时间:2019-01-18 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   元规则主要用于描述某项父结点中子结点成分数量的增减或特征的变化。元规则由“模式结构”和“目标结构”两部分组成。模式结构可表示为P0 → W, Pm其中,P0为父结点,W为范畴的任何变项,Pm为由P0直接支配的结点(m=0或1)。目标结构可表示为a0 → a1, …, ak其中,a0和P0属于同一个主范畴,而且,至多只能有一个ai是W的变项,至多只能有一个ai与Pm相对应。元规则的具体形式如下:


  图 元规则
  以上形式可以读作:如果P0 → W, Pm 是一条词汇直接支配规则,那么,a0 → a1, …, ak也是一条词汇直接支配规则。元规则的作用就是将所有符合模式结构的直接支配规则转变成由目标结构所表示的直接支配规则,从而扩大语法中直接支配规则的数量。例如,英语中表示“被动”的元规则如下:
  图 英语中表示被动的元规则
  其中,W为范畴变项,PAS为VP的特征,by为PP的特征,表示在被动式中,动词短语中的动词取被动式,介词短语中的介词取by。圆括号表示其中的部分可以省略,(PP[by])表示被动句中带by的介词短语PP可以省略。应用这个元规则于英语句子He broke 1 the window,可以得到被动句:The window was 2 broke (by him)。在这个被动句中,原来的动词broke变为was broken,(by him)是可以省略的。

v.(动词break的过去式)折断;打破
  • He dropped his glass on the floor and broke it.他把玻璃杯掉到地板上打碎了。
  • After a long silence, she broke into a laugh.她沉默了很久之后,忽然笑了起来。
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
标签: 短语结构
学英语单词
amarnthus argenta l.
ammons quick test of intelligence
anacidic dyspepsia
analytical intelligence
anchor dragging
Anperthite
Arthur Rimbaud
at full capacity
bactrocera zonata (saunders)
battle port
branch retinal artery occlusion
burseraceous
buttlegging
calcium hydroxides
calliotropis annonaformis
cash to revenue ratio
catchment glacier
central deposit system
classification and regression tree (cart)
conneting rod bearing
copyright file
corrugate steel
crushers
custom clearance
deep space telemetry
dichondrifolia
downmodulation
dust-mopping
egg - eating snake
endodiascopy
furry lobster
gable tiles
genus pandions
gun-licence
halosilanes
heading side
heidelberg men
heyfield
Horezmians
hot scarfer
hundred volume total formula
hypoproteinenia
image editing program
inferior agriculture
Juan José Paso
Konkoro
laboriousness
latex froth building machine
link dump iron
man on the street sampling
master of philosophy
model of field source
neotrichocolea bissetii (mitti) hatt
Nilf
nitpick
nonpiercement salt dome
nosier
oceanography
ocher mutation
order Sirenia
overburden stripping
parallel processing computer
pary
perturbed periodic potential field
phyllanthus matsumuae hay.
poop control
pray sb to do sth
proterical
pumping method
rate of compression
rosid dicot families
sausage wallet
school plant
scrappie
self-organised
selfregulation
shelf-stable
solderer
special contamination
standing posture (of domestic animals)
stress component
subtract from
successor of title
suicide-attacks
sulfids
the top enchilada
thermocouple needle
thorium-X
thought showers
took a pleasure in
top felt press
toylands
tracing condition
tulums
ultramicron
unknotty
vasotonin
video services
weigh sth. in the nicest scales
westernization
win ... blue
zooparasites