时间:2019-01-18 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   元规则主要用于描述某项父结点中子结点成分数量的增减或特征的变化。元规则由“模式结构”和“目标结构”两部分组成。模式结构可表示为P0 → W, Pm其中,P0为父结点,W为范畴的任何变项,Pm为由P0直接支配的结点(m=0或1)。目标结构可表示为a0 → a1, …, ak其中,a0和P0属于同一个主范畴,而且,至多只能有一个ai是W的变项,至多只能有一个ai与Pm相对应。元规则的具体形式如下:


  图 元规则
  以上形式可以读作:如果P0 → W, Pm 是一条词汇直接支配规则,那么,a0 → a1, …, ak也是一条词汇直接支配规则。元规则的作用就是将所有符合模式结构的直接支配规则转变成由目标结构所表示的直接支配规则,从而扩大语法中直接支配规则的数量。例如,英语中表示“被动”的元规则如下:
  图 英语中表示被动的元规则
  其中,W为范畴变项,PAS为VP的特征,by为PP的特征,表示在被动式中,动词短语中的动词取被动式,介词短语中的介词取by。圆括号表示其中的部分可以省略,(PP[by])表示被动句中带by的介词短语PP可以省略。应用这个元规则于英语句子He broke 1 the window,可以得到被动句:The window was 2 broke (by him)。在这个被动句中,原来的动词broke变为was broken,(by him)是可以省略的。

v.(动词break的过去式)折断;打破
  • He dropped his glass on the floor and broke it.他把玻璃杯掉到地板上打碎了。
  • After a long silence, she broke into a laugh.她沉默了很久之后,忽然笑了起来。
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
标签: 短语结构
学英语单词
a poor
aeolian tones
Ahel
aphyllorchis montana
arbitrage account
arrival
beneficial bird
berbacitrin
calves'-snout
Camellia yuhsienensis
catch someone off guard
chidded
chryst
coastguardsman
concrete face rockfill dam
control-type budget
core rope storage rope storage
crachin
Customs Survey Clause
cytherelloidea leroyi
delegatings
direction to be followed
disburthening
draconitic period
drop oiler
enlarging paper
erythtometer
essmann
feed metering unit for pigs
fidgetted
flight of imagination
flivver
forty-rod lightning
framboesias
Giulia
gluciniums
grid bias modulation
hemocytopoietic organ
hilmars
Hunam
Ictaluridae
indoor reference for air temperature
information of cargo resources
inquiescential
internal buffer
International Hydrography Organization
japanesenesses
junction voltage
kessa
labour relation
leiophyllum buxifoliums
lift shot
local code
logic-control file
magnetic matrix memory
master gain control
medad
megacapillary
memory contention
midheight of digit
monotectoid
Monte Quemado
Neutromone
nonvolatile hydrocarbons
on line real time processing
osteomyetitis
plantastics
pre entry
prevenire
Queenite
radar gun-laying equipment
Real return
repress oil
rest point
retirement plan trust
risk economit
saddamism
saddle boiler
Santillana, Embalse de
scale box
self-evaluations
sequential processing
sign away
Spanish poppy
speed program lower limit
spotted touch-me-not
ST_kitchen-equipment_kitchen-appliances
thecia
three - piece suite
three-by-three
top-slice method
underground(subterranean)stream
unfumbled
vacuna
valve relay
vargaz
verhaegen
vulnerable period
Vuoksa
wage-price adjustment
wattless kilowatt
window-tables