
The general, unable to control his irritation,will launch his men to the assault like swarming 6 ants,with the result that one-third of his men are slain,while the town still remains 7 untaken. Such are the disastrous 8 effects of a siege.
Therefore the skillful leader subdues 9 the enemy's troops without any fighting; he captures their cities without laying siege to them; he overthrows 10 their kingdom without lengthy 11 operations in the field. With his forces intact he will dispute the mastery of the Empire, and thus, without losing a man, his triumph will be complete. This is the method of attacking by stratagem 12.
《谋攻的方法》
孙子提出了以智谋取肚的四种手段：“上兵伐谋，其次代交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。”他认为，首先应争取以“伐谋”、“伐交”取胜，这是达到全胜的最好手段。所谓“伐谋”，就是打破敌人的战略企图。一种情况是敌人正谋划攻我，我则先伐其谋，制止敌人的进攻。另一种情况是我欲攻敌，敌己有防御打算，我则挫败其防御企图，使敌来不及组织有效的抵抗。所谓“伐交”，就是在外交斗争上战胜敌人。“伐谋”与“伐交”虽有区别，但又是彼此联系的。其次是“伐兵”，在战场上如何争取“全胜”，孙子在以后几篇中分类进行了精辟的论述。孙子认为“其下攻城”，“攻城之法力不得已”。只有不得已才去攻打敌人的城寨，孙子把它列为下策。
1 balk
n.大方木料；v.妨碍；不愿前进或从事某事
- We get strong indications that his agent would balk at that request.我们得到的强烈暗示是他的经纪人会回避那个要求。
- He shored up the wall with a thick balk of wood.他用一根粗大的木头把墙撑住。
2 junction
n.连接，接合；交叉点，接合处，枢纽站
- There's a bridge at the junction of the two rivers.两河的汇合处有座桥。
- You must give way when you come to this junction.你到了这个路口必须让路。
3 besiege
vt.包围，围攻，拥在...周围
- The Afghan air force was using helicopters to supply the besieged town.阿富汗空军正用直升机向被围城镇提供补给。
- She was besieged by the press and the public.她被媒体和公众纠缠不休。
4 implements
n.工具( implement的名词复数 )；家具；手段；[法律]履行（契约等）v.实现( implement的第三人称单数 )；执行；贯彻；使生效
- Primitive man hunted wild animals with crude stone implements. 原始社会的人用粗糙的石器猎取野兽。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
- They ordered quantities of farm implements. 他们订购了大量农具。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
5 mounds
土堆，土丘( mound的名词复数 )； 一大堆
- We had mounds of tasteless rice. 我们有成堆成堆的淡而无味的米饭。
- Ah! and there's the cemetery' - cemetery, he must have meant. 'You see the mounds? 啊，这就是同墓，”——我想他要说的一定是公墓，“看到那些土墩了吗？
6 swarming
密集( swarm的现在分词 )； 云集； 成群地移动； 蜜蜂或其他飞行昆虫成群地飞来飞去
- The sacks of rice were swarming with bugs. 一袋袋的米里长满了虫子。
- The beach is swarming with bathers. 海滩满是海水浴的人。
7 remains
n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹
- He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
- The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
8 disastrous
adj.灾难性的，造成灾害的；极坏的，很糟的
- The heavy rainstorm caused a disastrous flood.暴雨成灾。
- Her investment had disastrous consequences.She lost everything she owned.她的投资结果很惨，血本无归。
9 subdues
征服( subdue的第三人称单数 )； 克制； 制服
- In China postman subdues all wearing green color. 在中国邮递员都穿绿色制服。
- He is the God who avenges me, who subdues nations under me. 这位神、就是那为我伸冤、使众民服在我以下的。
10 overthrows
n.推翻，终止，结束( overthrow的名词复数 )v.打倒，推翻( overthrow的第三人称单数 )；使终止
- Newly-elected French President Charles Louis Bonaparte overthrows the Second Republic. 1851年，新选出来的法国总统查尔斯·路易斯·波拿巴推翻了第二次共和。 来自互联网
- With unexpected innovative elements, the Next Step overthrows your knowledge for percussion! 意想不到的创新元素，颠覆你对打击乐的印象。 来自互联网