时间:2019-01-18 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   元规则主要用于描述某项父结点中子结点成分数量的增减或特征的变化。元规则由“模式结构”和“目标结构”两部分组成。模式结构可表示为P0 → W, Pm其中,P0为父结点,W为范畴的任何变项,Pm为由P0直接支配的结点(m=0或1)。目标结构可表示为a0 → a1, …, ak其中,a0和P0属于同一个主范畴,而且,至多只能有一个ai是W的变项,至多只能有一个ai与Pm相对应。元规则的具体形式如下:


  图 元规则
  以上形式可以读作:如果P0 → W, Pm 是一条词汇直接支配规则,那么,a0 → a1, …, ak也是一条词汇直接支配规则。元规则的作用就是将所有符合模式结构的直接支配规则转变成由目标结构所表示的直接支配规则,从而扩大语法中直接支配规则的数量。例如,英语中表示“被动”的元规则如下:
  图 英语中表示被动的元规则
  其中,W为范畴变项,PAS为VP的特征,by为PP的特征,表示在被动式中,动词短语中的动词取被动式,介词短语中的介词取by。圆括号表示其中的部分可以省略,(PP[by])表示被动句中带by的介词短语PP可以省略。应用这个元规则于英语句子He broke 1 the window,可以得到被动句:The window was 2 broke (by him)。在这个被动句中,原来的动词broke变为was broken,(by him)是可以省略的。

v.(动词break的过去式)折断;打破
  • He dropped his glass on the floor and broke it.他把玻璃杯掉到地板上打碎了。
  • After a long silence, she broke into a laugh.她沉默了很久之后,忽然笑了起来。
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
标签: 短语结构
学英语单词
alizarin monosulfonate
all-zero statement label
angleterres
automatic water-sprinkler
be bent double
belly-ache bush
bottom-land
calculation of freight
carbonate compensation depth
carry over stock
cases board dented
chlorophyllinite
chronic rhinitis
climatic rhythm
cold-off shank
commitees
compound kinematice chain
confermed irrevocable letter of credit
crosshead type engine
danaide
day on earth
DDAC (digital distance amplitude correction)
deathy
deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization indicator
dhruv
digital microcircuit
dimethyl-n- nitrosamine
disbalances
discrete memoryless channel
double knitting yarn
dressing chamber
earned income exemption
economic indicators
evacuate from
female-centered
filterstrips
fine pealite
flat-turret lathe
Galoanthropia
garbage dumps
general circulation of atmosphere
George Westinghouse
get back into shape
giantin
government tort
guanidase hydrochloride
has regard to
hippies
hypnotizers
ieptomeningitis
instalment premium
ischimia
JB (junction box)
Kinta, Sungai
ligamenta adiposum
Mix,Tom
motif
multifunction synthesizer
Namwoncheon
nondigested
nuisance abatement
Oščadnica
paeonin
paratrechina kraepelini
perlocy
person supporting prosecution
pine bark oil
plasmopara halstedii
poritoid
pressure vessel cladding
pulse generators
Pārūd
reutlingens
rotproof finish
rumpent
seatmast
shape variation
sicklings
side bend test
sitfast
sonic bangs
South El Monte
subisopygous
suborder cephalaspidas
take note of
tamping mass
tensor-divergence
tingler
toiletings
training need
trannel
trigas
twinning displacement
two plate
type of function
umasts
usual picture area
ventilation by extraction
virialising
war memorials
yovel
zinc plate finish