【简明语法】11.15 过去完成时
时间：2019-01-16 作者：英语课 分类：英文语法词汇
英语课
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had 1 +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said 2, knew, heard, thought 3等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police 4 arrived, the thieves 5 had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope 6, wish, expect 7, think, intend 8, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped 9 that you would 10 come, but you didn't.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until 11 , when, after, once, as 12 soon as。
He said that he had learned 13 some English before.
By the time he was 14 twelve, Edison had began to make a living 15 by himself 16.
Tom was disappointed 17 that most of the guests 18 had left when he arrived at the party.
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing 19, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
前一句应用过去进行时。
注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold 20 it.
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词；conj.有
- I just had a good idea!我有个好主意！
- The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
v.动词say的过去式、过去分词
- He said to me that he could not come.他对我说他不能来。
- He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。
n.想法，思想，思维，思潮，关心，挂念；v.vbl.think的过去式和过去分词
- It was just a thought.这仅仅是一个想法。
- She thought he had a cold.她认为他感冒了。
n.警察，警察当局，治安，公安；vt.维持治安，警备，管辖
- They sent him over to the police.他们将他遣送警察局。
- It took the police only several days to break the case.警察只用了几天就破案了。
n.小偷，窃贼(复数形)
- a nest of thieves 贼窝
- The thieves took the jewels and then cleaned out. 那些贼拿了首饰，匆匆而去。
vt.希望，期望；vi.希望，期待；n.希望，期望
- We hope you can come.我们希望你能来。
- Hope you'll enjoy yourself there.愿您度过愉快的一天。
vt.预期，期待，料想
- Don't expect me to run after you all your life.别指望我伺候你一辈子。
- Don't expect too much of his idea.不要对他的主意期望过高。
vt.想要，打算；打算使…为；意指，意思是
- How long do you intend to stay with the firm?你准备在公司干多久？
- He did not intend paying the bill.他不打算付账。
v.希望，期望( hope的过去式和过去分词 )；[俚语]相信，认为；希望，盼望，期待
- He hoped they would not feel affronted if they were not invited . 他希望如果他们没有获得邀请也不要感到受辱。
- They hoped to enlist the help of the public in solving the crime. 他们希望寻求公众协助破案。
aux.will的过去式；愿，要；常常；大概；将要，会
- Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说？
- Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗？
prep.直到...为止；conj.直到...时才...
- He arrived home until midnight.他直到半夜才到家。
- She didn't sleep until midnight.她直到半夜才睡。
conj.按照；如同
- He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
- In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里，这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
adj.有学问的，博学的；learn的过去式和过去分词
- He went into a rage when he learned about it.他听到这事后勃然大怒。
- In this little village,he passed for a learned man.在这个小村子里，他被视为有学问的人。
adj.活的，活着的，现存的；逼真的，一模一样的；生活的，维持生活的；n.生活，生计
- Nowadays it is very easy to earn a living.现今谋生很容易。
- I'll never forget that as long as I am living.这事我至死也不会忘记。
pron.他自己
- He is proud of himself.他为自己感到自豪。
- He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。
adj.失望的，不满意的，不如意的
- He seemed disappointed when the man refused his request.当那个人拒绝了他的要求时他看起来很失望。
- He was disappointed so often that he became hopeless.他屡次失望，以致变为了绝望。
n.客人；来宾；旅客 vt.招待；款待 vi.作客；客人( guest的名词复数 )；旅客；特邀嘉宾；[动物学]客虫
- The hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests. 这家旅馆可供500位旅客住宿。
- The guests left in an alcoholic haze. 客人们醉醺醺地离去了。
n.写，写作；著作，文学作品
- I am also writing a short story.我也写短篇小说。
- Do you like writing for children?你愿意为儿童写作吗？