时间:2019-01-18 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   元规则主要用于描述某项父结点中子结点成分数量的增减或特征的变化。元规则由“模式结构”和“目标结构”两部分组成。模式结构可表示为P0 → W, Pm其中,P0为父结点,W为范畴的任何变项,Pm为由P0直接支配的结点(m=0或1)。目标结构可表示为a0 → a1, …, ak其中,a0和P0属于同一个主范畴,而且,至多只能有一个ai是W的变项,至多只能有一个ai与Pm相对应。元规则的具体形式如下:


  图 元规则
  以上形式可以读作:如果P0 → W, Pm 是一条词汇直接支配规则,那么,a0 → a1, …, ak也是一条词汇直接支配规则。元规则的作用就是将所有符合模式结构的直接支配规则转变成由目标结构所表示的直接支配规则,从而扩大语法中直接支配规则的数量。例如,英语中表示“被动”的元规则如下:
  图 英语中表示被动的元规则
  其中,W为范畴变项,PAS为VP的特征,by为PP的特征,表示在被动式中,动词短语中的动词取被动式,介词短语中的介词取by。圆括号表示其中的部分可以省略,(PP[by])表示被动句中带by的介词短语PP可以省略。应用这个元规则于英语句子He broke 1 the window,可以得到被动句:The window was 2 broke (by him)。在这个被动句中,原来的动词broke变为was broken,(by him)是可以省略的。

v.(动词break的过去式)折断;打破
  • He dropped his glass on the floor and broke it.他把玻璃杯掉到地板上打碎了。
  • After a long silence, she broke into a laugh.她沉默了很久之后,忽然笑了起来。
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
标签: 短语结构
学英语单词
ablepharias
adjacent bed
affiantly
annotated bibliographies
Arecales
axially symmetric deformed nucleus
barber's shop
Bemelmans, Ludwig
benzylidene(group)
Blaenau Ffestiniog
bolar
bottle-coaster
carbon monoxide transducer
carjackers
carvical cesarean section
casting call
clean water tank
color eye
constant-voltage motor
continuous strokes
control boards
cork drill
cow storm
customary international law
Czech capital
d-cup
dawn on somebody
degree of fatness
Dexone
DT (down time)
electronic volt-ohm-ma meter
Ethonal
ethyl arsine
flux period
follicular cell tumor
from of old
fyry
gamefowls
hematoglob(ul)in
highly oscillatory mode
hollow core valve
hypochromia
hypsochromy
isentropic expansion refrigeration of gases
key enterprise
lacc
linear sensitivity measure
living example
magnesium-manganese-zinc alloy
makenna
Marta, Fiume
martinsburg
may you succeed
metal clad
minimal wave length
monopterus albus
morfer
mow the laundry
musculi palmaris longus
nature preservation zone
net of curves
Nissl's method of staining
nonrecurring profit
opechancanough
open relationship
opening of bid (tender)
oxalic anhydride
pecks at
photoluminescence powder
polycrystalline fibre
prayer plants
protaz
pseudamiops gracilicauda
quasi-field
quotidiarian
radiation processing reactor
San Juan Pueblo
Santalum L.
sleepy-time
South Charleston
split column format
ST_surprise-and-confusion_puzzle-and-confuse
staplehurst
strobotrons
Symoron
temiskamite (maucherite)
tentative function
tetherin
tetr-
the right man in the right place
thin film switch
Thiophal
transcytotic vesicle
type coercion
ultrasonic Doppler technique
under-depreciation
uniform layout
voluntary code
Welded Mesh
well gone to water
wheelest
Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin