有声读物《孙子兵法》第9期:第二章 作战(2)
时间：2018-12-04 作者：英语课 分类：精粹英语第一册
英语课
作战篇 NO.2：
其用战也胜，久则钝兵挫锐，攻城则力屈，久暴师则国用不足。
夫钝兵挫锐，屈力殚货，则诸侯乘其弊而起，虽有智者不能善其后矣。
故兵闻拙速，未睹巧之久也。
夫兵久而国利者，未之有也。
故不尽知用兵之害者，则不能尽知用兵之利也。
这句啥意思：
因此，军队作战就要求速胜，如果拖的很久则军队必然疲惫，挫失锐气。一旦攻城，则兵力将耗尽，长期在外作战还必然导致国家财用不足。
如果军队因久战疲惫不堪，锐气受挫，军事实力耗尽，国内物资枯竭，其他诸侯必定趁火打劫。这样，即使足智多谋之士也无良策来挽救危亡了。
所以，在实际作战中，只听说将领缺少高招难以速胜，却没有见过指挥高明巧于持久作战的。
战争旷日持久而有利于国家的事，从来没有过。
所以，不能详尽地了解用兵的害处，就不能全面地了解用兵的益处。
英文这么说：
When you engage in actual fighting, if victory is long in coming, then men's weapons will grow dull and their ardor 1 will be damped. If you lay siege to a town,you will exhaust your strength.
Again, if the campaign is protracted 2, the resources of the State will not be equal to the strain.Now, when your weapons are dulled, your ardor damped,your strength exhausted 3 and your treasure spent,other chieftains will spring up to take advantage of your extremity 4. Then no man, however wise,will be able to avert 5 the consequences that must ensue.
Thus, though we have heard of stupid haste in war,cleverness has never been seen associated with long delays.
There is no instance of a country having benefited from prolonged warfare 6.
It is only one who is thoroughly 7 acquainted with the evils of war that can thoroughly understand the profitable way of carrying it on.
《从作战篇看》
孙子从"不尽知用兵之害者，则不能尽知用兵之利"这一朴素的辩证法思想出发，着重阐述了在进攻作战中速战速决的战略主张。他说："兵闻拙速，未睹巧之久也。"这话的意思是说，指挥虽拙而求速胜，决不为稳妥而旷日持久。孙子参加的吴军破楚入郢之战，就是这一战略思想绝好的说明。当时如果楚军封锁楚国北部的三关要塞，前后夹击，吴军将处于十分被动的地位。战争由于其概然性和不确实性的程度较大，因此，总是带有一定程度的冒险性的，所以，在当时的条件下孙子主张实行速战速决的战略是有其客观依据的。
1 ardor
n.热情，狂热
- His political ardor led him into many arguments.他的政治狂热使他多次卷入争论中。
- He took up his pursuit with ardor.他满腔热忱地从事工作。
2 protracted
adj.拖延的；延长的v.拖延“protract”的过去式和过去分词
- The war was protracted for four years. 战争拖延了四年。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- We won victory through protracted struggle. 经过长期的斗争，我们取得了胜利。 来自《简明英汉词典》
3 exhausted
adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的
- It was a long haul home and we arrived exhausted.搬运回家的这段路程特别长，到家时我们已筋疲力尽。
- Jenny was exhausted by the hustle of city life.珍妮被城市生活的忙乱弄得筋疲力尽。
4 extremity
n.末端，尽头；尽力；终极；极度
- I hope you will help them in their extremity.我希望你能帮助在穷途末路的他们。
- What shall we do in this extremity?在这种极其困难的情况下我们该怎么办呢？
5 avert
v.防止，避免；转移(目光、注意力等)
- He managed to avert suspicion.他设法避嫌。
- I would do what I could to avert it.我会尽力去避免发生这种情况。
6 warfare
n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突
- He addressed the audience on the subject of atomic warfare.他向听众演讲有关原子战争的问题。
- Their struggle consists mainly in peasant guerrilla warfare.他们的斗争主要是农民游击战。
7 thoroughly
adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地
- The soil must be thoroughly turned over before planting.一定要先把土地深翻一遍再下种。
- The soldiers have been thoroughly instructed in the care of their weapons.士兵们都系统地接受过保护武器的训练。