时间:2018-12-03 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

这一讲我们要谈的话题是:Economic models and markets,经济体系与市场。


一个国家的经济资源包括了土地、劳动力和资本。所有这些资源都是有限度的。投入生产某种产品的资源多,投入其它商品生产的资源相对来讲就少。如何才能合理分配这些资源,换句话说,采取什么样的经济生产模式,就是经济学家面对的基本课题。


目前世界上有三种基本的经济模式。它们是:


1 command or centrally-planned economy 中央计划经济
2 market system or laissez-faire economy 市场自由放任式经济,政府不予干涉
3 mixed economy 混合式经济,即中央计划经济与市场经济的组合


我们再听一遍这三种经济模式的英文:


1 command or centrally-planned economy
2 market system or laissez-faire economy
3 mixed economy


澳大利亚昆士兰州詹姆斯库克大学的经济学教授约翰奎根对这三种基本的经济模式做了简单介绍:


At one extreme you have economists 1 who would like to make virtually all social activity run on the basis of markets. At the other extreme, traditionally you've had a group of economists supporting a largely socialised economy in which most decisions were made by government, possibly using markets in various ways, but still nonetheless essentially 2 making political decisions rather than market decisions.


Between that, you've got the majority of people who support some sort of mixture of the two - what's called a mixed economy.


约翰奎根教授说,在一个极端,有些经济学家希望几乎所有的社会活动都在市场的基础之上进行。在另一个极端,一些经济学家支持主要是社会化的经济体制。在这种体制下,绝大部分的决定都是由政府来作出。尽管也可能会在某些方面利用市场因素,但基本上还是由政府作出政治性而不是市场导向的决定。


在这两者之间,大多数人都支持这两者的某种混合体,也就是我们所说的混合经济。


下面我们再听一遍约翰奎根教授这段谈话的原文。(略)


在约翰奎根教授谈到的这三种基本经济模式中,目前大多数国家都采取第三种混合经济的模式。澳大利亚采取的就是偏向于市场经济的混合经济模式。


那么,什么是市场呢?澳大利亚墨尔本莫纳什大学经济系主任福塞斯教授说:


In all of these markets the essential thing is that we have buyers who are wanting to purchase some goods or services, or perhaps some assets. They might be somewhat intangible assets like shares, or they might be quite tangible 3 ones like cars and refrigerators. And then there are people who are willing to sell. And markets are the system by which their demands to pruchase the goods and the supplies are related, and of course prices are particularly important in determining what the conditions are under which people are trading.


福塞斯教授在他的谈话中使用了这样一些词汇:


1 buyers 买主、买方
2 purchase 购买
3 assets 资产
4 tangible 有形的
5 intangible 无形的
6 determining 决定,确定


下面我们完整听一遍福塞斯教授的谈话。(略)


福塞斯教授说,在所有的市场中,一个基本条件是要有需要购买货物、服务或者资产的买主。他们要买的可能是无形资产如股票,也可能是有形资产如汽车和电冰箱。同时还要有人愿意出售这些东西。市场实际是把有购物需求的买方与卖方联系在一起的一种机制。当然在决定买卖双方的条件时,价格有着特别重要的作用。


下面我们再听一遍福塞斯教授的谈话。


在这一讲中我们简单谈到了三种基本的经济模式:


command or centrally-planned economy 中央计划经济
market system or laissez-faire economy 市场经济
mixed economy 混合式经济,即中央计划经济与市场经济的组合


在结束这一讲之前,我们再复习一下今天节目中出现的其它一些英文词汇:


1 buyers 买主、买方
2 purchase 购买
3 assets 资产
4 tangible 有形的
5 intangible 无形的
6 determining 决定,确定


最后我们再听一遍澳大利亚昆士兰州的奎根教授对三种基本经济模式做的简单介绍。(略)


这次由澳洲广播电台中文部为您制作的金融世界节目到这里就结束了,谢谢您的收听。
 



1 economists
n.经济学家,经济专家( economist的名词复数 )
  • The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
  • Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》
2 essentially
adv.本质上,实质上,基本上
  • Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
  • She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。
3 tangible
adj.有形的,可触摸的,确凿的,实际的
  • The policy has not yet brought any tangible benefits.这项政策还没有带来任何实质性的好处。
  • There is no tangible proof.没有确凿的证据。
学英语单词
alternating current to direct current
aluminium bis(acetylsalicylate)
B.th.u.,B.Th.U.
balantidiosis
band to band tunnelling
bashmets
befriendeth
big-toe
big-water
blank coupon
body tension
Borai
bug bomb
canned asparagus
catch member
Chinit, Stung
classical era
clock track
comfort with
complex classical group
comprovincial
dapportoes
decreasing expense
distribution of animal and plant
dorsal lingual vein
ensuant
eremigate
finishing syrup
flower box
foam spray drying
gallicization
gear wheel indexing arrangement
halogenation of alkane
Henrietta Maria, C.
high-latitude permafrost
homogeneous random field
honorable undertaking
hot spot factor
husband
integration deficient mutant
intermediators
intervertebral notch
isomorphic response
isoureido
kamelyne
kylindrite (cylindrite)
Lingayen G.
locational integration
long distillate
long period perturbations
lynne
Malcolm Lowry
Mapire
mccarver
medullar salivatory nucleus
methbrom
miocenic
miscataloged
mouthrot
multiassembly
nonequilibrium phase
on-line test and diagnostic routine
opiner
oyster saloon
pack sth in
path of vision
phrenolepsia
phytosiderophore
power slewing
program controlled robot
provulgate
recycled material
regularly convex set
retinerved
rhombohedral hemihedrism(rhombohedral hemihedry)
satellite earth observation
secrecies
Senegalese
short pitch coil
sideglances
silver linden
slow-running jet
sodium-4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonate
sportcasters
state monopoly capitalism
Subachilleal
subsidized export
supplementary arrangement
time-weighted mean resistance
travelling performance traverse
triclinohedric
tube cleaner
undergarments
uninserted
UNIX file access
uranium trifluoride
Utahrd
verbid
vertical scale-up
Vöhringen
wimpzilla
Zerohunt