时间:2018-12-03 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

这一讲我们要谈的话题是:Economic models and markets,经济体系与市场。


一个国家的经济资源包括了土地、劳动力和资本。所有这些资源都是有限度的。投入生产某种产品的资源多,投入其它商品生产的资源相对来讲就少。如何才能合理分配这些资源,换句话说,采取什么样的经济生产模式,就是经济学家面对的基本课题。


目前世界上有三种基本的经济模式。它们是:


1 command or centrally-planned economy 中央计划经济
2 market system or laissez-faire economy 市场自由放任式经济,政府不予干涉
3 mixed economy 混合式经济,即中央计划经济与市场经济的组合


我们再听一遍这三种经济模式的英文:


1 command or centrally-planned economy
2 market system or laissez-faire economy
3 mixed economy


澳大利亚昆士兰州詹姆斯库克大学的经济学教授约翰奎根对这三种基本的经济模式做了简单介绍:


At one extreme you have economists 1 who would like to make virtually all social activity run on the basis of markets. At the other extreme, traditionally you've had a group of economists supporting a largely socialised economy in which most decisions were made by government, possibly using markets in various ways, but still nonetheless essentially 2 making political decisions rather than market decisions.


Between that, you've got the majority of people who support some sort of mixture of the two - what's called a mixed economy.


约翰奎根教授说,在一个极端,有些经济学家希望几乎所有的社会活动都在市场的基础之上进行。在另一个极端,一些经济学家支持主要是社会化的经济体制。在这种体制下,绝大部分的决定都是由政府来作出。尽管也可能会在某些方面利用市场因素,但基本上还是由政府作出政治性而不是市场导向的决定。


在这两者之间,大多数人都支持这两者的某种混合体,也就是我们所说的混合经济。


下面我们再听一遍约翰奎根教授这段谈话的原文。(略)


在约翰奎根教授谈到的这三种基本经济模式中,目前大多数国家都采取第三种混合经济的模式。澳大利亚采取的就是偏向于市场经济的混合经济模式。


那么,什么是市场呢?澳大利亚墨尔本莫纳什大学经济系主任福塞斯教授说:


In all of these markets the essential thing is that we have buyers who are wanting to purchase some goods or services, or perhaps some assets. They might be somewhat intangible assets like shares, or they might be quite tangible 3 ones like cars and refrigerators. And then there are people who are willing to sell. And markets are the system by which their demands to pruchase the goods and the supplies are related, and of course prices are particularly important in determining what the conditions are under which people are trading.


福塞斯教授在他的谈话中使用了这样一些词汇:


1 buyers 买主、买方
2 purchase 购买
3 assets 资产
4 tangible 有形的
5 intangible 无形的
6 determining 决定,确定


下面我们完整听一遍福塞斯教授的谈话。(略)


福塞斯教授说,在所有的市场中,一个基本条件是要有需要购买货物、服务或者资产的买主。他们要买的可能是无形资产如股票,也可能是有形资产如汽车和电冰箱。同时还要有人愿意出售这些东西。市场实际是把有购物需求的买方与卖方联系在一起的一种机制。当然在决定买卖双方的条件时,价格有着特别重要的作用。


下面我们再听一遍福塞斯教授的谈话。


在这一讲中我们简单谈到了三种基本的经济模式:


command or centrally-planned economy 中央计划经济
market system or laissez-faire economy 市场经济
mixed economy 混合式经济,即中央计划经济与市场经济的组合


在结束这一讲之前,我们再复习一下今天节目中出现的其它一些英文词汇:


1 buyers 买主、买方
2 purchase 购买
3 assets 资产
4 tangible 有形的
5 intangible 无形的
6 determining 决定,确定


最后我们再听一遍澳大利亚昆士兰州的奎根教授对三种基本经济模式做的简单介绍。(略)


这次由澳洲广播电台中文部为您制作的金融世界节目到这里就结束了,谢谢您的收听。
 



1 economists
n.经济学家,经济专家( economist的名词复数 )
  • The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
  • Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》
2 essentially
adv.本质上,实质上,基本上
  • Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
  • She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。
3 tangible
adj.有形的,可触摸的,确凿的,实际的
  • The policy has not yet brought any tangible benefits.这项政策还没有带来任何实质性的好处。
  • There is no tangible proof.没有确凿的证据。
学英语单词
Ag1ycone
alternation of wetting and drying
amatorial
as sufayri
ATF3Zip
automated
blanket drying machine
Bradfordian
brotizolam
cadmium (electro)plating
Caulophyllum thalictroides
certification modify date/time
channel realignment
charging bay
clean- legged animal
cobweb model
constant-bearing navigation
conus ione
correas
culturally-appropriate
detachments
detainments
diacetoxydiphenylisatin
discharge of contaminated washing
disregulated
effective Reynolds number
elephantiasic tissue excision and skin grafting
entechment
facig surface
family affection
farmer's blow
fdic-insured
feed water characteristics
forgiveness of liabilities
friendly takeover
full carrier value
fusaricidin
gemmula congener diomedea
generalized regressive model
genus cynodons
genus nyctereutess
grin-and-bear-it
half-landings
happy couple
have ready sale
hoof-marks
hous'hill
hoverccraft
hyperbolic magnetic lens
impulse bahdwidth
in situ testing
intermode beat
intracortical
kantner
kaufer
krasno
lasergene
leptomeningeal
lightning-flash counter
lucinite
martynov
mental impairment
mercerisation
microlepidotous
microprogram emulation
monodactylia
myoelectrically
no cause for alarm
nuge
Oraldene
outside option
partially closed user group
phalanx retractor and elevator
pilot attrition
pinnate muscle
plunder bund
renillid
resurrected fault scarp
reversal of diode
ridgeplates
ripston
Schmidt, Bernhard Voldemar
screw stock
set sb against sb
shunt-peak load impedance
simple-past
sonar hoist set
St-Maurice-de-Lignon
stand to do
stick check
stug
symmetric component
test engine data
translucence(-cy)
tremoctopodids
turning period
unelect
unutterably
virtual conference
want sth done
water spray kiln
Zeti