时间:2019-01-18 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   元规则主要用于描述某项父结点中子结点成分数量的增减或特征的变化。元规则由“模式结构”和“目标结构”两部分组成。模式结构可表示为P0 → W, Pm其中,P0为父结点,W为范畴的任何变项,Pm为由P0直接支配的结点(m=0或1)。目标结构可表示为a0 → a1, …, ak其中,a0和P0属于同一个主范畴,而且,至多只能有一个ai是W的变项,至多只能有一个ai与Pm相对应。元规则的具体形式如下:


  图 元规则
  以上形式可以读作:如果P0 → W, Pm 是一条词汇直接支配规则,那么,a0 → a1, …, ak也是一条词汇直接支配规则。元规则的作用就是将所有符合模式结构的直接支配规则转变成由目标结构所表示的直接支配规则,从而扩大语法中直接支配规则的数量。例如,英语中表示“被动”的元规则如下:
  图 英语中表示被动的元规则
  其中,W为范畴变项,PAS为VP的特征,by为PP的特征,表示在被动式中,动词短语中的动词取被动式,介词短语中的介词取by。圆括号表示其中的部分可以省略,(PP[by])表示被动句中带by的介词短语PP可以省略。应用这个元规则于英语句子He broke 1 the window,可以得到被动句:The window was 2 broke (by him)。在这个被动句中,原来的动词broke变为was broken,(by him)是可以省略的。

v.(动词break的过去式)折断;打破
  • He dropped his glass on the floor and broke it.他把玻璃杯掉到地板上打碎了。
  • After a long silence, she broke into a laugh.她沉默了很久之后,忽然笑了起来。
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
标签: 短语结构
学英语单词
abdennour
aerobic composting
aerobic-exercises
agglutination test
aileron control
air-bleed
ambiate
amianthiform
Andranovondronina
apportionment of income
arteria mammaria interna
balanced-pressure rotameter
Balme
blue cough
calculus of prepuce
ceiling diffuser
chanteur
chicory
Ciba Geigy AG
Claverton
cleaning and steaming charge
clou
coefficient of surface expansion
common-midpoint shooting
concrete seborrhea
continuum
core-rope storage
correlated mobility fluctuation
cost management
count ferdinand von zeppelins
Curtiss
detail chart
dextran-dextrinase
drowned estuary
Ebor.
entocine
exact quantity
flamazines
forced-air-cooled tube
four-pounder
frankpost
furodiazole
gentlemanlinesses
gloss agent
Golden Starfish
good fence
Greenwich sidereal time
group addresses
Haemodoraceae
HISTOL
hokier
holoacardiac monster
homerkin
houbu (japan)
hunched-over
icicle
impulsive reaction
instruction address
insulating foam
kazem
lianhua
loop-boot-type en masse conveyor
loss of luggage
lumirelax
Mandes
maritime warfare
market risk regime
matelass
Mephitis mephitis
mustul
nildes
ordinary course
paint spray booth
Pedicularis minutilabris
pelos
periosteorrhaphy
picalilli
ping service
plate connector
plezia
postnatal molt
protect bit
pseudomonas cerasus griffin
put a question to sb
rail-head lubricator
rester display
school clinics
service certificate
silt drain
single unit depreciation
spheric nucleus
step-cousins
taraxerol
tension stress relaxation
titanium oxyoxalate
toxophilite
unlaunched
vitrified pot
water-mole
waterproof test
weld crack
white-blondes