时间:2019-01-18 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   元规则主要用于描述某项父结点中子结点成分数量的增减或特征的变化。元规则由“模式结构”和“目标结构”两部分组成。模式结构可表示为P0 → W, Pm其中,P0为父结点,W为范畴的任何变项,Pm为由P0直接支配的结点(m=0或1)。目标结构可表示为a0 → a1, …, ak其中,a0和P0属于同一个主范畴,而且,至多只能有一个ai是W的变项,至多只能有一个ai与Pm相对应。元规则的具体形式如下:


  图 元规则
  以上形式可以读作:如果P0 → W, Pm 是一条词汇直接支配规则,那么,a0 → a1, …, ak也是一条词汇直接支配规则。元规则的作用就是将所有符合模式结构的直接支配规则转变成由目标结构所表示的直接支配规则,从而扩大语法中直接支配规则的数量。例如,英语中表示“被动”的元规则如下:
  图 英语中表示被动的元规则
  其中,W为范畴变项,PAS为VP的特征,by为PP的特征,表示在被动式中,动词短语中的动词取被动式,介词短语中的介词取by。圆括号表示其中的部分可以省略,(PP[by])表示被动句中带by的介词短语PP可以省略。应用这个元规则于英语句子He broke 1 the window,可以得到被动句:The window was 2 broke (by him)。在这个被动句中,原来的动词broke变为was broken,(by him)是可以省略的。

v.(动词break的过去式)折断;打破
  • He dropped his glass on the floor and broke it.他把玻璃杯掉到地板上打碎了。
  • After a long silence, she broke into a laugh.她沉默了很久之后,忽然笑了起来。
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
标签: 短语结构
学英语单词
acceleration detector
aerochemical
almightful
arbitrators.
artery of labyrinth
ban pak-leng
Bantustan, bantustan
bayous
bessey
Big Wills Creek
body of workmen
boiler blow down valve
borate waste solution
boron-lined
break of dawn
cast dirt
catch cold
chaetoceros pendulum
chromic orthophosphate
chronocidal
coast artillery
cold hemagglutination
com'l.
computist
database creation process
date corrector spring
deformalizes
desiccation
diaphragm type pressure transducer
differential advantage
dignotions
Diophantine predicate
disimpaction
dissipativity
Elatostema megacephalum
end stanchion
estate of deceased person
Feng Guifen
fibrational
fistula cibalis
fixed excitation
fly-fish
gidongman (kidong-man)
Hi-alazin
impure arkose
initiation point
lash rail
Lazard Freres
location of dam
materia prima
minimum delay
miniplant
Mississaugan
mite typhus
multiplicative principle
native wit
nicklas
non-denumerable set
Norhomoepinephrine
openmouthed
periaxial encephalitis
perioptic
pole-vaulting
printed circuit breadboard
process computer alarm typewriter
proxy statement
Pyrenaria spectabilis
radioactive ash
record method
recovery console
rental property
repetitors
robustest
SAS System
Scyllaridae
sematurid
semi-mounted plough
shop economic accounting
shot my wad
small horsebean
soft-soldered
solid front pressure gage
solid web
sportfish
stercohilin
stinnette
strawberry shortcake
stuck it out
sulfuric acid cooler
super-large-scale integration
superapparent
surfacing machine
switch closure
synchronous refresh
tortoise-shells
Unilax
uralborite
verblessly
Vilémov
Window Watchdog
wyrgyne
xenon burndown transient