时间:2019-01-18 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   边缘介词(Marginal Prepositions)指的是那些在语法功能上与介词相似的词。本文所要介绍的是那些貌似动词却非动词的边缘介词。与一般介词不同的是,这类介词的词形较特别:除少数词以动词原形出现以外,大多数词为分词形式。由于其独特的词形,加上一般语法书上又没有给出详尽的用法说明及例句,人们往往很难将这些词同介词联系在一起。事实上,作为一种较为特殊的介词,它们同样具有一般介词所具有的某些语法功能,在现代英语中的运用也并不少见。例如《大学英语》第一册中有这样的一个句子“...with more dignity than I would have thought possible considering his appearance.” 句中的“considering”就是一个十分常见的边缘介词。对于每个英语学习者来说,了解并掌握一些类似的边缘介词是很有必要的。这里,我向读者介绍一些常见的类似动词的边缘介词。


  一、 形似现在分词的边缘介词
  英语中,绝大多数类似动词的边缘介词都为现在分词形式,其中最为常见的有以下一些:
  1.barring(不包括,如果没有):
  Barring special circumstances, the plane will arrive on schedule.
  如无特殊情况,飞机将准时到达。
  2.concerning(关于,就……来说):
  We had several discussions concerning the matter.
  关于这事,我们已讨论好几次了。
  3.considering(鉴于,就……而论):
  Considering his age, he writes quite well.
  以他的年龄来看,他写得相当不错。
  4.excepting(除……之外),该词用于句首或not,without,always之后。
  Everyone helped, not excepting John.
  每个人都帮了一把,连约翰也不例外。
  5.failing(如果在……中失败,如果没有):
  Failing specific instructions, use your own judgment 1.
  如无具体指示,请自行酌办。
  6.pending 2(直到),此词为正式用语。
  This matter must wait pending his return from Europe.
  这件事要等到他从欧洲回来后再说。
  7.regarding(关于),此词为正式用语,常用于商业信函中。
  Yesterday, we had a spirited discussion regarding the future of the reform.
  昨天,我们就改革的前途进行了一番热烈的讨论。
  8.respecting(关于,至于):
  I'm at a loss respecting his whereabouts.
  关于他的下落,我一无所知。
  9.touching 3(关于,提到),该词用于正式语体或书面语。
  Touching the case, I suggest that we should go to ask the litigant 4.
  关于这个案子,我建议我们去问问当事人。
  10.wanting(没有):
  Wanting courage, victory is impossible.
  没有勇气,就不可能取得胜利。
  二、形似过去分词及形同动词原形的边缘介词
  这类介词为数不多,最常用的有以下几个:
  1.given(考虑到):
  Given the present conditions, I think she's done rather well.
  考虑到目前的条件,我认为她做得相当不错了。
  2.granted (that)(假定,即使):
  Granted (或Granting) that she should come to lend you a hand, it doesn't mean she will.
  即使她应该来帮你一把,也并不意味着她会这样做。
  3.bar(除……之外):
  We'll come on time bar(或barring)traffic delay.
  除非路上堵车,我们将准时到达。
  4.save(除……之外),此词为正式用语。
  The screen was all dark save for one bright spot.
  除了一个光点之外,屏幕上一片黑暗。
  从以上所给例句中,我们不难看出,这类介词同样具有一般介词的语法功能,它们在句中主要用作状语或在名词短语之后作后置修饰语。有一点需要说明的是,有些以分词形式出现的词,除了有边缘介词的功能以外,还有其他一些功能,如连接词的功能,这就非本文所讨论的范围了。

n.审判;判断力,识别力,看法,意见
  • The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
  • He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。
prep.直到,等待…期间;adj.待定的;迫近的
  • The lawsuit is still pending in the state court.这案子仍在州法庭等待定夺。
  • He knew my examination was pending.他知道我就要考试了。
adj.动人的,使人感伤的
  • It was a touching sight.这是一幅动人的景象。
  • His letter was touching.他的信很感人。
n.诉讼当事人;adj.进行诉讼的
  • A litigant generally must make a motion in writing.诉讼当事人通常必须作出书面申请。
  • In civil proceedings,the litigants shall have equal litigant rights.民事诉讼当事人有平等的诉讼权利。
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