时间:2019-01-18 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   对于一个具有一定英语水平的人来说,谙熟其修辞方式,不仅有助于辨别该语言的各种修辞现象,了解修 辞运用的规律,从而提高分析语言表现技巧的能力,而且还可以有力提高准确、有效地运用语言的能力。


  一、比喻
  比喻是语言艺术的升华,是最富有诗意的语言形式之一,是语言的信息功能和美学功能的有机结合。英语 中常见的比喻有三类:明喻、隐喻和转喻。
  1.明喻(the simile)
  明喻通常是把被比喻的“本体”和用以比喻的“喻体”同时说出,说明本体事物象喻体事物,用介词like ,连词as,as if,as…so,动词seem等以及句型A …to B as C…to D等等表示“好像”意思的比喻说法就叫 明喻。
  人们往往有这样的错觉,认为比喻修辞只适用于文学类的各种文体,而非文学类论著,如科技之类应用文 体,为了表达的正确性、严密性与科学性,是排斥比喻的。事实上,在英语的科技类的论著中,为了把描象的 事物说得具体化、形象化,把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白,也经常使用比喻。例如:
  (1)Bacteria are so small that a single round one of acommon type is about 1/25,000 of an in ch across when thesebacteria are magnified 1,000 times, they look only aslarge as apencil point. 细菌是这样小,一种普通类型的圆形细菌直径大约只有1/25,000英寸。这种细菌放大一千倍看起来也只有铅笔 尖那么大。
  (2)There now exists a kind of glass so sensitive to light that,like photographic film,it wil l record pictures and designs. 现在有一种对光十分敏感的玻璃,它像胶卷一样能记录图像和图案。
  英语中除上述的用介词、连词或句型等的明喻表达方式外,还有许许多多常用的明喻习语。例如:
  as long as it′s broad半斤八两;结果一样as clear as crystal清如水晶
  这类利用双声增强美感的明喻习语简洁明快,短小精悍,语言形象,比喻恰切,令人回味无穷,运用得当 ,可以达到表达生动、形象的效果。
  2.隐喻(the metaphor)
  它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征,用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻 词,只是在暗中打比方。举一个简单的例子:Argument is war.实际上argument和 war是两种不同的事物,前 者是口语谈论,后者是武装冲突。但argument和war都可能十分激烈,因此该句用战争(war)来暗指辨论(argum ent)激烈的程度。再如:
  (1)He has a heart of stone.他铁石心肠。
  (2)To me,the pegeant of seasons is a thrilling and unendingdrama.对于我来说,四季的奇妙变幻犹 如一出动人心弦永不完结的戏。
  英语中有许多数词习语和俚语,主要用作隐喻(也有个别用作明喻)。许多数词习语和俚语本身所代表的 数字意思,在某种情况下往往失去具体的含义,引申演变为与某一事物相关或具有某一事物特征的含义。例如 :
  (1)A hundred to one it will be a failure.这件事极可能失败。
  (2)He has one over the eight.他酩酊大醉。
  英语中还有许多隐喻成语。例如:
  to teach fish to swim班门弄斧to plough the sand白费力气
  这些隐喻成语的最大特色就是通过具体的、妇孺皆知的形象来表情达意。请看:a square peg 1 in a roun d hole用“园洞中的方钉”,来说明“不适宜担任某一职务的人”,真是十分恰当;between the devil and the deepsea,一边是魔鬼,另一边是大海,叫人走投无路,十分传神地表达出“进退两难”的境界。
  3.转喻(the metonymy)
  转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻,它根本不说出本体事物,直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如:
  (1)The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses 喻指司机driv ers)。
  (2)The pen is mightier 2 than the sword.文人胜于武士(以pen,sword喻指使用这物的人)。
  英语中一些鸟兽鱼虫的名字,除本义外,常可转借喻人,形象生动,意味隽永。例如:
  (1)Mrs Smith is nice but her husband is such a bear thatnobody likes him.史密斯夫人和蔼可亲, 但她丈夫为人粗鲁,脾气暴躁,谁都不喜欢他(以兽喻人)。
  (2)She is a social butterfly.她是一个交际花(以虫喻人)。
  比喻是英语中最为常见的,用得十分广泛的一种修辞格。论证问题,说明道理以及描绘人物、事物、景物 等等,都用得着。它的基本作用是把事物或事理说得具体、生动、形象,使人可见可感可悟,以增强语言的说 服力和感染力。

n.木栓,木钉;vt.用木钉钉,用短桩固定
  • Hang your overcoat on the peg in the hall.把你的大衣挂在门厅的挂衣钩上。
  • He hit the peg mightily on the top with a mallet.他用木槌猛敲木栓顶。
标签: 比喻
学英语单词
action pattern
Adzi
Aglaonema tenuipes
agricultural division
Akokora
anti-disaster access
auditory teeth of Huschke
azotols
bacterium fluorescens convexus
Baume-les-Dames
BCF1
biochemical physiology
blow and blow process
breast flush
Business Combination laws
cash and carry warehouse
composititious
contention PODA
cough plates
crotchdroppings
CSIS
deferred settlement
destination selection
drill tang
dynamic-link library file
effect-to-cause
equivalent parallel resistance
extraction of root
fan blades
far-distant
finished unit
first foot
fixed field accelerator
flamengo
Foline-Phenol
fracture of lower end of radius
from fear
Garnett, Constance Black
gyratory fixed spindle crusher
handbasins
head process
health physics laboratory
hidroa
honeybellss
hostier
Huntingdon and Godmanchester
in proper
inspissates
katiba
knocks off
lose favour in someone's with someone
lung septa
magnolia sieboldii koch
meoued
mohorovicic discontinulty
mononegavirus
mountain alder
Nodi lymphatici postaortici
noise or fluctuation
ophthalmic photography
Panicum sumatrense
para rubber packing
parent's liability for child's torts
plan radius of curvature
pulse train relay
recogitate
Rhamnales
Rostovskiy Rayon
runtime administration routine
sales credit
scramble time
seagoing pipeline
seal weld
series opposing
servo bearing transmission
shock reducer
skillmix
snubnose
sporting blood
spray-up process
spreadit thick
stand confessed as
sternward
synagrops spinosus
tared dish
tectonic stage
television tracking measurement system
telluritian
the first consideration
tin-base bearing alloy
to trap
took them out
towery
tube well?
turning sander
two-bank stage pump
U-yin
undifferentiated
unstathelfast
vibro-sounding rod
What good is it?
zero-point energy