时间:2019-01-16 作者:英语课 分类:美国习惯用语


英语课

枪在美国历史上曾经起了重要的作用。枪是探险家、垦荒者和牛仔必不可少的伴侣。这固然已经是陈年往事,但是这段流逝的岁月却在语言中留下了自己的脚印;美国英语里至今还有不少习惯用语都和枪或者开火射击有关。


我们今天要讲几个这样的习惯用语。第一个是: go off half-cocked。这个习惯用语来自两百年前。当时人们使用的步枪是从前枪口上子弹的,开火前必须先打开保险装置,也就是准备开火的扳机。Cock作动词用的时候就解释扳上枪上的扳机,所以half-cocked意思是准备开火的扳机还没完全扳上,或者说是枪上的开火保险装置还没完全打开。


而短语go off就是“开火”的意思,所以这个习惯用语从字面上看来是枪的保险扳机还没扳上就发火了,而当时的步枪由于开火装置上的缺陷,时常会出这样的毛病。但是现在人们用这个习惯用语时含意是什么呢?让我们听个例子来体会。


例句-1:My boss went off half-cocked today when I came in late. He gave me hell 1 until he stopped for breath and I had a chance to tell him I had to rush my wife to the hospital to have our baby.


原来他上班迟到了。他老板一见他二话不说就给他连珠炮般的一顿训斥。他在老板停下来喘口气的当口上才有机会插嘴说:刚才他必须送太太上医院去生他们的宝宝。


他是由於太太分娩这种紧急情况才迟到的,而老板一见他就不问情由地斥骂,可见习惯用语go off half-cocked如今用来指不了解情况莽撞行事。


******


我们再来学个习惯用语: stick to one's guns。Stick这个词作动词用的时候可以解释坚持、坚守不离开,而且后面往往跟著to。这样看来stick to one's guns意思是坚守自己的枪炮。想象一下当敌军步步紧逼、杀上前来的时刻有人却临危不惧,坚定不移地装上子弹炮弹射向敌军。这确实需要坚强的毅力。那么stick to one's guns用在日常生活中表示什么意思呢?我们来听个例子。这是一位父亲叮嘱将要离开家去上大学的女儿。


例句-2:Honey, I hear some students at this school are fooling around with drugs. But I know that you'll stick to your guns and keep saying no to people who want you to try the stuff 2.


这位父亲说:我听说这所学校里有些学生在滥用毒品。但是我知道你有坚定的毅力会坚持到底,拒绝那些想要引诱你试毒品的家伙的。


在年轻人之有时确实存在迫使你随大流的压力,置身于吸毒之类的坏风气中要做到坚持自己的原则不为所动,需要坚定不移的毅力,所以这儿stick to one's guns意思就是坚持立场不动摇。


******


我们再学一个习惯用语: a shot in the dark。 Shot在这儿显然是名词。它的意思是开枪射击。A shot in the dark从字面解释就是在黑暗中放的一枪。想象一下在伸手不见五指的黑暗中根本不可能知道目标在哪里就开了一枪。这一枪想必是凭瞎猜来放的了。其实习惯用语a shot in the dark说的并不是开枪射击。让我们听个例子来琢磨它的意思。


例句-3:Man, I know I flunked 3 that exam! I didn't know even half of the answers. All I could do was take a whole lot of shots in the dark and hope I made some lucky guesses.


他说:咳,我知道那次考试准不及格。那些考题我甚至连一半都答不上。我除了作一大堆的胡乱猜测之外别无他法,只能巴望自己运气好猜中了。


对那些考题他有一半都心里没底,就只好乱猜了,所以这里的take a whole lot of shots in the dark意思是作一大堆的胡乱猜测,习惯用语a shot in the dark含义就是漫无目标地瞎猜。

 



n.地狱,阴间;用以咒骂或表示愤怒,不满
  • It's a hell of a hike from Sydney to Perth.从悉尼到珀斯的徒步旅行简直苦死了。
  • The boss really gave me hell today.老板今天着实数落了我一通。
n.原料,材料,东西;vt.填满;吃饱
  • We could supply you with the stuff in the raw tomorrow.明天我们可以供应你原材料。
  • He is not the stuff.他不是这个材料。
v.( flunk的过去式和过去分词 );(使)(考试、某学科的成绩等)不及格;评定(某人)不及格;(因不及格而) 退学
  • I flunked math in second grade. 我二年级时数学不及格。
  • He flunked out (of college) last year. 他去年(从大学)退学了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
学英语单词
aeschynite-(Y)
aided person
amplitude-phase characteristic
anisomastia
antiepicentre
antioxidant for cracked gasoline
arabesqued
arachnura melanura
Asiarchs
associated accessories
audifier inquiry
barrel liner
boiler/egg
broad jumper
Brown Boveri truo-charger
Charwoman.
Chatillon crush test
circuit tester
common fennels
congenital contracture
controlled house
conversion of time
counter-terrorist
cryodose
damiana
deviate
differential stage
ellipsoidal cavity
emulsifing action
foot per second
forebuyer
general disarmament
ground straight-shank twist drill
handling of land
have a night on the tiles
Horath
Horrocks
hydraulic torque converter lockout
hydrogen chloride sampling train
hypopnea
Jehovism
kangaroo jacket
keyboard subsystem
krauthammer
library searching by the linker
low resolution self-scan pattern recognition
maidenry
married fall system
membrane gage
Minamiminowa
minority-group
monolepta excavata
multiple winding transformer
myosuroides
Naviaux
navtex message numbering
Nyquist theory
odd-jobbed
off-islanders
Office Live Workspace
open by cable
overhang bracket
parachute accident
peaking strip
plain linoleum
plum-
pocket-dial
point lock key
progress schedule
psidiums
psilorhynchid
pulse-signal
reed mark
rent
Rijkevorsel
rood-tree
roussillons
secondary optic vesicle
seidel
skip car loader
slurry preforming
snaggling
spina media
St Joseph County
Stizostedion vitreum
suspended refractory wall
t group(of e. coli phage)
tengellid
TLZ
top speed turn
topped up
tops
tough it out
un-englishes
undercloths
urban-renewal
varada
vectigalia
virag
water methanol injection
Wollongite
wood burning fireplace